Digital Commons Network^™

Doctrinal Intent Versus Institutional Reality: The Gulf Countries' Antitrust Objectives, Nora Memeti

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

This paper examines the intriguing contrast between the ambitious goals of antitrust laws in the Gulf countries and the reality of their enforcement. While this region seeks to protect competition and curb monopolistic practices, only Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have made significant strides in achieving these ideals.

Through a comparative legal analysis, this paper examines how the statutory objectives of competition law in Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, and the UAE often remain more rhetorical than substantive, with enforcement primarily symbolic. In contrast, Saudi Arabia demonstrates some enforcement activity, although its alignment with legislative objectives remains uncertain. Kuwait's …

Usa V. Yadell Jones

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

On The Legal-Theoretical Foundations Of Property Taxation Under State Ownership Of Land, Tianke Ban, Yilin Hou, Ping Zhang

Center for Policy Research

The general public and even some scholars challenge the legitimacy of levying the property tax under conditions where land is state-owned and multi-year land-use fees have already been collected at the time of house sales. This challenge points to the legal- theoretical foundations of property taxation: the core issue is whether the rights and economic utility of China's construction land-use-rights (CLUR) are sufficient to be treated as the object of property tax levy. China's Civil Law stipulates that CLUR holders have the rights to possess, use, and profit from the land during their use period, as well as the right …

2026-02-04 Educators And Healthcare Workers Rally Against Ice, Tristan Scott

The Spectator Online

No abstract provided.

Usa V. Yadell Jones

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Cmsi Note 19: China’S Blue-Water Research Fleet: Science In Service Of Strategy, Ryan D. Martinson

CMSI Notes

Introduction:
Today, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) owns the world’s largest fleet of blue-water marine scientific research vessels. While their operations are largely concentrated in the Western Pacific, an increasing number are reaching across the globe—from the Indian Ocean to the Arctic, and even the Western Hemisphere. In fact, as of this writing the Chinese research ship Tansuo 1, with its deep-sea manned submersible aboard, is operating in the Atacama Trench off the coast of northern Chile.

Key Takeaways:

• China’s marine scientific research fleet is expanding its operations around the world, including the Western hemisphere. Presently, a Chinese …

Allepichian Aldrich V. Attorney General United States Of America

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Challenges And Opportunities In Lentivirus Viral Vector Manufacturing For In Vivo Applications, Eduardo Barbieri, Caryn Heldt

Michigan Tech Publications

The clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies has revolutionized oncology, yet the high costs and logistical complexities of ex vivo manufacturing remain significant barriers to global patient access. In vivo cell therapy, which involves the direct injection of lentiviral vectors (LVVs) to engineer cells within the patient’s body, offers a promising, cost-effective alternative. However, transitioning from ex vivo to in vivo applications necessitates a fundamental shift in LVV biomanufacturing to ensure safety and efficacy. This paper examines the critical bottlenecks in the current LVV production landscape. In upstream processing, we explore LVV particle assembly and maturation mechanisms, …

Allepichian Aldrich V. Attorney General United States Of America

2026 Decisions

USDC for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania

Key Strategies To Entrepreneurial Sustainability In The Information And Communications Industry, Agabi Godwin Onugba

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Many businesses in the information and communications industry fail within the first 5 years, yet the existing empirical research has not sufficiently explained how surviving businesses achieve long-term sustainability. Startup business leaders are concerned about the high failure rate and the lack of evidence-based strategies that support sustained operations beyond 5 years. Grounded in Porter’s five forces theory, the purpose of this qualitative pragmatic inquiry project was to identify and explore successful strategies that information and communications industry startup business leaders use for long-term business sustainability beyond 5 years. Purposeful sampling was employed to select six startup leaders in the …

Agentic Ai Framework For Semantic Transaction Data Compression And Retrieval, Palakh Shangle

Defensive Publications Series

The present disclosure relates to the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), in particular to agentic AI framework for semantic transaction data compression and retrieval. The disclosed system comprises a plurality of AI agents, including an ingest agent, a selector agent, an encoder agent, a retriever agent and a governance agent, collectively configured to process large volumes of transaction records generated by electronic payment networks. In operation, transaction records are ingested, normalized, and analyzed to dynamically determine an appropriate compression policy based on storage efficiency, semantic fidelity and retrieval latency. Compressed transaction data is stored in an object storage system along …

Pipelined Execution Of Attention And Feed-Forward Network Operations On Heterogeneous Cores For Llm Decode Acceleration, N/A

Defensive Publications Series

The technology described in this paper relates to maximization of resource utilization for transformer based large language models (LLMs), specifically during an autoregressive decode phase. For the decode phase, each layer of a transformer model is primarily composed of two distinct computational blocks, an attention operator block and a feed-forward network (FFN) operator block. The attention operator block is overwhelmingly memory-bandwidth bound. In contrast, the FFN operator block is largely compute-bound, and the computations are dominated by large dense matrix multiplications. A chip architecture may be provided that contains at least two types of specialized co-located cores, a first core …

Mapping The Mechanism For Trade Dispute Resolution In The Bilateral Free Trade Agreement Between Indonesia And Partner Countries, Garuda Wiko, Fatma Muthia Kinanti

Indonesian Journal of International Law

Indonesia actively promotes international trade liberalization through various free trade agreements (FTAs) with partner nations. This study focuses on the dispute settlement mechanisms (DSM) within Indonesia’s bilateral FTAs, given that most partners are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO), making this relevant comparison. The research is divided into three main parts: explaining international trade dispute settlement mechanisms, mapping DSMs in Indonesia’s FTAs, and a comparative analysis. It aims to answer how dispute settlement mechanisms are structured in Indonesia’s bilateral FTAs. Based on the mapping, it is found that the majority of Indonesia’s bilateral FTAs align with WTO dispute resolution …

Divorce Of International Mixed Marriage And Marriage Held Abroad And Indonesian Private International Law, Tiurma M. Pitta Allagan

Indonesian Journal of International Law

The unstoppable tide of globalism not only brings an increasing commercial interconnectivity between nations, but also bonds of matrimony, and in turn, the chance of divorce. Indonesian courts entertaining international divorce cases is certainly not a rarity, neither divorce of the international mixed marriage nor the marriage that was held abroad. With two recent divorce cases having a foreign element, Indonesian courts declared having no jurisdiction under grounds of “litis pendentie” and forum non-convenience, including one by the Indonesian Supreme Court. In three other cases, the courts, after addressing the preliminary question of marriage, applied the “lex fori”, or Indonesian …

Emergency War Arrangements In Asean: A Comparative Analysis, Ardi Susanto, Qurrata Ayuni

Indonesian Journal of International Law

The Hague Conventions include a general participation clause and is regarded as customary international law, meaning that ASEAN countries are considered bound by the norms contained within the convention. The declaration of war as stated in the Hague Convention III of 1907 was adopted in Article 11 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, which, to date, has not provided further regulations governing the implementation of legislative and executive powers concerning the declaration of war. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the constitutional arrangements for the state of war in ASEAN countries through comparative law …

Legal Implications Of The Mauritius V Maldives Case On The Delimitation Of Archipelagic States, Aishath Ruhsha Nasheed, Mohd Hisham Mohd Kamal

Indonesian Journal of International Law

Maritime boundary delimitation is a complex field of international law characterized by uncertainty and unpredictability. Historically, States have relied on case law to develop and elaborate on the ambiguous provisions stipulated under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) concerning maritime boundary delimitation. However, case law related to the maritime delimitation of archipelagic States is limited, leading to conflicting interpretations of the basic principles of maritime delimitation in the context of archipelagic States. This paper aims to examine the legal implications of the latest Mauritius v. Maldives case on the maritime boundary delimitation of archipelagic States. …

The Structural Obligations Approach To Human Rights, David Birchall

Indonesian Journal of International Law

This paper starts from the observations that access to socio-economic rights is retrogressing in many wealthy states and that human rights argumentation is failing to address the causes of this retrogression. The paper locates a core reason for this failure in an imbalance between narrow but forceful claim rights and inclusive but imprecise structural approaches. It builds a form of rights practice that merges the strength of each approach. It is predicated on five key principles: structural obligations should identify discrete rights-based problems that engender specific obligations upon feasibly obligated duty-bearers to make practicable changes to conduct to realise rights …

The Poor People's Campaign, Peter S. Beagle

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Skin Deep, Megan Foss

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

A Way To Make Some Money, Lea Simonds

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Conjurer's Profession, Lester Goran

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Soul In A Bottle, Madison Smartt Bell

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Soul In A Bottle, Madison Smartt Bell

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Connecting With People, Not Problems: A Wellness Approach To Primary Care, Nikita Jaiswal, Gloria Kim, Stephanie Omer, Francine Holguin, Anthony Fleg

HSC Education Days

No abstract provided.

Thoughtprints, James Glanz

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Perspectivo Scientifico Or, Where The Rays Convene, I Fix A Point, Susan L. Rose

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Cover To Cover: Reviews Of New Books, Amy Boaz, Diane Hume George, Laurie Graham, Lea Simonds, Kathleen Veslany

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

In Search Of Alice Walker, Or, Alice Doesn’T Live Here Anymore, Valerie Boyd

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

The Old Sort: Of Connemaras & Sweet Corn, Caroline Nesbitt

Creative Nonfiction Magazine

No abstract provided.

Robust 10 Gbps Fso Communication And Up To 70db/Km High-Fidelity Psk Modulation Under Diverse Atmospheric Turbulence, Raghad Zuhair Yousif, Soran Salah Fareeq Aldawoodi, Sirwan Kareem Jalal, Sevan H. Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work introduces a free-space optical (FSO) communication system engineered to operate effectively under diverse atmospheric conditions, specifically addressing attenuation levels of 20, 30, 40, and 70 dB/km at a stable data rate of 10 Gbps. The proposed architecture utilizes advanced Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, combined with a 60 dBm continuous-wave laser, a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM), and optical amplifiers with 20 dB gain, to ensure signals can be transmitted through challenging atmospheric channels. The model performs quite well, even in diverse conditions, and remains effective when the signal is 70 dB/Km weaker. It has a Q-factor of approximately 10.069 …