Digital Commons Network^™

Investigation Of The Status Of Immune Checkpoint Molecules (Pd-L1 And Pd-1) In Meningiomas By Immunohistochemistry, İsmai̇l Saygin, Emel Çakir, Seher Nazli Kazaz, Ali̇ Riza Güverci̇n, İlker Eyüpoğlu, Müşerref Müge Ustaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim : Meningiomas are the most common primary brain tumors of the central nervous system. Immunotherapy is a promising treatment method applied in many types of cancer. There is no standard and effective medical treatment to reduce recurrence and mortality in cases of incomplete resection of meningiomas and in high-grade cases. In order to investigate medical treatments in addition to surgery and radiotherapy, in this study, the status of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1/PD-1), which are the target of immunotherapy, in meningiomas was investigated.Materials and Methods: Four hundred two cases of meningioma diagnosed between 2007 and 2020 in our institution were …

The Sharp Edge Of Immunosuppressive Treatments: Infections, Aybegüm Özşahi̇n, Tuba İlgar, Sudem Mahmutoğlu Çolak, Kübra Akyüz, Meli̇h Gaffar Gözükara, Uğur Kostakoğlu, İlknur Esen Yildiz, Ayşe Ertürk

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background and aim: Different side effects, including infections, are encountered in patients receiving anticytokines used for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this study was to evaluate the infections and the effects of these infections that develop in this patient group. Materials and Methods: This study included 208 patients who were followed-up with the diagnosis of severe COVID-19 in two different hospitals. Patient data were obtained retrospectively from the hospital information system. Results: Of the 208 patients included, 54 were in the anakinra group, and 154 were in the tocilizumab group. Of these patients, 73 …

Effect Of Sex-Specific Abdominal Fat Tissue Composition On Who/Isup Nuclear Grade Of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Eser Bulut, Ali̇ Küpeli̇, Mehmet Aki̇f Ramazanoğlu, Hasan Riza Aydin, İbrahi̇m Si̇bal, Fati̇h Biçaklioğlu, Fati̇h Yildirim, Şenol Adanur, Sali̇h Al

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: To investigate the relationship between sex-related visceral obesity and WHO/ISUP nuclear grade in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC).Materials and methods: Between January 2018 and June 2022, 95 patients (56 men and 39 women) with pathologically proven ccRCC who underwent abdominal computed tomography examination were retrospectively examined. The patients were classified into two groups: low- and high-WHO/ISUP nuclear grade ccRCC (n = 58 and n = 37), respectively. Patient height, weight, body mass index (BMI), sex, age, subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), total fat area (TFA), and percentage of visceral fat (VF%) were recorded for the …

Nnmt Overexpression Is An Adverse Prognostic Factor In Uterine Leiomyosarcoma, Osman Türkmen, Kami̇l Hakan Müftüoğlu, Nazmi̇ye Di̇nçer, Zeli̇ha Esi̇n Çeli̇k, Serra Akar İnan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/Aim: Uterine leiomyosarcomas (uLMS) are extremely rare high-grade tumors with a poor prognosis. Their etiopathogenesis remains largely unknown. The uterus is the most frequent site for LMS. uLMS and uterine leiomyoma (uLM) must frequently be differentiated in patients with a uterine mass. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a cytoplasmic protein, is involved in the progression and spread of a variety of cancer types. The expression of NNMT in a mesenchymal malignancy was not examined previously. This study represents the first investigation into NNMT expression in uLMS, uLM and benign uterine myometrium and correlates NNMT overexpression with worse prognosis in uLMS. Materials/Methods: The …

The Effect Of Wet Cupping Therapy On The Clinical Symptoms Of Adult-Onset Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Abbas Joushan, Hamid Reza Hatami, Khosrow Agin, Hoorieh Mohammadi Kenari, Sajjad Sadeghi, Rasool Choopani

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lungs. Cupping therapy is a traditional method used in Persian medicine for treating various ailments. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of wet cupping therapy (WCT) in patients with mild to moderate asthma. Materials and methods: This is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 103 asthma patients who were referred to Loghman Hakim Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by a pulmonologist based on the patient’s history and clinical examinations. The patients who were treated with common asthma medications were assigned to intervention and control groups. …

The Histological And Biochemical Analysis Of The Effects Of Radiofrequency Radiation On Testis Tissue Of Rats And The Protective Effect Of Melatonin, Armağan Yardim, Bahri̇ye Sirav Aral, Arin Tomruk, Si̇nem Oruç, Kevser Delen, Di̇lek Kuzay Aksoy, Cemi̇le Merve Seymen, Gülnür Take Kaplanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Primarily due to wireless communication devices, especially mobile phones, there has been a steady rise in the intensity of nonionizing radiofrequency radiation (RFR). In recent years, increased human health problems raised concerns about whether there is a positive relationship between intense exposure to RFR and public health. The present study aims to investigate the effects of GSM-like RFR exposure on the male reproductive system and the impact of melatonin treatment (synergistic, antagonist, or additive).Materials and methods: Thirty-six male Wistar Albino rats were used and separated into six groups: i. Control; ii. Sham; iii. RFR exposure; iv. Control-melatonin; v. Sham-melatonin; …

Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorates Memory Dysfunction Via Attenuating Frontal Lobe Oxidative Stress And Apoptosis In Diabetic Rat Model, Ramedhea Laila Afifa An Nur Willya Saputri, Nur Arfian, Junaedy Yunus, Fauziyatul Munawaroh, Sagita Mega Sekar Kencana, Dwi Cayhani Ratna Sari

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Diabetes mellitus, characterized by hyperglycemia, causes various complications, one of which is memory dysfunction. The frontal lobe is known to be responsible for impaired memory function due to hyperglycemia and is associated with oxidative stressmediated neuronal cell apoptosis. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is reported to have neuroprotective effects. However, its effect on the frontal lobe in diabetes mellitus (DM) rats is not widely known. This research aimed to elucidate the effect of CGA on the mRNA expressions of SOD1, SOD2, p53, and Bcl-2 in the frontal lobe of DM rats. Materials and methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (2-month-old, 150–200 gBW) …

Are There Any Concerns About Usage Of Biological Agents In Psoriasis?, Burhan Engi̇n, Eylül Kasapoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Seasonal Patterns In Riverine Carbon Form And Export From A Temperate Forested Watershed In Southeast Alaska, Claire Delbecq, Jason Fellman, Ryan Bellmore, Emily J. Whitney, Eran Hood, Kevin Fitzgerald, Jeffery A. Falke

Faculty, Staff, and Students

Riverine export of carbon (C) is an important part of the global C cycle; however, most riverine C budgets focus on individual forms of C and fail to comprehensively measure both organic and inorganic C species in concert. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted high frequency sampling of multiple C forms, including dissolved organic C (DOC), inorganic carbon (as alkalinity), particulate organic C (POC), coarse particulate organic C (CPOC), and invertebrate biomass C across the main run-off season in a predominantly rain-fed watershed in Southeast Alaska. Streamwater concentrations were used to model daily watershed C export from May through …

Defining Evolution: Exploring Students’ Conceptions Of Evolution In Introductory Biology Courses, Jeremy L. Hsu, Meredith A. Dorner, Kate M. Hill

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Understanding evolution is an important part of undergraduate biology education. Despite its importance, however, students often struggle to understand evolution, often holding preconceived notions of what evolution is. Here, we investigate how students in both majors and non-majors introductory biology define and conceive of evolution at the start of the semester for a two-year college and a four-year university near each other. We analyze open-ended responses to an in-class activity on the first day of the semester that asked students to define evolution, generating insight into how students are thinking of evolution prior to any formal instruction on evolution …

Dataset For Effects Of Outdoor Recreation On Multiple Vertebrate Guilds In A Fragmented Sagebrush-Steppe Ecosystem (2019-2021), Madeline C. Aberg, Stephanie E. Coates, Lucian J. Davis, Benjamin W. Wright, Richard L. Mervin, Jay D. Carlisle

Biological Sciences Data

Outdoor recreational use is growing rapidly in the western United States, which increases the pressure on multiple-use public lands. Balancing recreational use with conservation goals requires considering the spatial and temporal intensity of recreational use and examining its effects on multiple species within an ecosystem. In 2019–2021, we assessed the relationship between recreational intensity and the abundance of a dominant prey species (Piute ground squirrel [Urocitellus mollis]), the abundance of avian and mammalian facultative scavengers that rely on ground squirrels, and the abundance and nesting success of ground-nesting birds at a national conservation area in southwestern Idaho, USA, where recreational …

Prediction Of Inherited Metabolic Disorders Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data With The Help Of Artificial Neural Networks, Pembe Soylu Üstkoyunciu, Nuretti̇n Üstkoyuncu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Tandem mass spectrometry is helpful in diagnosing amino acid metabolism disorders, organic acidemias, and fatty acid oxidation disorders and can provide rapid and accurate diagnosis for inborn errors of metabolism. The aim of this study was to predict inborn errors of metabolism in children with the help of artificial neural networks using tandem mass spectrometry data.Materials and methods: Forty-seven and 13 parameters of tandem mass spectrometry datasets obtained from 2938 different patients were respectively taken into account to train and test the artificial neural networks. Different artificial neural network models were established to obtain better prediction performances. The obtained …

Cover And Contents

Turkish Journal of Biology

No abstract provided.

Anatolian Medicinal Plants As Potential Antiviral Agents: Bridging Traditional Knowledge And Modern Science In The Fight Against Covid-19 And Related Viral Infections, Engi̇n Ti̇lkat, Israt Jahan, Ayşe Hoşer, Alevcan Kaplan, Oğuzhan Özdemi̇r, Ahmet Onay

Turkish Journal of Biology

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the worldwide coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19), often known as the coronavirus pandemic. Since December 2020 however, COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively administered in numerous countries. In addition to new antiviral medications, the treatment regimen also encompasses symptom management. In spite of sustained research efforts, the outbreak remains uncontrolled, with affected patients still lacking proper treatment. Consequently, this review serves as a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners aiming to delve into the yet unexplored potential of Anatolian flora in the fight against COVID-19 and other viral infections. Numerous …

Expressions Of The Satellite Repeat Hsat5 And Transposable Elements Are Implicated In Disease Progression And Survival In Glioma, Sila Naz Köse, Tutku Yaraş, Ahmet Bursali, Yavuz Oktay, Ci̇hangi̇r Yandim, Gökhan Karakülah

Turkish Journal of Biology

The glioma genome encompasses a complex array of dysregulatory events, presenting a formidable challenge in managing this devastating disease. Despite the widespread distribution of repeat and transposable elements across the human genome, their involvement in glioma's molecular pathology and patient survival remains largely unexplored. In this study, we analysed the expression levels of satellite repeats and transposons along with genes in low-grade glioma (LGG) and high-grade glioma (HGG). Endogenous transposable elements LTR5 and HERV_a-int exhibited higher expression in HGG patients, along with immune response-related genes. Altogether, 16 transposable elements were associated with slower progression of disease in LGG patients. Conversely, …

Exploring The Impact Of Diabetes On Aging: Insights From Tert And Col1a1 Methylation, Jessica Nathania Liamry, Farizky Martriano Humardani, Giovani Chandra, Lisa Thalia Mulyanata, Tjie Kok, Fenny Irawati, Hikmawan Wahyu Sulistomo, Christoph Reichetzeder, Sulistyo Emantoko Dwi Putra

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Aging, a multifaceted biological process, leading to diminished physical performance, especially in older adults with diabetes, where a mismatch between biological and chronological age is noticeable. Numerous studies have demonstrated that diabetes accelerates aging at both cellular and organ levels. Notable aging markers are TERT, related to telomere length, and COL1A1, a key component of skin collagen. Additionally, age-related methylation increases, as revealed through methylation analysis, illuminate aspects of aging. However, the detailed interplay between aging and diabetes, particularly regarding methylation, remains underexplored and warrants further study to elucidate their biological links.Materials and methods: In this research, we elucidate …

Bud14 Function Is Crucial For Spindle Pole Body Size Maintenance, Sevi̇lay Müni̇re Gi̇rgi̇n, Ayşe Koca Çaydaşi

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aimSpindle Pole Bodies (SPB), functional equivalent of centrosomes in yeast, duplicate through generation of a new SPB next to the old one. Yet, SPBs are dynamic structures that can grow and exchange, and mechanisms that regulate SPB size remain largely unknown. This study aims to elucidate the role of Bud14 in SPB size maintenance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Materials and methodsWe employed quantitative fluorescence microscopy to assess the relative and absolute amounts of SPB structural proteins at SPBs of wildtype cells and in cells lacking BUD14 (bud14∆). Quantifications were performed using asynchronous cell cultures as well as cultures synchronously progressing through the …

The Icf Syndrome Protein Cdca7 Harbors A Unique Dna Binding Domain That Recognizes A Cpg Dyad In The Context Of A Non-B Dna, Swanand Hardikar, Ren Ren, Zhengzhou Ying, Jujun Zhou, John R Horton, Matthew D Bramble, Bin Liu, Yue Lu, Bigang Liu, Luis Della Coletta, Jianjun Shen, Jiameng Dan, Xing Zhang, Xiaodong Cheng, Taiping Chen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

CDCA7, encoding a protein with a carboxyl-terminal cysteine-rich domain (CRD), is mutated in immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomalies (ICF) syndrome, a disease related to hypomethylation of juxtacentromeric satellite DNA. How CDCA7 directs DNA methylation to juxtacentromeric regions is unknown. Here, we show that the CDCA7 CRD adopts a unique zinc-binding structure that recognizes a CpG dyad in a non-B DNA formed by two sequence motifs. CDCA7, but not ICF mutants, preferentially binds the non-B DNA with strand-specific CpG hemi-methylation. The unmethylated sequence motif is highly enriched at centromeres of human chromosomes, whereas the methylated motif is distributed throughout …

Leveraging Chatgpt For Qualitative Data Analysis: A Case Study On Data Management Practices Among Computer Vision Scholars, Zonghan Lei, Wei Zakharov, Yung-Hsiang Lu

Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Qualitative data analysis plays a crucial role in deriving meaningful insights from research data. However, conventional software tools like NVivo present challenges such as high costs and complexity (Dalkin, et al., 2021). This study advocates for integrating ChatGPT, an AI technology, into qualitative data analysis workflows to overcome these challenges. Focusing on the data management practices of Computer Vision professors, the study investigates how ChatGPT enhances human analysis by streamlining processes and uncovering hidden patterns within datasets. Structured interviews were conducted with six participants from research institutions (R1). The transcripts underwent manual scrutiny to identify recurring themes and patterns. Subsequently, …

Cpsf6'S Nuclear Localization Signal Mediates Hiv-1 Intranuclear Events Following Nuclear Import, Nick Rohlfes

Dissertations

The early stages of the HIV-1 lifecycle include the trafficking of the viral capsid into the nucleus of infected cells. The viral capsid, which encloses the viral genome and accessory proteins required for reverse transcription (RT) and integration, traffics towards the nucleus and enters through the nuclear pore complex (NPC). This process is mediated through interactions between the virus and several host proteins, including cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6). CPSF6 is an early HIV-1 host factor which assists HIV-1 nuclear localization and post-entry integration targeting. CPSF6 contains a function nuclear localization signal (NLS), and as a result, is …

Embryotoxicity Of Chemotherapeutic Agents Tested Using Engineered Cardiac Organoids, Meng Chai

Theses - ALL

Medication use during pregnancy presents complex considerations due to its potential for causing congenital malformations and its implications for maternal and fetal health. With approximately 90% of pregnant women consuming at least one pharmaceutical agent, there is a critical need for comprehensive developmental toxicity screening, particularly for cancer treatments during pregnancy. Pluripotent stem cell (PSC) models, specifically iPSC-derived organoids, offer promising approaches for assessing drug toxicity and efficacy during pregnancy. This study introduces an embryotoxicity screening platform using biomaterial-engineered 3D cardiac organoids created through micropatterning techniques. The platform aims to characterize the response of six pharmaceutical agents across pregnancy risk …

Cultivation And Genomic Analysis Of Litter Decomposition Isolates From Eastern Us Temperate Forests, Olivia Rojo Nava

Theses - ALL

Leaf litter decomposition is a relevant and complex process in forest ecosystems that plays a key role in carbon and nutrient cycling and maintaining soil fertility. Bacteria and fungi can decompose the compounds present in leaf litter mostly cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, pectin and proteins. Microbes are the main producers of enzymes known as Carbohydrate Active Enzymes (CAZymes) allowing them to break down these complex carbohydrates in plant cell walls. Several studies have focused on the different factors affecting decomposition such litter quality of climate. However few studies have evaluated the bacteria and CAZymes activity in leaf litter during decomposition. This …

Las Voces Poderosas: Valuing Latine Undergraduate Perspectives When Re-Assessing Holistic Student Supports At Predominantly White Institutions, Cassaundra Victoria Guzman

Dissertations - ALL

Within the last decade, scholars of color have researched and advocated for better support for first-generation, Latine students, in particular through the critical analysis of the impact of the campus racial climate (Franklin et al., 2014; Huerta & Fishman, 2014; Hurtado & Alvarado, 2015; Kouyoumdijan et al., 2017). These reimagined supports include but are not limited to: increase in faculty and staff of color, increase funding for spaces designated for these students, easier access to mental health resources, and an overall emphasis on nurturing the well-being of Latine students. This study, in part, addresses how educators at Predominantly white Institutions …

Examining Dataset Fair Compliance In The Research Data Management Lifecycle, Denise L. Devine

Dissertations - ALL

This thesis investigates the relationship between data curation and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) compliance in research data management, with a focus on the role of metadata. Through case investigations on Data.gov and Google Dataset Search platforms, the research assesses their efficacy in dataset discovery and the impact of metadata. The thesis examines how data curation influences FAIR compliance throughout the research data lifecycle and explores metadata’s role in FAIR Principles compliance for both curated traditional research datasets and open datasets. Findings reveal a disparity in FAIR compliance between different dataset types and platforms, with open datasets, particularly those …

Sexually Dimorphic Computational Histopathological Signatures Prognostic Of Overall Survival In High-Grade Gliomas Via Deep Learning, Manmeet Ahluwalia

All Publications

High-grade glioma (HGG) is an aggressive brain tumor. Sex is an important factor that differentially affects survival outcomes in HGG. We used an end-to-end deep learning approach on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) scans to (i) identify sex-specific histopathological attributes of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and (ii) create sex-specific risk profiles to prognosticate overall survival. Surgically resected H&E-stained tissue slides were analyzed in a two-stage approach using ResNet18 deep learning models, first, to segment the viable tumor regions and second, to build sex-specific prognostic models for prediction of overall survival. Our mResNet-Cox model yielded C-index (0.696, 0.736, 0.731, and 0.729) for …

Food Hygiene And Sanitation At The Jakarta Pondok Gede Hajj Embarkation Dormitory: Food Safety Efforts For The Hajj Pilgrims, Fauziah Hayati, Al Asyary, Bambang Wispriyono, Harunor Rashid, Z Memish

Kesmas

Several health risks are associated with performing Hajj pilgrimage. Food poisoning is a major cause of diarrhea and vomiting during Hajj. Food hygiene is an effort to control aspects of food, people, places, and equipment that could cause disease or health problems. This study aimed to describe food hygiene and sanitation efforts implemented in 2023 at the Jakarta Pondok Gede Hajj Embarkation Dormitory in Jakarta, implemented in 2023 to safeguard foods for the Hajj pilgrims. Using a descriptive qualitative design with a document analysis approach, this study examined activities during the pre-embarkation and embarkation periods. Pre-embarkation efforts included inspecting the …

Poly(U) Polymerases Have Complex Roles In Modulating The Small Rnaome And Transcriptome Of C. Elegans, Leanne Helen Kelley

Dissertations - ALL

A continuously growing body of work has shown that RNA regulation is an essential aspect of germline development across metazoans. However, another layer of regulation exists “above” this: post-transcriptional modifications to RNAs can alter their function and affect biological activity. Poly(U) polymerases (PUPs) add uridines to the 3’ end of RNA molecules, a process called uridylation, or U-tailing. Previous research has identified the importance of PUPs in C. elegans development, and this work here aims to elucidate the function of PUPs at the molecular level. Using pup-1, pup-2, pup-3, and pup-4 deletion mutants in small RNA-seq, long-read …

Investigating The Cellular Localization, Trafficking, And Biological Function Of Ghrelin O-Acyltransferase, Sadie Xiao Hua Novak

Dissertations - ALL

Ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) catalyzes the acylation and activation of ghrelin, a peptide hormone involved in a range of physiological pathways and therapeutic target for metabolism-linked diseases such as obesity and diabetes. GOAT was determined to be localized in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in early cell-based studies, but recent patient studies detected this integral membrane enzyme in blood plasma and urine. These findings challenge the current understanding of GOAT’s cellular localization, and it may provide a potential mechanism for ghrelin re-acylation by plasma membrane-resident GOAT. The work described in this dissertation aimed to define the intracellular trafficking mechanism …

Relationship Between Functional Status And Fatigue After Covid-19 Infection: A Multicenter Study From Türkiye, İpek Candemi̇r, Pinar Ergün, Di̇cle Kaymaz, Mustafa Engi̇n Şahi̇n, İpek Özmen, Eli̇f Yildirim, Asli Görek Di̇lektaşli, Büşra Yi̇ği̇tli̇ler, Ayten Odabaş, Deni̇z Kizilirmak, Seçi̇l Sari, Celaletti̇n Korkmaz, Cantürk Taşçi, Yakup Arslan, Sema Savci, Buse Kahraman, Ayli̇n Tanriverdi̇, Can Sevi̇nç, Melda Sağlam, Deni̇z İnal İnce, Naci̇ye Vardar Yağli, Ebru Kütükçü, Di̇lber Durmaz, Nesli̇han Durutürk, Gaye Ulubay, Lütfi̇ye Kiliç, Benan Çağlayan, Ayli̇n Moray, Sabri̇ Serhan Olcay, Güven Özkaya

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Symptoms of COVID-19 may persist for months. One of the persistent symptoms of COVID-19 is fatigue, which reduces functional status. The relationship between fatigue, functional status, and various other factors has received little attention, which this study aims to address.. Materials and methods: Patients with COVID-19 infection were included in this multicenter cross-sectional study. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), marital status, smoking status, presence and duration of chronic disease, comorbidity index, regular exercise habits, time since COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization status, length of hospital stay, intubation status, home oxygen therapy after discharge, participation in a pulmonary rehabilitation program, presence …

Turkish Adaptation Of The Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool–Bottle-Feeding In Preterm Infants Discharged To Home, Burcu Aykanat Gi̇rgi̇n, Duygu Gözen, Sabi̇ha Çağlayan, Bri̇tt Pados

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Preterm infants often continue to have feeding difficulties after hospital discharge. Parental use of assessment tools and collaboration with health professionals are important for the early diagnosis of post-discharge feeding difficulties. This methodological study examined the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Neonatal Eating Assessment Tool (NeoEAT)–Bottle-feeding in post-discharge preterm infants in Turkey.Materials and methods: A Turkish version of the NeoEAT–Bottle-feeding was developed and applied to 321 mothers of preterm infants younger than seven months of corrected age between August 2021 and December 2022. Cronbach’s α, exploratory factor, confirmatory factor, item-total correlation, test-retest, and known-groups validity …