Digital Commons Network^™

Tin Oxide Nanoparticle Extraction From Waste Solder Dross Via Low-Temperature Hydrometallurgical Process, Tanongsak Yingnakorn, Sirunya Somla, Thanapon Chandakhiaw, Ethan Cheung, Sakhob Khumkoa

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study proposes a hydrometallurgical approach to valorising industrial waste by producing SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) from waste solder dross obtained by skimming off of tin solder baths from electronic dipping processes. The process involves leaching the dross with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and hydrogen peroxide, followed by precipitation with ammonium hydroxide and purification with aqueous nitric acid solution. The optimised leaching conditions were determined to be 4 mol∙ L‒1 HCl, 11% v/v H2O2, 25℃, and a leaching time of 15 min. SnO2 NPs were successfully precipitated at pH 4 using 25% v/v NH4OH and purified with 1 mol∙ L‒1 HNO3. …

Optimization And Characterization Of Carrageenan/Alginate Ratio And Seaweed Waste To Develop Composite Bioplastics From Kappaphycus Alvarezii, Ali Ridlo, Retno Hartati, Agus Sabdono

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Carrageenan and alginate, derived from seaweed, offer potential as alternatives to traditional plastics. This study aims to assess the properties of biodegradable bioplastics made from a composite of carrageenan, alginate, and waste from K. alvarezii seaweed carrageenan extraction. A mixture of carrageenan and alginate was added with a ratio of 4:6 and K. alvarezii extraction waste 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 % waste concentration,  in the carrageenan-alginate-waste mixture. The process involves blending carrageenan, alginate, waste, glycerol, and distilled water until uniform at 90o C and 1000 rpm for 45 minutes, followed by molding, immersion in a 4% CaCl2 solution, …

Optimization Of Indigo Dyeing On Modal Fabrics Using Thiourea Dioxide As An Environmentally Friendly Reducing Agent, Monthon Nakpathom, Buppha Somboon, Nootsara Narumol, Rattanaphol Mongkholrattanasit, Pisutsaran Chitichotpanya, Nattaya Vuthiganond

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This investigation examines the potential of thiourea dioxide as an environmentally reducing agent for dyeing of natural indigo on modal fabrics. Although traditional sodium dithionite is effective, its sulfur by-products generate environmental concerns. Thiourea dioxide, which provides a more environmentally friendly alternative, was studied under various dyeing conditions. In this study, six dyeing parameters, including thiourea dioxide and sodium hydroxide concentrations, reduction temperature, reduction duration, dyeing time, and reduction-oxidation cycles, were optimized to enhance color strength. Results indicated that the most favorable reduction conditions were achieved when 80 g/L of thiourea dioxide and 2 g/L of sodium hydroxide were heated …

Eco-Friendly Synthesis Of Flower-Like Hierarchical Structure Of Cuo Nps For Advancing Photocatalytic Efficiency And Antibacterial Applications, Yodchai Tangjaideborisut, Shanmugam Shanmugam, Supakorn Boonyuen, Govindasamy Siva, Prema Yugala, Joon Ching Juan, Choowin Phanawansombat, Atchariya Pitintharangkul, Seerangaraj Vasantharaj, Pornpan Pungpo, Pariya Na Nakorn

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In recent decades, environmental pollution caused by organic dyes and pathogenic microorganisms has posed significant challenges to both ecological and public health. Therefore, the development of multifunctional materials capable of simultaneously degrading dyes and exhibiting antibacterial properties is crucial for effective environmental remediation. Combining photocatalytic dye degradation with antibacterial activity offers a promising approach to address these dual concerns in a single process. The present study investigates the copper oxide nanparticles (CuNPs) were prepared by green synthetic method using bamboo extract for degradation of methylene blue and in inactivation of biological pathogens. The green synthesized CuONPs were characterized various spectroscopic …

Enhancing Efficiency And Productivity Of Microbial Fuel Cells For Optimization Of Wastewater Treatment With Bioenergy Production, Diptimayee Pradhan, Krishna Pada Bauri, Debarpita Ghosal, Satchidananda Mishra, Abhijeet Das, Aditya Raj Singh, Akhil Gedela, Kumbhakarna Mallik, Mohammed Hassan Ali Hbag

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The primary objective is to remove the pollutants from the wastewater streams and reintegrate them into the water cycle, therefore safeguarding the environment and promoting public health. The utilization of membrane fuel cells (MFCs) enables the conversion of organic molecules present in wastewater into electrical energy, while concurrently generating potable water. To optimize the process, it is essential to understand the parameters that affect the performance and the relevant techniques such as electrode materials, microbial collectives, and operating settings to improve the efficiency and performance of MFC. Thus, it aims to present novel ideas that support the real-world deployment of …

A Review On Recent Progress In Supported Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Synthetic Methods To Applications, Khushboo Dhiman, Ayashkanta Nanda, Navneet Kaur, Manvinder Kaur, Harvinder Singh Sohal, Himanshi Sharma, Meenakshi Verma

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Magnetic nanoparticles supported on various materials have recently gained significant attention due to their wide range of applications across multiple fields such as catalysis, biomedicine, environmental remediation, and magnetic separation. The support materials are essential for stabilizing magnetic nano-particles and enhancing their properties, thereby improving their performance and versatility. This review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advancements and key developments in supported magnetic nanoparticles, focusing on various support materials including silica, alumina, cellulose, charcoal, polymeric materials, and carbon nanotubes. We also discussed why we needed a shift from conventional nanoparticles to magnetic nanoparticles and from magnetic nanoparticles to supported …

An Integrative Bioinformatics Approach To Investigating Timp3 And Immune Cell Infiltration: Prognostic And Clinicopathological Implications, Neelam Bhola, Amit K. Jaiswal, Daman Saluja

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) serves as a prominent endogenous inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), playing a crucial role in inhibiting metastasis, and angiogenesis. However, its exact contributions to colorectal cancer (CRC) remain largely unidentified. We aimed to ascertain the prognostic significance of TIMP3 in CRC patients through a bioinformatic approach. GEPIA, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier plotter, LinkedOmics, cBioPortal, GeneMANIA, TIMER, TISIDB, the ScTIME database, TISMO, TIDE, CAMOIP, and TISCH2 were employed to comprehensively analyze the differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alterations, signaling pathways, immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment (TME) and associated genes of TIMP3 in CRC patients. Compared to adjacent …

A Review Of The Efficacy Of Prostate Cancer Therapies Against Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Shengxin Zhang, Tao Zhang, Gemma Kinsella, James Curtin

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

The standard treatments for prostate cancer (PCa) include chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapies based on androgen receptor (AR) and/or gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists, and radiation therapy. But PCa therapeutic resistance remains an unsolved challenge, leading to progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Emerging PCa therapies – including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, AR crosstalk signalling pathway inhibitors, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitors, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)/CDK6 inhibitors, CRISPR/Cas9, epigenetic inhibitors, and nanotechnology-based drug-delivery approaches – provide promising targeted solutions. Targeted protein degradation therapy, particularly AR degradation therapies, effectively inhibits resistance at its source. This review summarises the established and emerging …

Development Of Novel Anticancer Pyrazolopyrimidinones Targeting Glioblastoma, Kate Byrne, Natalia Bednarz, Ciara Mcevoy, James Curtin, John C. Stephens, Gemma Kinsella

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant grade IV brain tumour and is one of the most difficult types of brain cancer to treat with a high incidence of resistance to traditionally used chemotherapeutics. Pyrazolopyrimidinones are fused nitrogen-containing heterocyclic systems which are a scaffold in several bioactive drugs and drug candidates. Here, a structure activity relationship (SAR) study was performed where 23 substituted pyrazolo[1,5-α]pyrimidinones were screened for cytotoxicity against the GBM U-251 MG cell line and the non-cancerous embryonic kidney HEK293 cell line to assess their potential as anti-glioblastoma agents capable of selectivity for cancer cells. Through analogue …

A Comparative Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients And Difference Files For Audio Effect Identification Using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks., Patrick Sneyd

ICT

The field of Music information retrieval (MIR) is concerned with computational systems which help humans better make sense of the processing, searching, organizing, and accessing of music-related data and takes in disciplines such as music theory, computer science, psychology, neuroscience, library science, electrical engineering and machine learning. MIR processes relating to audio classification have applications in fields such as speech recognition, automatic bandwidth allocation and Audio Database Indexing which is especially of relevance to large audio collections in broadcasting facilities, the movie industry or music content providers.

These indexing aspects of MIR have been applied to classifying audio into musical …

Comparison Of Statistical, Machine Learning, And Deep Learning Models For Time-Series Forecasting Using Weather Data From Dublin, Ireland., Erick Eduardo Rios Treviño

ICT

This study compares three time-series forecasting paradigms—statistical, machine learning, and deep learning—using ten-years of historical weather data from Dublin. The objective is to evaluate the performance of Prophet, XGBoost, and LSTM when forecasting daily solar radiation under multiple preprocessing strategies. An extensive data analysis was conducted, including descriptive statistics, inferential testing, stationarity assessment, outlier detection, feature selection, and exploratory visualisation. These steps revealed strong annual seasonality, nonlinear feature relationships, and variability across meteorological variables, informing the modelling framework and feature-engineering decisions. Four experiments were conducted using cleaned data, differenced data, log-transformed data, and cross-validation. Results show that XGBoost achieved the …

Clinical Validation Of Delivery Analysis Software For Patient-Specific Quality Assurance Of Radixact (Tomotherapy) Treatment, Gagandeep Pama

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) performance for various disease sites treated with the Radixact machine using Gamma (γ) passing rate analysis (%GP) as per AAPM TG-218.

This study analyzed 22 PSQA plans executed on a Radixact machine using ArcCheck phantom and delivery analysis (DA) software. The %GP was calculated using a 3% dose difference (DD), a 2 mm distance-to-agreement (DTA), and a 10% threshold. A passing criterion of ≥95% was applied for PSQA evaluation.

The %GP was analyzed for all sites. The %GP (2D) on the ArcCheck phantom mean γ passing …

Fictional Prophecies: How Kazuo Ishiguro’S Never Let Me Go And Olivia Wilde’S Don’T Worry Darling Foreshadow The Threats Of Biotech And Metaverse Realities, Taylor Pack

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis intends to embrace conversations about technological advancements and create space for examining the ways in which popular technologies of the 2020s are the beginning of a dangerous future for marginalized bodies if gone unchecked and under-regulated. This paper investigates the ways in which modern forms of technology are at risk of mimicking the novel Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro and the film Don’t Worry Darling, directed by Olivia Wilde dystopias and argues the need for more conscious consumerism of technology and media alike to acknowledge the ways in which the control of women’s bodies is a …

Examining Relationships Between Sediment Nutrients And Halodule Wrightii In The Southern Indian River Lagoon, Sarah Newton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), FL, seagrasses have declined 58% since 2009, largely due to eutrophication. Efforts to improve IRL water quality are ongoing, but there has been a lag in seagrass recovery, with Halodule wrightii being the focus of restoration efforts. Because seagrasses uptake nutrients through their rhizomes and blades, this lag may be associated with undocumented pore water nutrient pollution. Thus, deciphering relationships between sediment nutrients and H. wrightii is necessary. In this study, sampling at nine sites in the southern IRL (SIRL) was conducted in spring and summer 2024 during which H. wrightii tissue, sediment, and …

Exploring Emotional Awareness Through Interactive Design, Mona Gandomkar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research was inspired by my emotional journey after relocating to the United States. Navigating a new culture, language barriers, and unfamiliar routines brought a complex mix of emotions. These experiences led me to begin to better understand and manage my emotional responses. That process revealed the importance of emotional awareness and became the foundation for my exploration into how design can help individuals recognize and engage with their emotions more meaningfully.

Emotions are significant in human life, from social relationships to decision-making. However, many people fail to understand their emotions or how to control them. Individuals experience emotions differently, …

Predictive And Generative Modeling For Biomedical Data Analytics, Magdalyn E. Elkin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Biomedical data analytics is a broad interdisciplinary field that has seen vast amounts of data collected with recent technological advancements. Computational studies are required for time and cost-efficient methods to characterize, summarize, and interpret these datasets to advance public health. This thesis presents research studies done with predictive and generative models with regards to subdomains in clinical research, healthcare and bioinformatics. Our research with predictive modeling presents (1) extensive feature engineering methods, ensemble models and feature selection ranking in order to provide data-driven models to evaluate relevant evidence for clinical decision making; and (2) network analysis and unsupervised link prediction …

Maternal Stress And Infant Anxiety: Examining The Link Through Fear Temperament, Melissa Ayala

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study explored the relationship between maternal stress and infant fear temperament. Infant temperament is important because it allows the caregiver to understand the individual variation in the emotional and social needs of the child. Due to previous research, it can be inferred that maternal stress can influence the development of infant fear temperament. The current study looks at the relationship between maternal stress and infant behavioral fear temperament. In this study there was no relationship between maternal stress and infant behavioral fear when collapsing the across conditions and emotions expressed during the Lab-TAB. However, infants varied in their fear …

Regulation Of The Bidirectional Transport Of Organelles During Synapse Formation, Maintenance, And Plasticity, Kerriann Kathleen Badal

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Neurons are specialized, polarized cells necessary for our function, cognition, and behavior. Moreover, neurons are non-mitotic cells and must be maintained for a lifetime. Within the neuron, organelles, such as mitochondria and lysosome-vesicles (LV), undergo bidirectional transport between the soma and synapses and contribute to neuronal health, energy demand, macromolecule clearance, intracellular signaling, and cell-to-cell communication. Decades of research have revealed the significance of mitochondria and LV during aging, neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and recently, novel implications in neuropsychiatric disorders. While these studies highlight the role of mitochondria and LV during aging and neurological conditions, less is known about the …

Reassessing Pre-Ceramic Mortuary Practices In Florida, John S. Duggan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis synthesizes mortuary practices among Florida’s Paleoindian to Late Archaic populations, from the earliest documented burials to approximately 2,500 BP. While sites like Windover and Little Salt Spring are well-studied, broader burial traditions across the region remain underrepresented. To address this, data from fifteen key sites, chosen for geographic and temporal diversity, were compiled and analyzed. Using an exploratory research design, a descriptive methodological framework was developed to evaluate cemetery types, burial positions, artifact associations, demographic indicators, and spatial orientation. Methodological challenges such as poor preservation, site destruction, and inconsistent documentation are also considered. Findings are contextualized within wider …

Legal Barriers To Maternal Healthcare Equity, Ashley Keith

Akron Law Faculty Publications

In examining contemporary maternal healthcare inequity in clinical care delivery, we must study the critical role played by the legal institutions in creating and perpetuating this problem. Comprehensive systems within the United States require legal advocacy and judicial enforcement to take shape and maintain their structural integrity. Healthcare in this country is no different. Legal institutions helped form and further, both intentionally and inadvertently, the racial disparities that we currently battle. Legal history plays an integral role in understanding why racial disparities in maternal mortality persist. One way for legal professionals to contribute to the ongoing efforts to achieve maternal …

Effect Of Seed Mix Design And Planting Time On Floral Resources, Madison Carleton

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of different management strategies used in Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) prairie restorations. Specifically, this research assesses how well these practices support pollinator communities, which serve as indicators of habitat quality.

The Effect Of Parental Behavior On The Ontogeny Of The Immune System In The Eastern Bluebird (Sialia Sialis), Wyatt Boehm, William Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Durant

2025 Research Poster Competition

Previous research has explored the trade-offs between growth and immune endpoints in offspring since early development is critical in shaping adult responses to disease. However, an unexplored aspect of immune development is the influence of parental behavior on immune outcomes. I observed parental behavior during early development and its influence on offspring immune condition. To analyze parental behavior during incubation in the Eastern Bluebird, I quantified incubation constancy (percentage of time spent on the nest) and its impact on white blood cell ratios throughout development. Incubation constancy is useful in defining general trends in adult incubation behavior. Here, I have …

Stress Affects Infectious Disease Outcomes In Canaries, Vansh Singhal, Erin Sauer, Salvador Barraza-Del Barco, Kamiah H. Turner, William H. Kirkpatrick, Weston Perrine, Sarah Heissenberger, Sarah E. Durant

2025 Research Poster Competition

Chronic stress is related to a decline in immune function in all living organisms and is known to increase the likelihood of developing or exacerbating chronic non-infectious diseases. However, the role of chronic stress in affecting outcomes of infection important to individual health and endpoints important for epidemic dynamics (e.g., likelihood of transmission) are not well understood. In this study we exposed canaries (Serinus canaria) to chronic stress or control conditions after which they were inoculated with Mycoplasma Gallisepticum, a bacterium that causes respiratory disease in birds.

Following the chronic stress protocol, the canaries were assessed every day for measures …

Digital Health Using Data Science, Padmapriya Velupillai Mekandan, Paramita Basak Upama, Masud Rabbani, Amity Ali, Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Computer Science Faculty Research and Publications

The digitization of healthcare has led to an unprecedented growth in health-related data, offering new opportunities to transform clinical decision-making, disease prediction, and patient engagement. However, extracting actionable insights from diverse data sources such as electronic health records, wearable devices, and mobile health apps requires a fusion of domain knowledge in healthcare and technical expertise in data science. This paper presents a structured, interdisciplinary framework for digital health that emphasizes practical strategies for data acquisition, preprocessing, feature engineering, machine learning, and ethical data use. The model promotes a holistic understanding of digital health challenges and opportunities, preparing future professionals to …

The Statewide Standard, 2025, Illinois State University

The Statewide Standard

Annual newsletter of the Illinois State University College of Education

Cooperative Role Of Distinctive Tp53 And Pten Combined Loss In The Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma-Gata3 Molecular Subgroup, Waseem G. Lone, Jiayu Yu, Xuxiang Liu, Dylan T. Jochum, Alyssa Bouska, Kunal Shetty, Tyler Herek, Sunandini Sharma, Chengfeng Bi, Rauf Shah, Zaina W. Nasser, Catalina Amador, Aiza Arif, Abdul Rouf Mir, Yuping Li, Tayla B. Heavican-Foral, Jacob Robinson, R. Katherine Hyde, Mamiko Sakata-Yanagimoto, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Timothy W. Mckeithan, David W. Scott, Louis M. Staudt, Giorgio Inghirami, Andrew Feldman, Timothy Greiner, Julie M. Vose, Lisa Rimsza, Joseph Khoury, Wing C. Chan, Javeed Iqbal, Lymphoma/Leukemia Molecular Profiling Project (Llmpp)

Journal Articles: Oncology and Hematology

Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a heterogeneous group of postthymic T cell neoplasms, with ~40% classified as PTCL-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). PTCL-GATA3, a molecularly defined subtype, associated with T helper 2 (T_H2)-like differentiation and poor prognosis, has frequent co-occurrence of TP53 loss/mutation and heterozygous PTEN loss. CD4+ T cell conditional mouse models with Trp53 mutation/deletion and Pten loss demonstrated mature T cell lymphomas (mTCLs) with T_H2-like transcriptomic and immunophenotypic profiles. Molecular studies revealed that codeletion of Trp53/Pten induced T cell receptor and Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling, promoting T_H2 differentiation …

A Case Displaying The Importance Of Jak1 And Jak2 Gene Transcription In Antifungal Defense Against Coccidioidomycosis, Jennifer K. Priessnitz, Taylor Colore, Nelson Nicolasora

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

This case report explores the consequences of ruxolitinib via inhibition janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2 pathways in the context of fungal defense in a patient diagnosed with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis during ruxolitinib therapy for polycythemia vera. The patient experienced a relapse of pulmonary coccidioidomycosis after antifungal treatment was discontinued while continuing ruxolitinib use. This case illustrates the heightened risk of discontinuing antifungal therapy in endemic regions, emphasizing the critical need for continued monitoring. Furthermore, this case underscores the vital role of the JAK1 and JAK2 signaling cascade, particularly the interferon-gamma (INF-γ)-JAK1 and JAK2-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT) …

Proteomics Profiling Of Research Models For Studying Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma, Mathilde Resell, Hanne-Line Rabben, Animesh Sharma, Lars Hagen, Linh Hoang, Nan T. Skogaker, Anne Aarvik, Eirik Knudsen Bjåstad, Magnus K. Svensson, Manoj Amrutkar, Caroline S. Verbeke, Surinder K. Batra, Gunnar Qvigstad, Timothy C. Wang, Anil Rustgi, Duan Chen, Chun-Mei Zhao

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate of 10-15% due to late-stage diagnosis and limited efficacy of existing treatments. This study utilized proteomics-based systems modelling to generate multimodal datasets from various research models, including PDAC cells, spheroids, organoids, and tissues derived from murine and human samples. Identical mass spectrometry-based proteomics was applied across the different models. The preparation and validation of the research models and the proteomics were described in detail. The assembly datasets we present here contribute to the data collection on PDAC, which will be useful for systems modelling, …

Metabolic And Proteomic Signatures Differentiate Inflammatory Phenotypes From Cancer And Predict Treatment Response In Patient Sera, Gabriel Cutshaw, Elena V. Demidova, Philip Czyzewicz, Elizabeth Quam, Nicole Lorang, Al Warith Al Siyabi, Surinder K. Batra, Sanjeevani Arora, Rizia Bardhan

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Tumors shift their metabolic needs to enable uncontrolled proliferation. Therefore, metabolic assessment of cancer patient sera provides a significant opportunity to noninvasively monitor disease progression and enable mechanistic understanding of the pathways that lead to response. Here, we show Raman spectroscopy (RS), a highly sensitive and label-free analytical tool, is effective in metabolic profiling across diverse cancer types in patient sera from both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We also combine metabolic data with proteomic signatures to predict treatment response. Our data show RS peaks successfully differentiate PDAC patients from healthy controls. Peaks associated with …

Brightly Visualizing Pancreatic Cancer Margins In Orthotopic Mouse Models With An Anti-Ca19-9 Antibody Conjugated To A Near-Infrared Fluorophore, Kristin E. Cox, Javier Bravo, Sunidhi Jaiswal, Siamak Amirfakhri, Thinzar M. Lwin, Abhijit Aithal, Sumbal Talib, Lily J. Jih, Aylin Din Parast Saleh, Keita Kobayashi, Kavita Mallya, Maneesh Jain, Robert M. Hoffman, Aaron M. Mohs, Surinder K. Batra, Michael Bouvet

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Background/Purpose: The only potentially curative procedure for pancreatic cancer is R0 resection, which is difficult to achieve due to poorly defined tumor margins. In the present study, we used an anti-CA19-9 antibody conjugated to a near-infrared fluorophore in orthotopic mouse models to target and visualize pancreatic cancer. Methods: Orthotopic models of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines SW1990 and BxPC3 were established by implanting tumor fragments into the pancreas of athymic nude mice. Anti-CA19-9 and control IgG were conjugated with IRDye800CW. Mice received 50 µg of CA19-9-IRDye800CW or IgG-IRDye800CW via tail-vein injection and were imaged after 72 h. MIA PaCa-2, …