Digital Commons Network^™

A Judicially Manageable Test To Restore Accountability, David Schoenbrod

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

The Exclusion Of Public Legal Education From Mandatory And Aspirational State Pro Bono Service Requirements, Amy Wallace

Articles & Chapters

Pro bono service is embedded in legal education and practice. Every year, lawyers and law students across the United States engage in countless hours of pro bono service. There are over 1.3 million lawyers in the country and more than one hundred thousand law students enrolled in law school. Lawyers perform an average of thirty-seven hours of pro bono work each year. They reference several factors that motivate them to perform this work but the desire to help people in need ranks highest. Professional duty is also listed as an important factor for lawyers choosing to perform pro bono work. …

Private And Public Sector Models For Entrepreneur, Small Business Owner, And Investor Immigration Pathways, Shane Dizon

Articles & Chapters

No abstract provided.

Organizational Cultural Strength As The Negative Cross-Entropy Of Mindshare: A Measure Based On Descriptive Text, Arianna Marchetti, Phanish Puranam

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The strength of an organization’s culture is an important property that may have implications for organizational structure, performance, diversity, and inclusion, independent of its content. However, progress on conceptualizing and measuring cultural strength has been restricted so far. We propose a novel measure of an organization’s cultural strength as the negative average cross-entropy of its members’ mindshare distributions, defined on a support comprising a set of firm-specific cultural elements. Using descriptive text data produced by 2.9 million individuals in about 95 thousand US firms from the employee review website Glassdoor.com, we calculate our measure of organizational cultural strength using topic …

The Social Construction Of Language: Identity, Reality, And Trauma In American Composition Courses, Joselyne Campos

All NMU Master's Theses

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the ways in which instructors have the potential to reinforce or disrupt systems of oppression and power in the composition classroom through language, writing, and rhetoric. I draw upon pedagogical and rhetorical theorists, to analyze how language closely interacts with identity and how it impacts an individual's understanding and perception of reality. I consider how texts utilize language to communicate normative citizenship and challenge students' conceptions of the world around them, and how to teach from an anti-racist perspective that incorporates critical pedagogy and does not focus solely on minoritized communities’ trauma …

"What If We're On The Wrong Side?": Police Brutality, Protest, And Player Culpability In Heavy Rain And Detroit: Become Human, Karmann E. Ludwig

All NMU Master's Theses

Choice-based video games have often been called “interactive movies” for their unique position as a genre that lets players craft a unique story by making decisions that alter the game’s narrative. Two well-known examples in this genre, Quantic Dream’s Heavy Rain and Detroit: Become Human, offer a variety of possible story lines and outcomes for players to experience. However, because these two narratives are steeped in themes of police brutality, systemic racism, and protest, the way a player shapes a story does not exist in a relatively “moral-free” vacuum. Rather, the legal and social precedents that are often used to …

The Role Of The European Union In The Promotion Of Western Balkan “Stabilitocracies:” Case Study Of Serbia, Aleksandra Kozovic

Research Papers

In recent years, several regional experts have supported the term “stabilitocracy” to describe the current state of the relationship between the European Union and the Western Balkans, and to depict the autocracies with clear democratic shortcomings who staunchly claim their commitment to democratic reforms. A “stabilitocracy” is believed to represent a significant shortcoming of the EU’s vision to expand the Union and get the former Yugoslav states to maintain peace, align on foreign policy issues and join the European market. Granted, with the exclusion of occasional skirmishes and threatening statements from the regional leaders, after a decade-long war that resulted …

Sex-Specific Effects Of Hatching Order On Nestling Baseline Corticosterone In A Wild Songbird, Madison A. Rittinger, Rachel M. Bowden, Logan A. Sauers, Ryan T. Paitz, Christine J. Poppe, Charles F. Thompson, Scott K. Sakaluk

Faculty Publications – Biological Sciences

Variation in nestling growth and survival is often influenced by hatching order, with first-hatched offspring having an advantage over later-hatched younger siblings. In house wrens (Troglodytes aedon), this effect of hatching order is especially evident in asynchronously hatched broods and can lead to sex-specific differences in the size and condition of nestlings. Females appear to allocate the sex of their offspring across the laying order to capitalize on these differences. We hypothesized that levels of circulating corticosterone, the primary metabolic hormone in birds, mediates these sex-specific effects in nestlings. We predicted that: i) baseline levels of corticosterone in nestlings should …

Angel Babies Ascending To Heaven A Family Saga Of Death Across Cultures, Heidi Riboldi

Undergraduate Honors Theses

This thesis is a microhistory focused on infant death and burial practices in Spain and Argentina at the turn of the twentieth century. The study uses primary sources from biographical journal pages, vital records, and notarial documents. The biographical journal pages are eleven loose pages written by Pablo Montaña that provide information about his family's births, marriages, and deaths, for four generations. Vital records for birth, marriage, and death events were found in the local parish and municipal archives in Cañizo, Spain, and the Catholic Diocese Archive in Zamora, Spain, Archivo Histórico Diocesano de Zamora. Notarial records like wills …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Berberine In The Prevention Of Epidural Fibrosis In Rats: An Experimental Research, Emrah Keskin, Çağhan Tönge, Mustafa Kaya, Emre Işık

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of berberine (BBR) in preventing the development of epidural fibrosis (EF) after lumbar surgery in rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out at the animal laboratory of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Trurkey, between April 2020 and June 2020. A total of 32 Wistar albino female rats underwent laminectomy and were divided into 4 equal groups. Group 1 did not receive any treatment (control group). In group 2, absorbable gelatin sponge was placed at the surgical site. Groups 3 was administered BBR 10 mg/kg and group 4 was administered BBR 60 mg/kg per oral …

Disease-Specific Quality Of Life In Patients With Diabetic Neuropathy, Mushabab Alghamdi, Lukman F. Owolabi, Bappa Adamu, Magaji G. Taura, Abubakar Jibo, Mohammed Almansour, Saeed N. Alaklabi, Mohammed A. Alghamdi, Isa A. Imam, Reda Abdelrazak, Ahmad Rafaat, Muktar H. Aliyu

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To compare health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic neuropathy (DN) (D+N) with patients with DM without DN (D-DN) and healthy participants. To evaluate factors associated with poor HRQoL in patients with DN. Methods: This study included 306 participants residing in Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Patients with DM were screened for DN using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument. Neuropathy severity, disability and HRQoL were determined using the Neuropathy Severity Scale (NSS), the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS), and the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (QOL-DN) tool, respectively. Nerve conduction studies (NCSs) were also performed. Results: …

Nutritional Status And Its Determinants In The Eastern Mediterranean Region. A Review, Emad A. Al-Shameri, Ahmed H. Al-Shahethi, Sharifah W. Wafa

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To review relevant literature on the determinants of the nutritional status of the children below 5 years of age in the Eastern Mediterranean Regional (EMR) countries and investigate the updates related to risk factors associated with malnutrition. Methods: A search of pertinent literature and databases was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases by applying some keywords. Results: From the available literature reviewed, the mean prevalence of underweight, wasting, and stunting of the children below 5 years of age in the EMR were 12.8% (6.4%-22.6%), 7.5% (5.9%-9.4%), and 24.2% (15.6%-35.5%) respectively. The EMR countries like Sudan, Yemen, Libya, …

Utilizing Prams And Healthy People 2020 To Examine Black Women’S Breastfeeding Behavior In Louisiana Prior To The Onset Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Almetra Amayá Granger

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Conference Proceedings: Philippine Physical Therapy Association Convention 2021 Conference Abstracts. Philippine Physical Therapy Association National Convention- Impetus 2021 December 4, 2021

Philippine Journal of Physical Therapy

Conference Proceedings: Philippine Physical Therapy Association Convention 2021 Conference Abstracts. Philippine Physical Therapy Association National Convention- IMPETUS 2021 December 4, 2021.

Private Rights Of Action In Privacy Law, Lauren Henry Scholz

William & Mary Law Review

Many privacy advocates assume that the key to providing individuals with more privacy protection is strengthening the government’s power to directly sanction actors that hurt the privacy interests of citizens. This Article contests the conventional wisdom, arguing that private rights of action are essential for privacy regulation. First, I show how private rights of action make privacy law regimes more effective in general. Private rights of action are the most direct regulatory access point to the private sphere. They leverage private expertise and knowledge, create accountability through discovery, and have expressive value in creating privacy-protective norms. Then to illustrate the …

Substituted Service And The Hague Service Convention, William S. Dodge

William & Mary Law Review

State law plays a surprisingly large role in transnational litigation, and how it defines the applicability of the Hague Service Convention is an important example. In Volkswagenwerk Aktiengesellschaft v. Schlunk, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the Convention does not apply when, under state law, service of process is made within the United States. In Schlunk, Illinois law permitted substituted service on the U.S. subsidiary of a foreign parent company, so the Convention did not apply. This Article looks at substituted service under state law today and when it permits avoidance of the Hague Convention. The Article focuses …

Endorsing After Death, Andrew Gilden

William & Mary Law Review

An endorsement is an act of giving one’s public support to a person, product, service, or cause; accordingly, it might seem impossible for someone to make an endorsement after they have died. Nevertheless, posthumous endorsements have become commonplace in social media marketing and have been increasingly embraced by trademark and unfair competition laws. Entities representing Marilyn Monroe, for example, have successfully brought trademark claims for the unauthorized use of Monroe’s name, have successfully brought false endorsement claims under section 43(a) of the Lanham Act, and regularly have promoted products through the Instagram-verified “@marilynmonroe” page. Marilyn Monroe survives today as a …

Imitators Or Innovators? Comparing Salafi-Jihadist And White Supremacist Attack Planning In The United States, Bennett Clifford, Alexander Meleagrou-Hitchens, Program On Extremism, George Washington University, National Counterterrorism Innovation, Technology, And Education Center

Reports, Projects, and Research

As the threat from white supremacist and Salafi-jihadist extremists to the United States grew in prominence in recent years, the two movements have become the subjects of several comparative studies. These works frequently focus on contrasting their methods of radicalization, recruitment, use of digital communications technologies, and connections to transnational extremist movements, but only a handful concern their methods of planning attacks on American soil. This report seeks to add to this emerging literature by examining what, if any, relationships there are between the tactics and targets chosen by white supremacist and Salafi-jihadist terrorists in America. In doing so, it …

The Troubled Teen Industry And Its Effects: An Oral History, C. Jamie Mater

Inquiry Journal Spring 2022

In 2021, I received a Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) to study the effects of the system I lived in from ages 13 to 16: the troubled teen industry. The troubled teen industry (TTI) consists of thousands of underregulated residential youth treatment facilities. These treatment facilities operate on a for-profit basis and trace their origins back to the 1958 cult Synanon. Many cases of abuse have been reported about these facilities, including deaths. Adolescents are sent into the TTI for anything from truancy to depression to drug addiction. My research focused on gaining first-hand insight into people’s experiences surrounding one …

Reading The Signs Of The Time: Three Voices In The Confessional Lutheran Church As They Relate To Segregation, Racism, And Apartheid In South Africa From 1900–1978, Christoph Dietrich Weber

Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation

Weber, Christoph, Reading the signs of the time: “Three voices in the confessional Lutheran Church to segregation, racism, and apartheid in South Africa from 1900–1978.” Ph.D. diss., Concordia Seminary, 2022. 425 pp.

According to August Vilmar, reading the signs of the times was an essential task of all pastors and theologians. It was a part of their prophetic task to interpret the world and its context with the word of God and to proclaim the voice of the church in law and gospel. The three theologians analyzed in this dissertation: Karl Meister, Hermann Sasse, and Friederich W. Hopf respected Vilmar …

The Traveling Salesman Problem: An Analysis And Comparison Of Metaheuristics And Algorithms, Mason Helmick

Senior Honors Theses

One of the most investigated topics in operations research is the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) and the algorithms that can be used to solve it. Despite its relatively simple formulation, its computational difficulty keeps it and potential solution methods at the forefront of current research. This paper defines and analyzes numerous proposed solutions to the TSP in order to facilitate understanding of the problem. Additionally, the efficiencies of different heuristics are studied and compared to the aforementioned algorithms’ accuracy, as a quick algorithm is often formulated at the expense of an exact solution.

Gratitude To God For Our Own Moral Goodness, Robert J. Hartman

Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers

No abstract provided.

Michelle Panchuk And Michael Rea, Eds., Voices From The Edge: Centering Marginalized Perspectives In Analytic Theology, Alicia Finch

Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers

No abstract provided.

Samuel Lebens, The Principles Of Judaism, Joshua Golding

Faith and Philosophy: Journal of the Society of Christian Philosophers

No abstract provided.

Candidate Genes Modulating Reproductive Timing In Elite Us Soybean Lines Identified In Soybean Alleles Of Arabidopsis Flowering Orthologs With Divergent Latitude Distribution, Nicholas Dietz, Yen On Chan, Andrew Scaboo, George Graef, David Hyten, Mary Happ, Brian Diers, Aaron Lorenz, Dechun Wang, Trupti Joshi, Kristin Bilyeu

Biomedical Sciences

Adaptation of soybean cultivars to the photoperiod in which they are grown is critical for optimizing plant yield. However, despite its importance, only the major loci conferring variation in flowering time and maturity of US soybean have been isolated. By contrast, over 200 genes contributing to floral induction in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana have been described. In this work, putative alleles of a library of soybean orthologs of these Arabidopsis flowering genes were tested for their latitudinal distribution among elite US soybean lines developed in the United States. Furthermore, variants comprising the alleles of genes with significant differences in …

A Sheep In Wolf's Clothing: Assessing The Dangerous, Hidden, And Increasing Defects Of The Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act, David S. Jonas, Erielle Davidson

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

The article critically examines the Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act (INARA) of 2015, arguing that while it was intended to enhance congressional oversight of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) and other agreements with Iran, INARA falls short of its goals. The analysis reveals that INARA is poorly drafted, lacks teeth, and fails to provide meaningful transparency or checks on executive power, ultimately undermining Congress's role in national security matters.

Getting To Phi: The Case For Excusatory Derogations From Iccpr Rights, Benjamen F. Gussen

Cardozo International & Comparative Law Review

This Article highlights the need for excusatory derogations from human rights. Currently, there is exclusive reliance on justification when upholding derogations from International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ("ICCPR ) rights. In contrast, an excusatory derogation accentuates the requisite international policy intervention to assist national and subnational governments toward a proportional response to public emergencies. The right to mobility under the ICCPR, and its renditions in the constitutions of Australia and Canada, are used to illustrate this proposition. Border closures in response to the coronavirus pandemic provide context to elucidate how different types of public emergencies dictate different approaches …

The Rise Of An Eco-Spiritual Imaginary: Ecology And Spirituality As Decolonial Protest In Contemporary Multi-Ethnic American Literature, Andrew Michael Spencer

English Theses and Dissertations

The Rise of an Eco-Spiritual Imaginary reveals a shared ecological aesthetic among contemporary U.S. ethnic writers whose novels communicate a decolonial spiritual reverence for the earth. This shared narrative focus challenges white settler colonial mythologies of manifest destiny and American exceptionalism to instantiate new ways of imagining community across socially constructed boundaries of time, space, nation, race, and species. The eco-spiritual imaginary—by which I mean a shared reverence for the ecological interconnection between all living beings—articulates a common biological origin and sacredness of all life that transcends racial difference while remaining grounded in local ethnicities and bioregions. The novelists representing …

Physiological Responses To Hypoxia In Juvenile Flatfishes, Juliana Cornett

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Estuaries serve numerous important ecosystem roles, including providing critical nursery habitat for juvenile fish. However, due to eutrophication and climate change, estuaries experience highly variable dissolved oxygen (DO) levels and hypoxic conditions. Though hypoxia negatively impacts juvenile fish, there are physiological compensatory mechanisms fish may utilize to mitigate its effects. This study examines the effects of hypoxia on two ecologically and economically important flatfish species in Elkhorn Slough on California’s central coast: juvenile English sole, Parophrys vetulus, and juvenile speckled sanddabs, Citharichthys stigmaeus. I measured metabolic rate, ventilation rate, and hematocrit, as well as biochemical indicators of hypoxia …

No Hiding From Justice: Universal Jurisdiction In Domestic Courts, Heidi R. Gilchrist

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.