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Advances In Breeding Apomictic Brachiaria In Tropical America, J W. Miles, C B. Do Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Prior to 1988 Brachiaria improvement was based exclusively on the collection, introduction, and evaluation of natural germplasm from Africa. Breeding programs in Brachiaria have been possible only in the past 10 years with the creation of a sexual, tetraploid B. ruziziensis cross-compatible with B. decumbens and B. brizantha. Applied Brachiaria breeding projects are underway both in Colombia (International Center for Tropical Agriculture, CIAT) and Brazil (National Centre for Beef Cattle Research - Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research, CNPGC/EMBRAPA). These seek to combine the broad edaphic adaptation and other desirable agronomic attributes of B. decumbens cv. Basilisk with spittlebug resistance. An …

Evaluating Cultivars Of Subterranean Clover In Monoculture Or With Perennial Ryegrass, K F.M. Reed, S G. Clark, W M. Feely

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Over four years, sowing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) with a range of subterranean clover (“sub clover”, Trifolium subterraneum) cultivars was found to reduce the yield of clover per se by 31% and increase pasture yield by 11%. For one high-producing experimental variety, the presence of grass did not reduce clover yield (P<0.001). Clover yield in monoculture plots was poorly correlated with that measured in mixed swards (r = 0.44), but clover yield (± grass) was correlated with total herbage yield (r = 0.94). Clover seed yield was not reduced by the presence of grass. However, in year 2 - but not in the establishment year - grass reduced seed weight. Irrespective of grass treatment, the new late maturing cultivar, Leura outyielded the other commercial cultivars (P<0.05). Enfield and Enfield x Daliak crosses set the most seed and regenerated with a greater density than other cultivars (P<0.05) - apart from Leura. It was concluded that the winter-active, late maturing cultivar, Leura, will compete most successfully with perennial ryegrass.

Gene Flow In Medicago Through Somatic Hybridization, S Arcioni, F Crea, O Calderini, F Damiani, P D. Cluster, F Pupilli

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this research was the characterization at both molecular and phenotypic level of three somatic hybrid plants obtained by electrofusion of protoplasts of Medicago sativa with those of M.coerulea, M.falcata and M.arborea, three Medicago species in a different relation with alfalfa. Different kinds of rearrangements including the amplification of new spacer-length variants were detected at rDNA loci in the somatic hybrids. Analysis of field performances confirmed the suitability of these plants for breeding purposes.

Ssr- And Rapd Analysis Of A New Agropyron Repens Genotype, G Gyulai, H Ohm, I Dweikat, E Kiss, H Sharma, J Janovszky, L Heszky

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

SSR-(single sequence repeat), and RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) primer generated DNA fingerprints were used to distinguish a new genotype of quackgrass from its original type of Agropyron repenes L. Beauv. (= Elytrigia repens). Products of polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were separated by agarose (AGE) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Although, both kinds of primers were found to be polymorphic, the microsatellite primer with sequence of 5í-AC(GACA)4-3í generated distinguishing fingerprints in the two types of quackgrasses. This result gives genetic evidence for the new genotype of quackgrass.

Screening Ryegrass Cultivars For Aluminium Sensitivity In Nutrient Soluations, F O. Gallardo, S Benavides, R Demanet, F Borie

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objective of this study was to evaluate Al and H+ tolerance of nine ryegrass (Lolium perenne and L. multiflorum) cultivars by growing plants in a mineral solution (pH 4.8 and 6.0 and 0-200 (M Al). Results showed that Yatsyn-1, with a relative root length of 91 was the cultivar least affected by acidity (H+), and Concord ( RRLpH = 58) was the cultivar with the highest H+ sensitivity. In connection with Al-tolerance, Yatsyn-1 and Concord, were the most tolerant cultivars with 88 and 87 RRLAl, respectively whereas Nui and Marathon, were the most sensitive ones, reaching only …

Breeding For Persistence In Lotus Corniculatus, M Rebuffo, N Altier

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The objectives of this study were to develop a more persistent germplasm of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and to evaluate its potential use in Uruguay. Two cycles of phenotypic recurrent selection were done under field conditions. Eight hundred and 1600 spaced plants were established for the first and second cycle of selection. Both nurseries were visually assessed for crown rot, relative growth, plant habit and foliar diseases. The final selection of the breeding population LE 65-56 includes thirty six plants selected from sixteen elite families. This selection was more persistent and productive than the check varieties in plot …

Apomixis And The Reproductive Dynamics Of Eastern Gamagrass Tripsacum Dactyloides L., B Kindiger, C L. Dewald

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies were conducted to determine the reproductive characteristics of Tripsacum, a perennial, native pasture species and to identify methods for breeding agronomically superior cultivars. Reproductive methods and types of individuals generated were evaluated with triploid and hexaploids possessing a novel method for transferring sexual germplasm into apomictic tetraploids and tetraploid germplasm into sexual diploids. Triploids and hexaploids are demonstrated to be useful materials for introgressing and transferring desirable alleles across ploidy levels and reproductive barriers.

Cytogenetical Studies In Range Grasses Of Iran, M Sheidai, A Tavasoli, P Derakhshandeh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cytogenetical and breeding studies of range grasses are in hand. Present article describes preliminary cytogenetical analysis of wheatgrass (Agropyron) and bromegrass (Bromus) taxa (Agropyron trichophorum n = 21, A. pectinoforome n = 21), two different populations of A. repens (n = 28) and Bromus stenostachyus (n = 14). The species varied with regard to chiasma number and distribution. The highest value occurred in A. repens (Mako population). Heterogenity test for the paired samples showed lack of heterogenity for chiasmata indicating homogenity of Agropyron taxa. However a test for ring and rod bivalents showed significant differences …

Direct Selection Response For Stem Rust Resistance In Tall Fescue, R E. Barker, R E. Welty

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Resistance to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. subsp. graminicola Z. Urban.) would be beneficial in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Two cycles of polycross (PX) selection on progenies from thirty-four parent plants (14 forage-types and 20 turf-types) were compared to one cycle of open pollination (OP) followed by one cycle of PX selection using a 2-stage greenhouse screening process. Response from selection was determined from composite half-sib progenies from each cycle. Number of plants with resistant reaction based on pustule type increased from 5 to 54% in the PX forage-type population and from 6 to 50% …

Assessment Of Grazing Procedures In The Evaluation Of Plant Breeding Material, D Real, I L. Gordon, J Hodgson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Four stocking densities (2, 3, 5 and 9 sheep/18 m2 for one hour) and two times of grazing (morning or evening) were imposed on a spaced plant nursery of nine red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) populations of varying growth habit, in order to optimize measurement of sheep grazing preference. Plant height, spread and leafiness were measured before and after each of three grazings. Sheep preference was viewed multivariately, using combined measurements of these plant characteristics. MANOVA revealed that the effect of stocking density was significant (P-0.05), but that of time of grazing was not. The plant, population and overall …

Developing Well Adapted Early To Midseason Cultivars Of Trifoiloum Subterraneum Ssp. Brachycalycinum, C T. De Koning, P G.H. Nichols, R L. Tuckwell, N Schubert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Development and selection of early to midseason cultivars of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) ssp. brachycalycinum has mostly involved the use of early generation selection nursery swards (F2-progeny method). Four sites were sown in the mid-North region of South Australia. At the end of 1995, the top 20 lines from each site had burrs (seed pods) sampled at random. The burr will proceed into the final early generation selection phase (1 - 2 years). Dependent on the site, many lines have out-performed the standard checkplot cultivar, Clare. High hardseed levels have also been incorporated into 1989 crossbreds.

Regeneration Of Somatic Hybrids Between Festuca Arundinacea Var. Glacescens And Lolium Multiflorum Lam., T Sasaki, T Hasegawa, S Ueda

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Protoplasts derived from ten suspension cultures of tetraploid Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens (2n = 4x = 28) and diploid Lolium multiflorum Lam. (2n = 2x =14) were fused to produce somatic hybrids. Regenerated green plants in three fusion combinations were identified as somatic hybrids because they showed characters that were peculiar to both Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens (hairs on auricle) and Lolium multiflorum Lam. (root-fluorescence). Moreover, the hybrids also had a chromosome number of about forty two.

Breeding Morphogenetic Traits To Match Genotypes To Their Utilization, L Hazard, M Betin, M Ghesquiere

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A divergent selection for lamina length was done from natural populations of perennial ryegrass. Tested in a multi-site experiment in France, the short-leaved perennial ryegrass was more productive under simulated grazing and less productive under infrequent cutting than the long-leaved perennial ryegrass. Matching cultivars to their management is possible by selecting for morphogenetic traits. However, our results suggest the range of adaptation to different managements of perennial ryegrass cultivars could be extended by increasing their phenotypic plasticity.

Improving Forage Productivity By Using Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Of Pearl Millet, A A. Younis, A H. Belal

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fourteen forage millet hybrids were produced by crossing 7 male fertile lines to 2 different lines of dwarf cytoplasmic male sterile (cms) lines of forage millet (Pennisetum americanum). Hybrids were evaluated with their male parents at the Giza experimental station in summer 1994. The evaluations included fodder yield traits and chemical composition. The objectives of the study were: 1 - to assess hybrid vigor, and 2 - to select the superior hybrids to be used in commercial production in Egypt. Present results showed that the 14 F1 hybrids and their male parents varied significantly in green and dry …

Protogynous Interval In Elephantgrass (Pennisetum Purpureum Schum.), A V. Pereira, R B. Barra, J C. Abreu, V De P. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A study was carried out to examine the protogyny duration in elephantgrass inflorescences. Nine accessions were selected, divided into three groups, according to early, intermediate or late flowering. From each cultivar, 10 panicles were sampled for evaluation. The criterion for estimating the duration of protogyny was the time interval (number of days) from the first visual detection of exserted stigmas up to the first visual appearance of open anthers (±5%). Duration of protogyny averaged 7.43±1.37 d, confirming that the species is protoginous. Late flowering accessions exhibited an average of 8.97 d for the duration of protogyny, which was significantly higher …

Evolution In Segregating Genotype Mixtures Of Subterranean Clover, P.G. H. Nichols, P S. Cocks

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A complex segregating mixture of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), was sown in 1978 at Nabawa and Mt Barker, two contrasting sites in Western Australia. Seed harvested from both sites from 1980-1994 was grown out at Shenton Park in 1995, along with seed of the original mixture. Populations diverged markedly for mean days to first flowering (DFF) within three seasons. No further trends in mean DFF occurred in plants derived from the next 14 years, although standard deviation declined significantly in plants from Mt Barker. Between season differences in mean DFF were correlated with estimated growing season length at …

Prediction Of Seed Yield Of Festuca X Lolium Hybrids From The Nursery Mother Plants, C Mousset, L Hazard, M Ghesquiere

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In order to develop commercial Festuca x Lolium hybrids, their seed production has to be improved. Seed yields of Festuca x Lolium progenies were assessed in dense plots. Prediction of those seed yields was based on the morphological observations done on spaced plants in the nursery of both mother plants and their progenies. The best prediction of the progeny seed yields is a linear regression on the stem density and the seed weight per inflorescence assessed on the mother plants.

Use Of Flow Cytometer In Breeding Festuca X Lolium Hybrids, M C. Kerlan, M Ghesquiere

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ploidy in various generic Lolium - Festuca progenies were assessed by flow cytometry and compared to conventional chromosome counting. In non-segregating triploid and tetraploid progenies, the cytometer estimated so accurately the level of plant ploidy that chromosomes counting would be no use. In segregant progenies, all the tetraploid plants according to the cytometer had effectively 28 chromosomes. Among the triploid and pentaploid plants detected by the cytometer, 40% of the plants were tetraploid. They represented only 29% of the progeny which must be counted. The flow cytometry can be used in routine interspecific breeding programmes. Conventional chromosome counting should be …

Persistency In Lolium X Festuca Hybrid Derivatives And Its Relationships With Flowering Traits, M Ghesquiere, C Mousset

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using amphiploid and backcrossed derivatives of Italian ryegrass x tall fescue hybrids, the paper emphasizes the interest of introgression vs amphiploidization in breeding for specific traits such as persistency or seed production from tall fescue or ryegrass resp. Persistency in amphiploid and Lolium-introgressed progenies were assessed in nursery together with variation of flowering traits. Persistency was found lower, on average, in introgressed progenies than in hybrid progenies but with enlarged variability within progeny suggesting possible advantageous rearrangements of fescue chromosomes. Although significantly associated, persistency in both populations was only very little affected by the variations in flowering traits such …

Field Evaluation Of Crown Rust In Annual Ryegrass Populations, G M. Prine

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Crown rust (Puccinia coronata [Pers.] Cda.) is the most prevalent disease found on annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) of the southeastern USA. Determination of crown rust resistance is difficult because of the erratic nature of infections at most locations. As crown rust is present at Gainesville, FL each year, a rust nursery was designed to evaluate rust resistance and susceptibility of annual ryegrass. Evaluation consists of periodic rust ratings of the seed crop and regrowth of part of each plot after cutting. Nursery results indicate the buildup of rust, including at the date of 90% heading (start of …

Selection Of Interspecific Hybrids Of Brachiaria-A Tropical Forage Grass, C B. Do Valle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of the breeding program at the National Beef Cattle Research Center (CNPGC) of the Brazilian Corporation for Agricultural Research (EMBRAPA), is to produce vigorous apomictic hybrids with wide edaphic adaptation, good production and nutritive value combined with spittlebug (Homoptera:Cercopidea) resistance. Fiftysix superior hybrids were selected based on visual estimates of vigor, leafiness, tolerance to drought and natural spittlebug infestation in the field. These were characterized for mode of reproduction, spittlebug reaction under controlled conditions and for morphological diversity using nine selected traits. Multivariate analysis classified the population into seven groups where the hybrids were clearly intermediate in plant …

Mitochondrial Genome Polymorphism In Lolium Perenne, Y Shimamoto, Y Tominaga, M Sato, T Mikami

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were investigated to elucidate the genetic relatedness among the 128 cultivars including diploid and tetraploid. Many patterns of RFLPs were observed and allowed assigning of the cultivars into the main eight haplotypes of mitochondrial genome relatedness. The American cultivars were classified into haplotype I and VIII which were remote at the mitochondrial genome from each other, the European ones were distributed to all haplotypes and the tetraploid ones were mostly assigned into the haplotype V. The assessment of mtDNA RFLPs may be a …

Inbreeding Of Some Populations In The Genus Agrostis L., Zorica Tomic, Gordana Surlan Momirovic, Dusica Delic, S Ostojic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This work presents some properties on produced inbred lines of the 5 best populations of 4 species of Agrostis for breeding purposes. The cultivars of forage grasses should meet a given aim for selection, which is the increasing dry matter and quality. The populations used in this research were the best ones for morphological and productive properties from a previous study. By the process of selfing there have been produced S1 offsprings which appeared to be quite superior in relation to open pollinated offspring from the mother plants. The obtained results were processed by multiple range regression analyses. According to …

The Effect Of Abscisic Acid On The Freezing Tolerance In Lolium Temulentum L., K Tase, H Fujii

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study was conducted to clarify the effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on the development of freezing tolerance in Lolium temulentum L. We compared the changes of freezing tolerance and endogenous ABA content by the ABA treatment with those by the hardening treatment. Exogenous ABA applications (7.5 x 10-5 M) increased freezing tolerance, but did not completely substitute for the hardening process. This treatment resulted in great increase in endogenous ABA content, as compared with the control or the hardening treatment. Since the relationship between endogenous ABA content and freezing tolerance was not parallel, it is considered that freezing tolerance …

Characterization Of Anti-Cancer Properties Of Fungal Metabolite Ophiobolin A, Asma Syed, Rozena Shirvani, Maximiliano Arath Morales, Shizue Mito, Alexander Kornienko, Xiaoqian Fang

Research Symposium

Background: Ophiobolin A (Oph A) is a secondary metabolite and a phytotoxin produced by the pathogenic fungi Cochliobolus heterostrophus that causes “southern corn leaf blight” disease in maize via modulation of the calcium binding protein calmodulin. Numerous studies have found antiproliferative effects of Ophiobolin A against a variety of cells including bacteria and various cancers including melanoma, glioma and leukemia. Recent studies have shown that OphA induces paraptosis-like cell death in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells via vacuolization of the cytoplasm and enlargement of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Notably, unlike apoptosis, paraptosis cell death lacks DNA fragmentation and activation …

Getting Out And Getting In: Assets And Barriers To Transitioning From Foster Care To Higher Education, Stacie K. Pettit, Ann Digirolamo

National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference

Students in foster care have lower rates of college entry than same-grade peers. This presentation will share results on perceived barriers and facilitators to pursuing post-secondary education among youth and caregivers involved in foster care, sharing relevant resources and policies available to assist youth and families.

Circular Gene Mapping Of Identified Amr Genes In Multi-Drug Resistant Escherichia Coli Isolated From Potable Water, Shikha Sharma, Abhishek Chauhan, Tanu Jindal, Vivek Narayan Singh, Anuj Ranjan

Research Symposium

Background: Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative & facultative anaerobe bacterium ubiquitously found in all environments. It is a waterborne and foodborne pathogen associated with many diarrhoea and GI tract diseases inclusive of UTIs in humans. The rise in the number of bacteria resistant to antimicrobial drugs has a major impact on disease control efforts. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria can be found in a variety of water sources. As a result, the objective of the current study is to construct a circular AMR gene map based on the assessment of the antibiotic susceptibility profiling of E. coli isolated from twenty various potable water …

Evaluation Of Ergosterol And Its Metabolites As Lxr Agonists And Their Anticancer Potential In Colon Cancer, Yogain Taank, Navneet Agnihotri

Research Symposium

Purpose: Aberrant cholesterol homeostasis is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer and implicated in metastasis and chemotherapeutic resistance, the two major causes of cancer associated mortality. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are the key transcription factors that induce cholesterol efflux via enhancing the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1.

Methods: Molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies were done to assess the binding affinity and stability of the receptor ligand complexes. Activation of LXRs was evaluated using the luciferase reporter assay. qRT-PCR and western blotting was done to analyse the mRNA and protein expression of cholesterol homeostasis genes. Flow cytometric analysis was carried out …

A Review Of The Beginnings Of ‘Metamodernism’ In Relation To Other Movements: Are We Ready?, Alla Al Omari, Noor Awawdeh

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

Postmodernism is giving way to its last breath and critical theory has several alternatives to delve into. One of the interesting theories that has a promising future to take the critical scene is metamodernism. The study aimed to give a brief introduction about metamodernism in terms of beginnings and its relation to other movements of the same period. Since metamodernism is not the only critical theory that examines cultural attitudes, we are supposed to ask whether it is distinct from other theories or whether it is comprehensive and accurately captures the spirit of the era. These two become the main …

مستويات الغبار المتراكم والعالق في مدينة سكاكا بالمملكة العربية السعودية, بشير جرار, نايف المعيقل, جميلة ميريان

Jerash for Research and Studies Journal مجلة جرش للبحوث والدراسات

تقع مدينة سكاكا، العاصمة الإدارية لمنطقة الجوف في شمال المملكة العربية السعودية، على الطرف الشمالي لصحراء النفوذ في الجزء الأوسط من شمال المملكة. ولا تتوفر أي بيانات أو معلومات عن مستويات الغبار المتراكم أو العالق في مدينة سكاكا. شملت هذه الدراسة تحديد لمستويات الغبار المتراكم باستخدام وعاء الغبار المتراكم العياري ومستويات الغبار العالق باستخدام جهاز جامع الجسيمات والغازات. وكما تم تحديد المحتوى الكيميائي ومستويات التراكيز الكيمائية في هذه الأغبرة وما تحمله من مكونات بيولوجية لا سيما الميكروبية والفطرية وأخرى غيرها. تراوحت مستويات الغبار المتراكم في مدينة سكاكا ما بين 13.5-278.8 طن/كم²/للشهر وبمعدل 98.3 طن/كم²/للشهر (1179.6 طن/كم …