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Evaluation Of Land Resilience Against Natural Disasters Using Ecosystem Services Approach In Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, La Ode Restele, Fitra Saleh, L. M. Iradat, Jufri Karim, Noor Husna Khairisa

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Kendari City has multiple disasters hazard, especially floods and landslides. Consequently, the city requires systematic preventive efforts to minimize the potential disaster risk. This study aims to create a spatial model to determine the resilience of the land against floods and landslides with an ecosystem services approach. We used Sentinel-2 and DEMNAS (National Digital Elevation Model of Indonesia) as our primary data collection tools. Sentinel-2 was used to compile land use maps, and DEMNAS was the basis for compiling landform maps. The integration of the two was carried out by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). The results showed that 8,259.98 …

Automatic Geographic Information System Algorithm For Temporal Mangrove Observation: A Case Study In Gopek Beach, North Banten, Della Ayu Lestari, Willdan Aprizal Arifin, Novi Sofia Fitriasari, Taufiq Ejaz Ahmad, Amien Rais, Dhea Rahma Azhari

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Temporal observation is a series of processes started by collecting the necessary data, which is then processed, so that valid information is obtained to support the right decision. To increase the ease of data collection, an automatic algorithm is needed to increase efficiency, shorten the time, and reduce the required resources. The automatic algorithm based on the geographic information system developed in this study was applied to monitoring mangrove forests in Gopek Beach, located on the north coast of Serang, Banten. Using the cloud computing process from an automatic algorithm, the results of vegetation monitoring showed increased efficiency in time …

Effects Of Service-Learning With One Movement For A Nature Program On Senior High School Students Pro-Environmental Behaviors, Fathul Bari, Sumarmi Sumarmi, I Komang Astina

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

This study aims to determine the effect of the service-learning model using one movement for nature activities on students' pro-environmental attitudes. The design used in this study was quasi-experimental. This research was carried out at State Senior High School 1 Tanjung Bumi Madura in class XI IPS 2 as a control class and XI IPS 3 as an experimental class. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS 24.0 application. The results of the normality test suggested that the data were not normally distributed, therefore, the calculation was carried out using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Based on the results of the …

Crossover Of Supervisors' Perceptions Of Co-Worker Support To Employees' Well-Being, Shalene Joyce Allen

Dissertations and Theses

This study expands scholarly understanding of the positive impact of supervisors' perceptions of support on employee work-family and well-being experiences. Specifically, this study examines the role of resource-based positive crossover from supervisors' perceptions of co-worker support behavior to their employees. The current research draws on Systems Theory to understand the context, Conservation of Resources Theory to understand the type of resource purported to position individual resource gains, and crossover-spillover theory to understand the process through which resources crossover from supervisor to employee. Based on prior theory, this dissertation investigates a positive crossover effect of supervisors' perceptions of co-worker support at …

From Viral Rumors To Fact-Checked Information: The Influence Of Social Media Platforms And Fact-Checking Organizations On Public Trust During The Covid-19 Crisis, Chinyere Linda Agbasiere

Theses and Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic not only disseminated a viral health threat worldwide but highlighted the rapid spread of misinformation, commonly called an "infodemic." This study investigates the influence of social media and fact-checking organizations in shaping public trust and information consumption during the pandemic. Utilizing a mixed-method approach of surveys and interviews, I analyzed 9 interviews. The interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006) and Owen's (1984) principles of recurrence, repetition, and forcefulness, and three main themes were developed inductively. The findings reveal that while social media was a primary source of information, it also served as a …

Editorial: Interaction And Dynamics Of Biological Molecules, Mohana Priya Arumugam, Umashankar Vetrivel, Jeyakanthan Jeyaraman, Subhash Chauhan, Jayakanthan Mannu

School of Medicine Publications

No abstract provided.

Unveiling Novel Genetic Variants In 370 Challenging Medically Relevant Genes Using The Long Read Sequencing Data Of 41 Samples From 19 Global Populations, Yanfeng Ji, Junfan Zhao, Jiao Gong, Fritz J Sedlazeck, Shaohua Fan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: A large number of challenging medically relevant genes (CMRGs) are situated in complex or highly repetitive regions of the human genome, hindering comprehensive characterization of genetic variants using next-generation sequencing technologies. In this study, we employed long-read sequencing technology, extensively utilized in studying complex genomic regions, to characterize genetic alterations, including short variants (single nucleotide variants and short insertions and deletions) and copy number variations, in 370 CMRGs across 41 individuals from 19 global populations.

Results: Our analysis revealed high levels of genetic variants in CMRGs, with 68.73% exhibiting copy number variations and 65.20% containing short variants that may …

Broadcasters, Receivers, Functional Groups Of Metabolites, And The Link To Heart Failure By Revealing Metabolomic Network Connectivity, Azam Yazdani, Raul Mendez-Giraldez, Akram Yazdani, Rui-Sheng Wang, Daniel J Schaid, Sek Won Kong, M Reza Hadi, Ahmad Samiei, Esmat Samiei, Clemens Wittenbecher, Jessica Lasky-Su, Clary B Clish, Jochen D Muehlschlegel, Francesco Marotta, Joseph Loscalzo, Samia Mora, Daniel I Chasman, Martin G Larson, Sarah H Elsea

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background and objective: Blood-based small molecule metabolites offer easy accessibility and hold significant potential for insights into health processes, the impact of lifestyle, and genetic variation on disease, enabling precise risk prevention. In a prospective study with records of heart failure (HF) incidence, we present metabolite profiling data from individuals without HF at baseline.

Methods: We uncovered the interconnectivity of metabolites using data-driven and causal networks augmented with polygenic factors. Exploring the networks, we identified metabolite broadcasters, receivers, mediators, and subnetworks corresponding to functional classes of metabolites, and provided insights into the link between metabolomic architecture and regulation in health. …

Inactivation Of Bacterial And Viral Indicators In The Secondary Effluent Of Al-Khober Wastewater Treatment Plant With Ozone, Uv-Radiation And Electrochemical Process: A Comparative Study, Muhammad Saleem Dr.

Journal of Engineering Research

Increased use of available water resources necessitates the reuse of treated wastewater at least for irrigation purposes. Generally, pathogenic microorganisms are present in treated wastewater; these pathogens are responsible for spread of many infectious diseases. Disinfection stands out as the pivotal stage in the treatment of effluents during wastewater reuse, crucial for averting the transmission of infectious diseases However, disinfection of wastewater with chlorine may form toxic by-products, a number of which are mutagenic and/or carcinogenic. The aim of present study was to examine the possibility of using three processes, namely; ozonation, UV-radiation, and electrochemical process for disinfection of secondary …

3d Printing Technology: Challenges, And Potentials In Achieving Sustainable Buildings, Sahar Mohamed Abd El Rahman, Sobhy Ibrahim Esmail

Journal of Engineering Research

The utilization of 3D printing technology in building construction has emerged as a promising approach with the potential to revolutionize the industry and significantly impact sustainability. This paper examines the role of 3D printing in building construction and explores its implications for sustainability. Through the ability to fabricate complex designs with precision and efficiency, 3D printing offers advantages such as reduced material waste, lower energy consumption, and decreased carbon emissions. Additionally, the use of locally sourced, recyclable materials combined with the customization capabilities of 3D printing enhances resource efficiency and minimizes environmental impact. Furthermore, the construction process is streamlined, leading …

Securing Body Area Networks With Fingerprint Cryptography And Authentication In Manet, Alaa M. Elbanaa, Roayat Ismail Abdelfatah, Mohamed E. Nasr

Journal of Engineering Research

Standard MANETs face issues like incorrect transmission and vulnerability to unauthorized node access, posing significant security concerns, especially regarding authentication procedures. To address these challenges, researchers are exploring innovative approaches to enhance authentication mechanisms within MANETs. In this paper, we present a novel solution integrating a Body Area Network (BAN) scheme to capture biomedical data from sensors such as ECG and EEG, facilitating data transmission across MANETs. Furthermore, we employ a hybrid Elgamal algorithm for encrypting biomedical data, bolstered by fingerprint biometrics to fortify the cryptographic process, enhancing network security. Additionally, we conduct comparative analyses, exploring different key sizes and …

Prediction Of Noise From A Construction Site, Amira Mostafa Ibrahim Miss, Nashwa Mohamed Yossef Prof, Adel Ibrahim Eldosouky Emeritus Professor

Journal of Engineering Research

Construction activities significantly contribute to environmental noise pollution, affecting workers' health and the surrounding community, posing significant challenges to human well-being and productivity. This paper presents a prediction method and a modelling technique used to assess construction site noise. Various factors influencing noise generation and propagation, such as equipment types, operational conditions, site characteristics, and environmental factors, are discussed. This paper explores the application of Monte Carlo technique as an effective method for predicting construction site noise and planning noise mitigation strategies.

Performance Evaluation Of Electrocoagulation System For Wastewater Treatment, Mohamed Ahmed Reda Hamed Dr

Journal of Engineering Research

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an electrocoagulation reactor (EC) and investigate its efficiency in heavy-polluted industrial wastewater treatment. The electrocoagulation (EC) reactor has been experimentally evaluated using aluminium (Al) electrodes and connected to a direct current power at various applied voltage levels at room temperature in a relatively limited reaction time.

The treatment performance efficiency of the selected dominant EC operating parameter groups: pH, reaction time, inter-electrode distance, and applied voltage was investigated. The results demonstrate that the applied voltage to the electrocoagulation reactor was the most significant factor in pollutant removal. The maximum total suspended …

Survey And Analysis Of Safety Components And Costs In Construction Projects In Egypt, Emad E. Etman Prof., Haytham Sanad Prof., Asmaa Ibrahim Khater

Journal of Engineering Research

The difficulty of determining the factors that achieve safety on Egyptian construction sites as a result of multiple and different criteria and different relative weights of the criteria represents a challenge to achieve safety and a secure environment on construction sites. This issue has been of interest for many decades and continues to be a topic of discussion today because of construction project management is rapidly modernizing. The paper aims to identify the safety standards most commonly used on construction sites, and determine their relative weights as seen by the target audience and also estimate the cost of safety measures …

Spatial Environmental Suitability For The Localization Of Sanitary Waste Landfills In Egypt Using Environmental Information Systems: Applying To Safaga Qism, Wessam Mostafa Emam, Dalia Mahmoud Hassan

Journal of Engineering Research

This research focuses on the application of an environmental information system to help achieve balance and interrelation between the various environmental standards affecting the selection of the site to the sanitary landfill in the touristic Safaga qism of the Red Sea. According to the sustainable development strategy of Egypt’s Vision 2030, the issue of solid waste is one of the most important environmental challenge that faced sustainable development in Egypt. In light of the increasing number of unauthorized dumps of waste that pollute the environment, the Ministry of Environment adopted a national project to establish a network of sanitary landfills, …

What Is Decolonial Trans* Feminism And What Can It Do For Queer/Trans Bipoc Education Research? Reimagining Knowledge And Identity Through The Convergence Of Decolonial And Trans* Feminism, Omi Salas-Santacruz

Journal of Queer and Trans Studies in Education

This paper introduces decolonial trans* feminism, a framework merging decolonial theory with trans* of color feminism to challenge colonial gender oppression. It reimagines knowledge, gender, power, and resistance in educational research for queer/trans BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color) individuals by integrating Indigenous metaphysics, diverse self-ontologies, and spiritual dimensions. The asterisk in trans* feminism symbolizes the fluidity of gender identities, challenging rigid boundaries of thought and colonial norms. Emphasizing the Androgynous Whole, the paper explores how different configurations of knowledge inform gender and serve as sites of coalitional resistance. Engaging with Third World Feminists, it calls for a shift to …

Smokejumper Obituary: Fritz, Arnold William “Bill” (Grangeville 1952), National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper Obituaries

No abstract provided.

Electrospun Ibuprofen-Loaded Blend Pcl/Peo Fibers For Topical Drug Delivery Applications, Diala Bani Mustafa, Tsuyoshi Sakai, Osamu Sato, Mitsuo Ikebe, Shih-Feng Chou

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Electrospun drug-eluting fibers have demonstrated potentials in topical drug delivery applications, where drug releases can be modulated by polymer fiber compositions. In this study, blend fibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) at various compositions were electrospun from 10 wt% of polymer solutions to encapsulate a model drug of ibuprofen (IBP). The results showed that the average polymer solution viscosities determined the electrospinning parameters and the resulting average fiber diameters. Increasing PEO contents in the blend PCL/PEO fibers decreased the average elastic moduli, the average tensile strength, and the average fracture strains, where IBP exhibited a plasticizing effect in …

Social Structural Differences In Qualitative Perspectives On Well-Being, Jennifer Morozink Boylan, Monica Adams, Julia K. Boehm

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Well-being (WB) is associated with healthier and longer lives, more social connections, and workplace success. However, assessment of WB is primarily based on self-report measures. This mixed-methods research examined how diverse adults described the sources of their WB and whether such views differed by education, race, and gender. Data came from midlife and older adults from the Midlife in the United States Study who responded to the question “What do you do to make your life go well?” (N = 2,118; 54% some college or less; 19% Black). We used directed content analysis to develop a codebook comprising 20 …

Genes Related To Frontonasal Malformations Are Regulated By Mir-338-5p, Mir-653-5p, And Mir-374-5p In O9-1 Cells, Chihiro Iwaya, Sunny Yu, Junichi Iwata

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Frontonasal malformations are caused by a failure in the growth of the frontonasal prominence during development. Although genetic studies have identified genes that are crucial for frontonasal development, it remains largely unknown how these genes are regulated during this process. Here, we show that microRNAs, which are short non-coding RNAs capable of targeting their target mRNAs for degradation or silencing their expression, play a crucial role in the regulation of genes related to frontonasal development in mice. Using the Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI) database, we curated a total of 25 mouse genes related to frontonasal malformations, including frontonasal hypoplasia, frontonasal …

Dementia Prevalence And Onchocerca Volvulus Infection Among Rural Elderly Persons In The Ntui Health District, Cameroon: A Population-Based Study, Wepnyu Y. Njamnshi, Joseph N. Siewe Fodjo, Kongnyu Gamnsi Njamnshi, Leonard Ngarka, Michel K. Mengnjo, Leonard N. Nfor, Martine A. F. Tsasse, Gladys Maestre, Jose E. Cavazos, Bernard Fongang

School of Medicine Publications

Recent research suggests that infection with Onchocerca volvulus induces neurocognitive decline. This study sought to compare the cognitive outcomes of elderly persons based on onchocerciasis infection status and report the overall prevalence of dementia in the rural Ntui Health District in Cameroon. A community-based approach was used to recruit 103 participants aged ≥60 years. Dementia screening was done using the Community Screening Interview for Dementia (CSID) tool with a cut-off value of ≤29.5. O. volvulus infection was determined via microscopic examination of skin snips and serological testing of Ov16 antibodies using rapid diagnostic tests. Overall, the prevalence of dementia was …

Promethia 2023-2024

Promethia

No abstract provided.

Hubungan Pendidikan Ibu Dengan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Di Desa Wringinsongo Kecamatan Tumpang Kabupaten Malang, Singgih Susilo, Budijanto Budijanto, Ifan Deffinika

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pendidikan ibu dan pemakaian alat kontrasepsi dengan kondisi fertilitas di Desa Wringinsongo, Kecamatan Tumpang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan sumber data utama berupa data primer yang didukung oleh data sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara terstruktur mencakup informasi mengenai tingkat pendidikan responden dan partisipasi responden dalam penggunaan alat kontrasepsi. Data sekunder dalam penelitian ini seperti publikasi BPS dan juga penelitian-penelitian terdahulu. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Kampung Keluarga Berkualitas (KB) Klasifikasi Mandiri Desa Wringinsongo yang dibentuk oleh Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN). Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep …

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek Terhadap Kemampuan Membuat Produk Daur Ulang Siswa Sma, Dedi Sasmito Utomo

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Penelitian ini memanfaatkan barang bekas terutama sampah plastik. Penentuan topik sampah plastik didasarkan pada fakta bahwa plastik tidak dapat diuraikan sehingga memerlukan metode khusus dalam pengolahannya, yaitu melalui daur ulang (recycle). Pembelajaran berbasis proyek memiliki banyak kelebihan, terutama yang berhubungan dengan pembuatan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis proyek terhadap kemampuan membuat produk daur ulang siswa. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain kelompok kontrol yang tidak setara dengan desain eksperimen semu. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan rubrik penilaian produk. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang sudah dilakukan, ditemukan bahwa nilai signifikansi (sig) adalah 0,001 yang berarti kurang dari 0,05. Artinya terdapat …

Pemetaan Terumbu Karang Dengan Citra Satelit Sentinel-2 Dan Analisis Kondisi Karang Di Kawasan Pantai Pasir Putih, Situbondo Jawa Timur, M. Arif Zainul Fuad, M. Fadilah Nur Ramadhani, Citra Satrya U. Dewi, M. Anwar Fikri, Edo Bagus Herdikusuma

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pasir Putih kabupaten Situbondo, Jawa Timur dengan tujuan untuk memetakan ekosistem terumbu karang dan menganalisis kondisi keanekaragaman karang guna mendukung pembelajaran Geografi pada matakuliah penginderaan jauh. Peta terumbu karang di ekstraksi dari Citra satelit Sentinel-2 dengan menerapkan algoritma koreksi kolom air. Pemetaan area terumbu karang menghasilkan 3 kategori yaitu karang hidup dengan luas 32.860 Ha, karang mati 31.690 Ha, dan pasir 42.670 Ha dengan tingkat sebesar 72,2 persen yang termasuk dalam kategori baik. Pengujian akurasi peta hasil ekstraksi ini menggunakan metode confusion matrix berdasarkan 90 data survei lapangan. Akurasi peta yang dihasilkan ini telah memenuhi standar …

Analysis On The Change Of Runoff Curve Number Influence To Surface Flow Debit Using Alos Avnir-2 Data Imagery, Wenang Anurogo, Kartika Pratiwi, Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis, Mir'atul Khusna Mufida, Luthfiya Ratna Sari, Siti Noor Chayati

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

One part of the hydrologic cycle which has a major influence in increasing the amount of river flow discharge is surface runoff. The higher surface runoff discharge, causing the possibility of surface flooding, therefore required an empirical model that can calculate the amount of surface runoff so as to produce updated data and quickly change according to their needs. One of the empirical methods that can be used to calculate the amount of surface runoff is by using the curve number method. This research is done by utilizing remote sensing image, that is, ALOS AVNIR-2. Data extraction from ALOS imagery …

Development Of Ecological Teaching Book Supplements Based On Local Wisdom, Alif Putra Lestari, Sri Murtini, Bambang Sigit Widodo

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Textbooks are one of the important elements in the learning process that support the achievement of learning objectives, including in ecology courses. Based on the results of the analysis of existing teaching materials, there is no material about local wisdom and teaching materials still contain old material. Meanwhile, in Indonesia there are many local wisdoms that function to protect the environment in the midst of increasingly massive environmental damage and destruction. The material instructor's explanation also knew that currently there was no local wisdom and it was needed, so this was aimed at developing ecology textbook supplements based on local …

Potensi Laboratorium Alam Sumbermanjing Wetan Dalam Pembelajaran Geografi Berbasis Kerja Lapangan (Fieldwork), Alfi Sahrina, Ifan Deffinika

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang menggunakan data sekunder sebagai data utama. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur dari hasil penelitian terdahulu di Kecamatan Sumbermanjing Wetan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sumbermanjing Wetan memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai laboratorium alam dalam konteks pembelajaran geografi. Hal ini didukung oleh kondisi fisik berupa kenampakan bentang alam yang beragam, kondisi sosial dan budaya yang cukup kompleks. Potensi tersebut berupa kondisi geologi dan geomorfologi Sumbermanjing Wetan, geodiversitas dan biodiversitas Pulau Sempu, kondisi sosial dan budaya, serta pariwisata. Selain itu, keberadaan sumber daya alam yang ada di daerah tersebut juga dapat digunakan sebagai kajian dalam melakukan …

Tradisi Anjala Ombong Masyarakat Selayar Dalam Perspektif Geografi, Alfiani Dwi Astuti, Budijanto Budijanto, I Komang Astina

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap keterkaitan antara tradisi Anjala Ombong dengan masyarakat Selayar dalam perspektif geografi yang akan diungkap melalui analisis menggunakan pendekatan keruangan, pendekatan ekologis, dan pendekatan kompleks wilayah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perspektif keruangan dalam tradisi Anjala Ombong tampak pada kekhasan ruang yang dimiliki Muara Sungai Sangkulu–kulu yaitu pada kondisi perairannya meliputi salinitas (22%), kecepatan arus (0,071 m/s), kedalaman perairan (1–1,2 m), dan suhu permukaan (28oC) yang pada bulan Juli–Agustus memiliki kondisi yang sesuai dengan lingkungan hidup juku’ lompa. Perspektif ekologis dalam tradisi Anjala Ombong tampak pada interaksi manusia dengan …

Pemetaan Dan Strategi Kebijakan: Dampak Kerusakan Tanah Untuk Produksi Biomasa Di Kota Depok, Tatan Sukwika, Irman Firmansyah

Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi

Kawasan Depok direncanakan terdapat pemanfaatan ruang yang serasi antara untuk permukiman, kegiatan sosial ekonomi dan upaya konservasi. Pesatnya pertumbuhan kawasan berimplikasi pada kebutuhan lahan, antara lain konversi lahan pertanian. Kawasan yang diindikasi potensi kerusakan tanah tinggi untuk produksi biomassa adalah kecamatan Sawangan. Tujuan kajian penelitian ini adalah pemetaan strategi kebijakan untuk pencegahan kerusakan tanah untuk produksi biomassa. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei pemetaan dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa status kerusakan lahan untuk produksi biomassa adalah kategori sedang dan tinggi. Berdasarkan hirarki alternatif kebijakan terdapat prioritas pengurangan penggunaan pupuk kimia dan penerapan pengapuran sebelum masa tanam. Rekomendasinya, kerusakan tanah …