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Research And Graduate Studies Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2025, Office Of Research And Graduate Studies, Illinois State University Jan 2025

Research And Graduate Studies Annual Report, Fiscal Year 2025, Office Of Research And Graduate Studies, Illinois State University

Research and Graduate Studies Annual Report

No abstract provided.

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Development And Evaluation Of Machine Learning Models For Early Pediatric Sepsis Prediction, Ancita M. Andrade Jan 2025

Development And Evaluation Of Machine Learning Models For Early Pediatric Sepsis Prediction, Ancita M. Andrade

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

Sepsis is a leading cause of pediatric mortality, claiming more lives in the United States annually than all childhood cancers combined. Early identification in Emergency Departments (EDs) remains challenging, as the current Phoenix criteria establishes an updated international consensus definition for sepsis, however is not designed for use as a screening tool. This study aimed to develop predictive models identifying pediatric patients at risk of sepsis within 24 hours of admission. Multiple tree-based and deep learning models were trained utilizing clinical and laboratory data from the initial four hours of presentation. Both the LightGBM and LSTM architectures demonstrated superior performance, …

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Cellular Mechanisms Of Spinal Motoneuron Hypoexcitability Underlying Dynapenia In Aging, Ibrahim Abdul Halim Jan 2025

Cellular Mechanisms Of Spinal Motoneuron Hypoexcitability Underlying Dynapenia In Aging, Ibrahim Abdul Halim

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Age-related weakness remains poorly understood as the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. While synaptic input and muscular changes have been investigated with age, intrinsic motoneuron excitability alterations are often overlooked. This thesis provides the first direct assessment of intrinsic excitability and ion channel properties of spinal α-MNs from male and female mice across three ages: young, middle aged, and old. Our findings reveal a decline in intrinsic excitability of motoneurons with age in both sexes. Mechanistic analysis shows sex specific differences: female motoneurons exhibit increased dendritic size, hyperpolarized RMP, and SK channel overactivation, whereas males show only SK overactivation with age. …

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Wearable Sensor Data Analysis For Machine Learning-Based Detection Of Posture And Autonomic Responses, Chaitanya Vardhini Anumula Jan 2025

Wearable Sensor Data Analysis For Machine Learning-Based Detection Of Posture And Autonomic Responses, Chaitanya Vardhini Anumula

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This study investigates how Iyengar yoga postures influence autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity by analyzing multimodal physiological signals collected via wearable sensors. The physiological mechanisms underlying Iyengar yoga’s therapeutic effects remain under-explored at the granular, pose-level. Using data collected from 16 participants, this research evaluates whether machine learning models can distinguish between baseline, parasympathetic-dominant, and sympathetic-dominant states based on wrist-worn sensor data. The goals were to explore whether subtle postural variations elicit measurable autonomic responses and to identify which sensor features most effectively capture these changes. Participants performed a sequence of yoga poses while wearing synchronized sensors measuring electrodermal activity …

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The Responses Of Insect Herbivores And Local Food Webs To Invasive Shrubs, Logan W. Huber Jan 2025

The Responses Of Insect Herbivores And Local Food Webs To Invasive Shrubs, Logan W. Huber

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Invasive species cause widespread ecological disruption and economic loss. Invasive plants in particular have the potential to reshape forest food webs from the bottom up. However, the extent to which herbivores colonize and assimilate invasive plants into their diets remains unclear. To address this, I surveyed caterpillar abundance, richness, and herbivory on two invasive shrubs, Lonicera maackii and Elaeagnus umbellata, across regions differing in infestation history. Lonicera maackii supported lower overall caterpillar abundance and richness but hosted a more diverse and abundant caterpillar community in the heavily infested region. E. umbellata supported robust caterpillar communities and experienced herbivory levels comparable …

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Computational Assessment Of Vitrimers Self-Healing For Renewable Energy And Aerospace Structures, Walaaeldin Mohamed Ahmed Derbala Jan 2025

Computational Assessment Of Vitrimers Self-Healing For Renewable Energy And Aerospace Structures, Walaaeldin Mohamed Ahmed Derbala

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Self-healing polymers, particularly vitrimers, are emerging as promising candidates in the development of advanced materials for renewable energy and aerospace structures. These materials exhibit dynamic covalent bond exchange mechanisms that enable reprocess ability, damage repair, and extended operational lifetime under harsh conditions. This study presents a density functional theory (DFT)-based computational investigation of the mechanistic pathways and energetics of bond exchange reactions in model vitrimer systems. We explore transition states, energy barriers, and thermodynamic features corresponding to associative and dissociative self-healing reactions in vitrimers. The study focuses on Diaminodiphenyl disulfide (AFD), a bifunctional molecule composed of two para-substituted aminophenyl rings …

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Isometric Centroid Encoder (Ice) And Synthetic Data Generation Approaches For Biological Datasets, Prathyusha Kanakamalla Jan 2025

Isometric Centroid Encoder (Ice) And Synthetic Data Generation Approaches For Biological Datasets, Prathyusha Kanakamalla

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This thesis addressed two main challenges in biological data analysis: structure-preserving dimensionality reduction and synthetic data generation for small sample datasets. I proposed the Isometric Centroid Encoder (ICE), a supervised dimensionality reduction method that preserves pairwise distances between class centroids during dimension reduction. Unlike existing methods like Centroid Encoder and Super Encoder, ICE explicitly maintains geometric relationships between biological classes, achieving nearly perfect structure preservation at C dimensions (where C equals the number of classes) with strong performance even in 2D and 3D spaces. Additionally, I compared three generative models (VAE, LSH-GAN, and scDiffusion) for synthetic data generation on small …

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Biosensing Applications Of Thz Rotational Spectroscopy: Sensing And Analysis Of Exogenous And Endogenous Compounds In Exhaled Breath, Daniel J. Tyree Jan 2025

Biosensing Applications Of Thz Rotational Spectroscopy: Sensing And Analysis Of Exogenous And Endogenous Compounds In Exhaled Breath, Daniel J. Tyree

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Exhaled human breath contains a wealth of volatile molecular species which bear an imprint of compounds dissolved in blood. Assessing trace amounts of these species in exhaled breath requires a highly sensitive and selective method. Terahertz (THz) rotational spectroscopy satisfies these needs by detecting numerous and narrow, molecule specific spectral features with feature intensity dependent on the quantity of absorbing molecules, molecular structure, and experimental parameters. Expanding the applicability of THz sensing to biological gases requires systems to measure this spectral data, reliable analysis of the spectra, and demonstration of the utility of biological data extracted from the spectra. To …

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Evidence That Ultraviolet B Radiation Generates Systemic Responses Via Microvesicle Particle, Niharika Annapureddy Jan 2025

Evidence That Ultraviolet B Radiation Generates Systemic Responses Via Microvesicle Particle, Niharika Annapureddy

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Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, ranging from 280–315 nm, has been identified as carcinogenic since 1928 and is known to cause skin cancer. Additionally, UVB exposure triggers inflammatory responses, systemic effects, and organ damage. Recent research has discovered that these adverse outcomes are facilitated by the release of microvesicle particles (MVP) via the inflammatory lipid mediator, Platelet-activating Factor (PAF). We have previously demonstrated that sunburn causes skin keratinocytes to release high levels of MVP by activating the PAF receptor (PAFR). These studies were designed to test if these microvesicles enter the bloodstream and travel to various organs, especially the gut, increasing …

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Synthetic Nucleoside Labels For Studying Cell-Free Dna, Dibya Guragai Jan 2025

Synthetic Nucleoside Labels For Studying Cell-Free Dna, Dibya Guragai

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Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can arise from dying cells or be actively secreted by living cells, and is found either unbound, within extracellular vesicles, or in other macromolecular complexes. cfDNA plays roles in intercellular communication and immune responses and is clinically used for diagnostics through PCR and DNA sequencing. Interestingly, our lab has detected lesions in cfDNA after treatment with DNA-damaging agents including UVB and cisplatin. These findings prompted further investigation into which DNA lesions and labels can be found in the cell-free space. Importantly, we sought a mechanism of labeling DNA with a synthetic nucleoside to enable robust tracing using …

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Systemic Effects Of Varying Degrees Of Thermal Burn Injuries In Young Mice: Role Of Microvesicle Particles And Platelet-Activating Factor, Prince Wilfred Jan 2025

Systemic Effects Of Varying Degrees Of Thermal Burn Injuries In Young Mice: Role Of Microvesicle Particles And Platelet-Activating Factor, Prince Wilfred

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Thermal burn injuries (TBI) result in local and systemic effects, particularly when a large body surface area is exposed to TBI. This study investigates the systemic effects of varying degrees of TBI in the murine model, focusing on the role of microvesicle particles (MVP) and Platelet-activating Factor (PAF) in mediating bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation. Utilizing the murine model, we analyzed MVP levels in the skin and blood, bacterial translocation in the gut, and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the major organs at the 2-hour post-burn time point. Our studies revealed that after the two hours’ time point TBI …

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Biodiversity Conservation And The Ever-Expanding Web Of Federal Laws Regulating Nonfederal Lands: Time For Something Completely Differenct?, J.B. Ruhl Jan 2025

Biodiversity Conservation And The Ever-Expanding Web Of Federal Laws Regulating Nonfederal Lands: Time For Something Completely Differenct?, J.B. Ruhl

University of Colorado Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Normative Porosity Of The Un Convention On The Law Of The Sea: From "Human Rights At Sea" To The "Ocean-Climate Nexus", Eduardo Cavalcanti De Mello Filho Jan 2025

The Normative Porosity Of The Un Convention On The Law Of The Sea: From "Human Rights At Sea" To The "Ocean-Climate Nexus", Eduardo Cavalcanti De Mello Filho

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

This article delves into the nexus between the 1982 U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea (“UNCLOS”) and the broader international legal order, focusing on UNCLOS Article 287 tribunals with jurisdiction limited to disputes related to the Convention. The study categorizes three gateways through which external rules of international law influence the interpretation and application of UNCLOS: Renvoi provisions, systemic interpretation mechanisms, and systemic integration via Article 293(1). Considering recent studies highlighting UNCLOS as a “springboard for interaction,” this research synthesizes legal dogmatics with insights from the sociology of law and international relations theory. Mindful of the momentum experienced …

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The Rule Of Law In Armed Conflict, Hitoshi Nasu Jan 2025

The Rule Of Law In Armed Conflict, Hitoshi Nasu

Minnesota Journal of International Law, Vols. 28:2 onward (2019-present)

A fundamental problem in the relationship between war and law has emerged, with two diverging approaches to conceptualizing how law applies to the conduct of hostilities: the operational application for the implementation of legal obligations during combat operations, on the one hand, and the adjudicative application for prosecution and reparation, on the other. Diverging approaches stem from institutional and practical constraints on adjudication, testing the fundamental premise upon which international law operates as a political project to manage international order under the rule of law. This article addresses the doctrinal manifestation of this trend and articulates the parameters in which …

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2025 Program, Georgia Southern University Jan 2025

2025 Program, Georgia Southern University

Georgia Educational Research Association Conference

2025 Schedule

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A Novel Real-Time Threshold Algorithm For Closed-Loop Epilepsy Detection And Stimulation System, Liang Hung Wang, Zhen Nan Zhang, Chao Xin Xie, Hao Jiang, Tao Yang, Qi Peng Ran, Ming Hui Fan, I. Chun Kuo, Zne Jung Lee, Jian Bo Chen, Tsung Yi Chen, Shih Lun Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu Jan 2025

A Novel Real-Time Threshold Algorithm For Closed-Loop Epilepsy Detection And Stimulation System, Liang Hung Wang, Zhen Nan Zhang, Chao Xin Xie, Hao Jiang, Tao Yang, Qi Peng Ran, Ming Hui Fan, I. Chun Kuo, Zne Jung Lee, Jian Bo Chen, Tsung Yi Chen, Shih Lun Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

Epilepsy, as a common brain disease, causes great pain and stress to patients around the world. At present, the main treatment methods are drug, surgical, and electrical stimulation therapies. Electrical stimulation has recently emerged as an alternative treatment for reducing symptomatic seizures. This study proposes a novel closed-loop epilepsy detection system and stimulation control chip. A time-domain detection algorithm based on amplitude, slope, line length, and signal energy characteristics is introduced. A new threshold calculation method is proposed; that is, the threshold is updated by means of the mean and standard deviation of four consecutive eigenvalues through parameter combination. Once …

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Sex Differences In Prognostic Factors And Genomic Variations In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A 5-Year Retrospective Study, Shih-Jung Cheng, Hui-Hsin Ko, Fang-Yu Wu, Ya-Syan Chen, Wender Lin, Chun-Kai Fang, Chyi-Huey Bai, Hung-Ying Lin, Hsiang-Fong Kao Jan 2025

Sex Differences In Prognostic Factors And Genomic Variations In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A 5-Year Retrospective Study, Shih-Jung Cheng, Hui-Hsin Ko, Fang-Yu Wu, Ya-Syan Chen, Wender Lin, Chun-Kai Fang, Chyi-Huey Bai, Hung-Ying Lin, Hsiang-Fong Kao

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose This study examined the prognostic factors and genomic variations in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) among male and female patients, focusing on the rising incidence of OSCC in women. Materials and methods Using data from 98 OSCC cases treated at National Taiwan University Hospital between 2013 and 2018, the study analyzed the patient cohort, clinical characteristics, and genomic profiles. Results The Female patients had a higher incidence of tongue cancer, while the male patients were prone to have buccal cancer. Key prognostic factors included age over 55 years, tongue cancer, alcohol use in female patients as well as …

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Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome And Nanoemulsion Propolis Combination Ameliorate Osteoclastogenesis In Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteolysis In Hyperglycemia Rats, Alexander Patera Nugraha, Kunhua Yang, Adya Pramusita, Nurul Aisyah Rizki Putranti, Muhammad Luthfi, Nastiti Faradillah Ramadhani, Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi, Putri Cahaya Situmorang, Muh Artasasta, Ananto Ali Alhasyimi, Wibi Riawan, Albertus Putera Nugraha, Khairul Anuar Shariff, Kotaro Tanimoto, Guang Hong Jan 2025

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome And Nanoemulsion Propolis Combination Ameliorate Osteoclastogenesis In Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteolysis In Hyperglycemia Rats, Alexander Patera Nugraha, Kunhua Yang, Adya Pramusita, Nurul Aisyah Rizki Putranti, Muhammad Luthfi, Nastiti Faradillah Ramadhani, Ratri Maya Sitalaksmi, Putri Cahaya Situmorang, Muh Artasasta, Ananto Ali Alhasyimi, Wibi Riawan, Albertus Putera Nugraha, Khairul Anuar Shariff, Kotaro Tanimoto, Guang Hong

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Background/purpose Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell secretome (HUCMSCS) and nanoemulsion propolis (NEP) from Tetragonula biroi may be beneficial regenerative medicine to reduce LPS-induced osteolysis with hyperglycemia. This study aimed to investigate the HUCMSCS and NEP effect on nuclear factor associated T-cell-1 (NFATc1), sclerostin, receptor activator kappa beta (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), the osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAPase), and cathepsin K (Ctsk) serum level in LPS-induced osteolysis in hyperglycemic Wistar rats ( Rattus novergicus ). Materials and methods Twenty-eight healthy male Wistar rats, 1–2 months old and 250–300 g body weight, were divided into seven groups, namely …

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Bidirectional Association Between Obesity And Chronic Periodontitis: Inflammatory Pathways And Clinical Implications, Yu-Chao Chang, Tsung-Po Chen, Hui-Chieh Yu, Wen-Yuan Lin Jan 2025

Bidirectional Association Between Obesity And Chronic Periodontitis: Inflammatory Pathways And Clinical Implications, Yu-Chao Chang, Tsung-Po Chen, Hui-Chieh Yu, Wen-Yuan Lin

Journal of Dental Sciences

Abstract Obesity and chronic periodontitis are the prevalent chronic conditions significantly linked through shared common inflammatory and immune mechanisms. This review aimed to synthesize current knowledge on the association between obesity and chronic periodontitis, exploring biological mechanisms, epidemiological evidence, and clinical relevance. Obesity induces systemic low-grade inflammation marked by elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, altered immune responses, and disrupted adipokine profiles that may influence periodontal inflammation. Conversely, chronic periodontitis, characterized by oral microbial dysbiosis and local inflammation, contributes to systemic inflammatory burden and potentially exacerbates obesity-related complications. Obesity-associated dietary habits further promote pathogenic oral microbiome shifts as well as aggravate periodontal inflammation. …

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Intensive Longitudinal Models, Robert E. Ployhart, Paul D. Bliese, Sam D. Strizver Jan 2025

Intensive Longitudinal Models, Robert E. Ployhart, Paul D. Bliese, Sam D. Strizver

Faculty Publications

Intensive longitudinal models (ILMs) allow researchers to analyze nested data collected through frequent measurements—typically 20 or more repeated occasions—over densely spaced durations. Rather than being a single statistical approach, ILMs encompass various models unified by their capability to handle densely collected longitudinal data. We briefly summarize the nature of intensive longitudinal designs and why such designs require the use of ILMs. We then provide a classification typology to help readers understand the features of an ILM they should adopt. This classification typology provides the structure for a narrative review of existing ILM research. We conclude with specific recommendations for using …

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Algorithmic Lawmaking, Moral Judging, And Free Will, Jacob Eisler Jan 2025

Algorithmic Lawmaking, Moral Judging, And Free Will, Jacob Eisler

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Consensus Templates, Jorge L. Contreras, Liane Hancock Jan 2025

Consensus Templates, Jorge L. Contreras, Liane Hancock

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Relational Contracting And International Technology Transfer, Peter Lee Jan 2025

Relational Contracting And International Technology Transfer, Peter Lee

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

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The Cost Of Inaction: How Medicaid Reform Can Target Racial Disparities In America’S Pregnancy-Related Mortality Crisis, Lauren Mallaber Jan 2025

The Cost Of Inaction: How Medicaid Reform Can Target Racial Disparities In America’S Pregnancy-Related Mortality Crisis, Lauren Mallaber

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Dobbs’S Radical Remaking Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Miranda Mcgowan Jan 2025

Dobbs’S Radical Remaking Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Miranda Mcgowan

Case Western Reserve Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Toward Measurable Explainable Ethical Ai: An Llm-Driven Data Analytics Study, Greg Bacon Jan 2025

Toward Measurable Explainable Ethical Ai: An Llm-Driven Data Analytics Study, Greg Bacon

Dissertations

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been a hot area for popular and research audiences. Users marvel subjectively at Artificial Intelligence (AI) outputs — so much that OpenAI delayed public release of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 2 (GPT-2) back in 2019, citing ``safety and security concerns.'' This research advances ethical and transparent AI through qualitative and quantitative measures between user intent and LLM responses in a way that aims to assist users with clear indications of good and poor alignment and of where to backtrack to minimize bias and hallucinations. The use case is recommending grant topics in a United States Department …

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Novel Ai/Ml-Based Frameworks For Protein Conformation Selection In Drug Discovery Applications, Shivangi Gupta Jan 2025

Novel Ai/Ml-Based Frameworks For Protein Conformation Selection In Drug Discovery Applications, Shivangi Gupta

Dissertations

Drug development is a lengthy, expensive process with a high failure rate. The urgency brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance drug discovery by increasing target specificity, reducing toxicity, and optimizing formulation strategies. Building on this momentum, this dissertation introduces novel AI/ML-driven frameworks for protein conformation selection and classification, addressing critical challenges in modern drug discovery. However, designing such a novel AI/ML data-driven framework is a difficult task because most real-world biomedical datasets suffer from class imbalance issues, which can significantly skew AI/ML model training, resulting in …

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Manganism And The Development Of A Green Sustainable Low-Threshold Spectrophotometric Test For The Monitoring Of Manganese In Consumable Water, Anna Merritt Holmes Jan 2025

Manganism And The Development Of A Green Sustainable Low-Threshold Spectrophotometric Test For The Monitoring Of Manganese In Consumable Water, Anna Merritt Holmes

Dissertations

Manganism, a neurotoxic disease from the hyperaccumulation of manganese, follows an etiology that parallels Parkinsonism. Non-occupational Manganism is acquired by the lifelong accumulation of manganese through water contaminated by natural and industrial sources. Biologically active manganese (II) eludes flocculation and filtration removal methods at water utilities. The U.S. Standard Methods For the Examination of Water and Wastewater persulfate testing method uses mercury sulfate, concentrated nitric and phosphoric acids, silver nitrate, and ammonium persulfate. The low detection limit of 210 µg/L is an order of magnitude greater than the World Health Organization (WHO) allowable limit of 10-50 µg/L. In 2004, the …

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In Vitro Characterization And Evolution Of Sylvatic And Endemic Dengue-4 Viruses, Andrew Peric Jan 2025

In Vitro Characterization And Evolution Of Sylvatic And Endemic Dengue-4 Viruses, Andrew Peric

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Dengue virus is the world’s preeminent arthropod-borne virus that infects hundreds of millions of people each year, and circulates in four distinct serotypes named 1, 2, 3, and 4. Dengue virus cycles between mosquito and human hosts in a transmission cycle called the endemic cycle, which is responsible for the majority of recorded dengue infections worldwide. However, dengue also exists in a second transmission cycle called the sylvatic cycle, which mirrors the endemic cycle with wildlife, including non-human primates, replacing humans in this transmission cycle. Phylogenetic analyses support the hypothesis that spillover events from the sylvatic cycle into human populations …

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A Unionid Mussel Biodiversity Hotspot Experiencing Unexplained Declines: Evaluating The Influence Of Chemical Stressors Using Caged Juveniles, W. Aaron Wilson, Christine Bergeron, Jennifer Archambault, Jason M. Unrine, Jess Jones, Braven Beaty, Damian Shea, Peter R. Lazaro, Jody L. Callihan, Jennifer J. Rogers Jan 2025

A Unionid Mussel Biodiversity Hotspot Experiencing Unexplained Declines: Evaluating The Influence Of Chemical Stressors Using Caged Juveniles, W. Aaron Wilson, Christine Bergeron, Jennifer Archambault, Jason M. Unrine, Jess Jones, Braven Beaty, Damian Shea, Peter R. Lazaro, Jody L. Callihan, Jennifer J. Rogers

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Unionid mussel populations in a section of the Clinch River in Virginia, USA, has declined substantially, but the causes of the decline remain unknown. To investigate this zone of decline (ZOD), we deployed juvenile freshwater mussels (Villosa iris in 2012 and Lampsilis fasciola in 2013) in both cages and silos at sites within the Clinch River System. We analyzed mussel tissues for trace element and organic contaminant concentrations, shells for trace elements, and environmental media (total water, dissolved water, particulate sediment, and bedload sediment) for both inorganic and organic contaminants. We found a few differences between mussels deployed in cages …

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