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Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima Jun 2025

Growth And Chemical Composition Of Corn Fertilized In Glasshouse Trails With Italian Ryegrass Brown Juice, G U. Reddy, T Nagatomo, H Kubota, M Ohshima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the process of extraction of the leaf protein from Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.), large amount of brown juice (BJ) is produced. Since it is rich in sugars and minerals, the effective utilization of BJ will have a great effect on the economics of the process. Direct field application of alfalfa BJ to some of the plants caused plant damage and reduction in the yields (Reddy et al., 1987). The aim of present investigation is to evaluate BJ fertilization effect in the organic or inorganic forms on corn (Zea mays L.) plant.

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Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan Jun 2025

Rice Straw Utilization In India, V Subramaniyan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rice is the most important food crop of nearly half of the world's population and is predominantly an Asian crop. India is the largest rice growing country with an area of 43 million hectares under rice cultivation which is 29% of the world's total. The production of rice in India has increased almost three fold in the last three decades due to the high yielding varieties and improved production technology. Straw left by the world's three foremost food crops viz rice, wheat and maize are the largest available renewable crop residue. This paper discusses about the current utilisation pattern, and …

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La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin Jun 2025

La Vitesse De Sechage Au Champ Des Foins De Prairies Permanentes Application Aux Prairies De Fauche Des Alpes Du Nord Francaises, P Fleury, I Philippot, B Jeannin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Notre objectif est de determiner Jes conditions climatiques necessaires au sechage des differents types de vegetation des prairies permanentes fauchees des Alpes du Nord frarn;aises, en fonction des pratiques de fenaison.

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Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic Jun 2025

Results Of Experimental Production Of Forage Of Grasslands Established On Abnormal Soils In Vojvodina Province, B Miskovic, P Eric, L J. Stefanovic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Vojvodina province there is a certain acreage under hydromorphic, alkaline hydromorphic and alkaline soils which are not suitable for cultivation and growing of row crops. The acreage is roughly about 320000 ha. These soils may be culti­vated only a short interval because of their unfavorable physi­cal and aerial-hydrological properties and mechanical texture. If we add that the suitable machinery and implements are expensive, it becomes clear why farmers are unwilling to make use of that land (Zivkovic et al., 1972). The results of several research projects dealing with that problem indicated the estab­lishment of cultivated grasslands as an optimum …

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Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate Jun 2025

Towards Improving Animal Production In The Rangelands Of Kenya, A Abate, M M. Wanyoike, M S. Badamana, A N. Abate

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Kenya, the rangelands comprise about 80% of the country's land surface and contain about 76% of its population of cattle, sheep, goats and camels. Pastoralism is the dominant activity in this zone managed by among others, Maasai, Ren­dille, Samburu and Turkana tribesmen. The nomads keep animals for their own dietary requirements of milk, blood and meat and for sale to the heavily populated and crop dominated production systems of the high potential areas. The relative merits of meat and milk production and other economic indices of productivity have been analysed and discussed (ILCA, 1984). Despite suggested improvement interventions animal …

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La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger Jun 2025

La Fertilization Phosphatee: Un Outil Pour Stimuler Les Luzerne Annuelles Indigenes En Region Mediterraneenne Francaise Et Froide, D Dauro, G Gintzburger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les techniques d'amelioration de la production fourragere par l'introduction de nouvelles especes, !'irrigation et !es fertili­sations ne sont pas toujours aises et/ou economique a mettre en a:uvre en zone mediterraneenne, en particulier sur parcours a sols caillouteux ou a acces difficile. Une voie interessante consiste a rechercher une fa9on simple de stimuler !es legumi­neuses presentes dans la flore locale des parcours, afin d'initiali­ser une dynamique de la vegetation, d'augmenter la contribu­tion specifique des legumineuses fixant a leur tour l'azote utilisable par !es graminees et autres especes pastorales. L'equilibre legumineuses-autres plantes pastorales serait entre­tenu ensuite par la gestion du parcours (rotation, …

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Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai Jun 2025

Herbage Production From Grassland Under Stressed Environments In India, P Singh, P Rai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In India, out of the total reporting area of 304.21 m ha, forest covers 67.32 m ha (22.13 per cent) while permanent pastures, miscellaneous tree crops and groves, cultivable wastelands and fallow lands altogether cover 53.78 m ha (17.68 per cent). These are the potential areas available for grazing in one or other form. Only 4 per cent of the area of the cultivated land is under fodder crops which is far less compared to large livestock popu­lation (more than 400 million). In last ten years, the increase in cattle population had been about 7 per cent, buffalo and sheep …

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Influence Of Legume Introduction On The Quality And Productivity Of Semi-Arid Grasslands Of India, K C. Kanodia Jun 2025

Influence Of Legume Introduction On The Quality And Productivity Of Semi-Arid Grasslands Of India, K C. Kanodia

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Low productivity of traditionally managed herds is largely attributed to the low quality and quantity in semi-arid grasslands. This is also aggravated due to high bovine popu­lation (416 m. heads) in the country, which has resulted in extreme deterioration of these resources. The grassland pro­ductivity can be improved through fertilizer application. But the escalating price of this commodity also restricts its use in the natural grasslands. Legumes are also known for their N­fixation ability through the bacteria, hibernating in their root nodules, which release nitrogen in the soil on their death and decay (Rogas and Hokare, 1970). This can therefore …

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Preliminary Studies Of Improvement And Utilization Of Natural Grasslands Of Jiangxi Province In China, Xie Fan, Wang Suzhen Jun 2025

Preliminary Studies Of Improvement And Utilization Of Natural Grasslands Of Jiangxi Province In China, Xie Fan, Wang Suzhen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Jiangxi Province is situated in Southeast China, belonging to the midsubtropical monsoon region. There exists a vast acreage of natural grasslands to be utilized because of man's activities. In the areas where the artificial grasslands cannot be opened up for the present, some semi-artificial grasslands may be set up by additionally seeding the natural grasslands to fine forage grass in mode of banded shallow cultivation to speed up their improvement and utilization. This will be favourable to the development of the graminivorous livestock hursbandry in the whole province.

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Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup Jun 2025

Introduction And Evaluation Of Perennial Forage Grasses For Use In Dryland Farming Regions On Morocco, A Arif, J Stubbendieck, S Waller, W Stroup

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Livestock are a significant part of the agricultural production system of central Morocco: 1) they utilize cereal by-products (straw, chaff, weeds) and 2) they are a source of readily avail­able cash. Money generated from livestock sales serves to support the farmer and his family and sustain cropping opera­tions such as seeding, weed control and harvest. However, live­stock output is low. Cultivated forage represents only 3 % of arable land. The question we sought to answer was whether perennial for­age grasses could establish under low rainfall conditions (250-390 mm) in central Morocco. Our goal was to extend the avail­ability of quality …

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Regeneration Par Les Semences Dans Les Hautes Plaines Steppiques Algeriennes, N Hanifi, J Touffet Jun 2025

Regeneration Par Les Semences Dans Les Hautes Plaines Steppiques Algeriennes, N Hanifi, J Touffet

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La reproduction par Jes semences est un des modes de rege­neration les plus repandus dans le regne vegetal (Grime, 1979). L'estimation de ce potentiel de reproduction en fonction du temps, c'est-a-dire !'evolution de la quantite de diaspores pro­duites par un individu ou par unite de surface, nous renseigne sur la strategie demographique adoptee dans les premieres pha­ses du cycle biologique des populations vegetales annuelles (Harper, 1977; Solbrig, 1979). Dans cette etude nous nous consacrerons uniquement aux plantes steppiques a cycles annuels appelees « ephemerophytes » (Daget, 1978) ; car elles offrent une opportunite remarquable pour la comprehension des aspects dynamiques …

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A Study On Shrub Control On The Shade Slope Of Midtainshan Mountains, Yang En Zhong Jun 2025

A Study On Shrub Control On The Shade Slope Of Midtainshan Mountains, Yang En Zhong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Many countries have studied shrub control on the grazing land in varying degrees. And their methods are manifold. McLean et al. (1982) have studied grasses, trees and cattle of British Columbia in the felled areas. They found that the plant output had increased year after year. The economic benefit had continued for over 20 years. Fitzgerald et al. (1985) had good results with spring - burn forest lands when grassland was established after roots and stumps of Populus tremuloides had been cleared up and the land improved by cattle grazing. Bailey (1972) found that herbage seedlings can germinate and grow …

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Recommended Forages For Ethiopian Environments And Current Strategies For Utilization, A Mengistu Jun 2025

Recommended Forages For Ethiopian Environments And Current Strategies For Utilization, A Mengistu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ethiopia has great variations in relief with large areas of lowlands below 1.000 m, extensive plateaus at altitudes of 1 500 to 2 000 m and highlands with cultivation extending to about 3 000 m. Rainfall generally increases with altitude and is higher in the western and south central regions. Ethiopian environments can be classified as sub-humid in much of south­central and western zones, semi-arid in the south, the central Rift Valley and the northern highlands, arid in the eastern lowl­ands and humid around Jimma in the south central region. The strong effect of altitude on temperature results in temperate …

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Production Des Ecosystemes Steppiques A Armoise Blanche (Algerie): Variations Inter-Annuelles Et Implications Pastorales, A Aidoud Jun 2025

Production Des Ecosystemes Steppiques A Armoise Blanche (Algerie): Variations Inter-Annuelles Et Implications Pastorales, A Aidoud

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Les formations a armoise blanche (Artemisia herba-alba Asso ), couvrant environ deux a trois millions d'hectares, constituent les parcours les plus etendus et Jes plus homogme­nes des hautes plaines steppiques et de !'Atlas Saharien alge­riens. Cette steppe est actuellement marquee, au niveau des Hautes Plaines par une degradation intense sous !'action d'un piiturage d'autant plus efficient qu'une tendance a la secheresse se fait sentir depuis une dizaine d'annees. Le present article presente Jes principales caracteristiques du fonctionnement de cet ecosysteme au niveau de la production primaire utilisable par les ovins. Les observations portent surl'evolution de la phytomasse et de …

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Production Des Parcours Saheliens Et Possibilities De Rehabilitation, G Boudet, M Carriere, D Reiss Jun 2025

Production Des Parcours Saheliens Et Possibilities De Rehabilitation, G Boudet, M Carriere, D Reiss

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Depuis 1970, la periode de secheresse a entraine une contrac­tion de la vegetation sahelienne des plateaux vers Jes fonds de bassins versants avec un appauvrissement floristique des par­cours et surtout une reduction de la production fourragere regionale. Qu'en est-ii du bilan semencier et existe-t-il des interventions susceptibles d'inverser le processus ?

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Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero Jun 2025

Agronomic Methods To Increase Pastureland Production In Mediterranean Marginal Areas, P Bullitta, Simonetta Bullitta, P P. Roggero

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Sardinian pasturelands covering 1.200.000 ha represent nearly the 50 % of the island surface and are the most import­ant resource for animal feeding. Pastureland productivity is scarce, annual dry matter ranging from 6 to 12 q ha-1. Low pro­duction is mainly due to climate, scarce deepness and type of soils and by competition of mediterranean shrubs, mainly Cistus spp. that infests nearly 500.000 ha with a percentage of covering ranging from 20 to 100 % . The control of Cistus is normally done by means of fire and by ploughing but results are poor because a correct management of the …

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Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi Jun 2025

Improving Marginal Land Productivity In Mediterranean Environment Using Phosphate Fertilizer, A E. Osman, P S. Cocks, E F. Thomson, L Russi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Marginal lands in this paper refer to the non arable lands which exist within or adjacent to the cropping zone in the mediterranean basin. Such lands constitue a sizable proportion of the total land available in north Africa and southern Europe. Similarly in west Asia there are large areas : in Syria and Leb­anon, they constitute between 30 to 60% of the total land surface. In west Asia and north Africa (W ANA), these lands are used mainly for grazing of sheep and goats. However, because pro­ductivity is low the animals need supplementary feeding with barley grain, grazing of green …

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Interet Des Sursemis Sur Parcours Dans Les Systemes Fourragers Mediterraneens Francais, M Etienne Jun 2025

Interet Des Sursemis Sur Parcours Dans Les Systemes Fourragers Mediterraneens Francais, M Etienne

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

La regession, parfois totale, des activites agricoles et fores­tieres dans les zones de colline de la region mediterraneenne fran9aise a rendu le probleme de l'entretien de ces espaces parti­culierement epineux. Or, bien que de faible valeur economique par sa production, la foret mediterraneenne est l'objet d'un enjeu touristique et paysager tel que son entretien et sa protec­tion sont assures de fa9on intense, a des couts tres eleves. C'est pourquoi, depuis quelques annees, des recherches sont menees pour evaluer les possibilites de creation de ressources fourrageres et d'installation d'eleveurs sur des zones debrous­saillees dans le cadre de la protection des forets …

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Effect Of Fertilization On Growth Rate Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basso, F Carone, E De Falco Jun 2025

Effect Of Fertilization On Growth Rate Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basso, F Carone, E De Falco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In another paper (Postiglione et al., 1989) was reported about the hard pedoclimatic condition of Southern Italy for fodder plants growth. An account of this, the knowledge of the environmental factors and cultural practices on growth rate and herbage yield of natural pasture of hilly areas of Southern Italy, is very important for the improvement of these pastures. This goal is possible studying the growth rate of the grass for the different environmental conditions and also using rational techniques to have the necessary balance between plant growth and yield. The study of the growth rate of the grass as cutting …

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Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K On Yield And Botanical Composition Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basson, F Carone, E De Falco Jun 2025

Effect Of Fertilization With N-P-K On Yield And Botanical Composition Of A Natural Pasture In Southern Italy, L Postiglione, F Basson, F Carone, E De Falco

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The hilly dry environments of Southern Italy are char­acterized by native pastures greatly deteriored due to unfavourable and variable pedoclimatic conditions, mostly to the rainfall pattern during spring and summer. Also the irrational utilization and the uncorrect cultural techniques take part in very low yield of these large pasture areas. For these reasons the studies on rational utilization of pastures and on the various treatments are particularly interesting. Among these agronomic treatments, mineral fertilization plays a primary role due to the well-know marked influence on the amount seasonal distribution and quality of forage pro­duction: also the botanical composition, as well-known, …

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Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry Jun 2025

Utilization Des Savanes Naturelles Par Des Troupeaux Bovins Allaitants En Guadeloupe, M Naves, A Xande, F Vallee, O Coppry

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Aux Antilles Frarn;aises, comme dans de nombreuses regions tropicales, les prairies naturelles et parcours occupent des surfaces importantes, principalement dans les zones seches. En Guadeloupe, ces paturages denommes « savanes » sont domines par la presence d'une graminee de valeur pastorale moyenne, le Dichanthium spp. Ils constituent la base des apports fourragers dans la plupart des exploitations orientees vers la production de viande bovine, basee sur des animaux de race locale Creole. Cependant le chargement est eleve et l'alimentation complementaire faible et irreguliere. La conduite de la reproduction est sommaire, avec des velages toute l'annee et aucune politique de sevrage …

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Fire Effects On Herbage Yield And Nutritive Value Of Natural Grasslands In Uganda, E N. Sabiiti, R W. Wein Jun 2025

Fire Effects On Herbage Yield And Nutritive Value Of Natural Grasslands In Uganda, E N. Sabiiti, R W. Wein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fire has long influenced the development, maintenance and productivity of nearly 80% of the Uganda natural grasslands which are important for livestock grazing. However, tra­ditional burning appears to reduce the productivity of these natural pastures, especially in the Acacia/savanna grassland since there is no proper fire regime (fire intensity, severity and frequency) used by these pastoralists/as there is limited research that gives reliable data on how to use prescribed fires on these pastures lands (Sabiiti et al., 1986; Sabiiti and Wein, 1987; Harrington, 1974). Consequently, most of these pastures have been invaded by coarse and less nutritive grass species …

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Variability Of A Tropical Savannah And Its Influence On Management Practices And Animal Weight Gains, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger Jun 2025

Variability Of A Tropical Savannah And Its Influence On Management Practices And Animal Weight Gains, R R. Vera, B Rivera, J H. Weniger

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The savannah of the Colombian and Venezuelan plains have been relatively well studied from a floristic point of view and several major plant communities are recognized (Blydenstein, 1967). Nevertheless, the potential contribution of these plant communities to ruminant production have not been studied, except for the largest of these associations, that of the well­drained high savannah. Paladines and Leal (1979) have shown that it has low carrying capacity and sustains low levels of ani­mal production both per head and per animal, despite moder­ate levels of primary productivity. In effect, animal weight gains range from 70-90 kg head-1 and 18-40 kg …

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Yield And Quality Of Signal Grass Stockpiled At Different Dates, E A. Pizzaro, R R. Vera Jun 2025

Yield And Quality Of Signal Grass Stockpiled At Different Dates, E A. Pizzaro, R R. Vera

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The savannas of the 'Cerrado' region of Brazil extend over 20 % of the brazilian territory, supporting over 50 % of the beef cattle industry (Kornelius et al., 1979). During the long dry season there is a pronounced deficit of quality in the natural savannas; conserved and standing crops (Pizarro and Vera, 1980; Paiva et al., 1978; Vera et al., 1981) pure legumes stands have been tested successfully to supplement the native veg­etation (Tergas et al., 1983). Large leafy yields have been reported during the second half of the dry season (Vera et al., 1981 ; Pizarro et al., 1985). …

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Comparing California Annual Grassland Management Beliefs With Evidence From The Field, R J. King Jun 2025

Comparing California Annual Grassland Management Beliefs With Evidence From The Field, R J. King

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Annual grasslands in California's Mediterranean climate are generally believed to have been dominated by perennial grasses prior to European settlement (Burchan, 1957 ; Heady, 1977). Numerous exotic annual species have been introduced, natura­lized, and now dominate grassland communities. Overgrazing by domestic livestock and replacement by aggressive introduced annuals are regarded as the primary factors respon­sible for the displacement of perennial species. Range scientists and managers have established a doctrine that annual grasslands are now fundamentally different from perennial grasslands. The range management profession's current goal for proper grazing of annual grassland is simply to maintain adequate litter on the soil …

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Study On The Grassland In The Yellow River Delta Of China, Zhou Guangyu, Li Xingdong Jun 2025

Study On The Grassland In The Yellow River Delta Of China, Zhou Guangyu, Li Xingdong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Yellow River Delta is one of the three biggest deltas in China. It is situated in the northeast part of Shandong Prov­ince, from 37°20' to 38°12'N and from 118°30' to I 19°10'E. It is an important economic development area of Shandong Prov­mce. Grasslands are the main vegetation and the important agri­cultural resources in the Yellow River Delta. They had not been studied up to now, but for a long time they were reclaimed with the lack of management. According to the Vegetational Regination of China, this delta belongs to the warm temperate deciduous broad-leave) forest region (Wu Zhengyi et …

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Distributions Of Yields And Nutritional Value In Native Pastures In South China, Zhiqiang Lai Jun 2025

Distributions Of Yields And Nutritional Value In Native Pastures In South China, Zhiqiang Lai

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are about 40 millions ha of gqtzeable hill tussocky pastures in south China, generally with an elevation below 500 m and slopes between 6 to 30°. They are suited to ruminant animal husbandry with good rainfall, long growth period and a variety of high yielding plants. But most of the swards are improperly used and managed. This damages the pasture resources, and causes erosion due to overgrazing resulting in ecological unbalances and eventually, hazards the development of ruminant husbandry. The aim of this trial was, by studying the growth rhythm, seasonal distributions of the yield and nutritional value of …

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Evoluation Et Perspectives De L'Etude Des Paturages D'Afrique Tropicale, A Gaston Jun 2025

Evoluation Et Perspectives De L'Etude Des Paturages D'Afrique Tropicale, A Gaston

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

L'elevage extensif est tributaire des problemes de sante anim­ale, d'abreuvement et d'alimentation. Apres la 2e Guerre mondiale, l'elevage tropical africain etait confronte a de graves epizooties qui maintenaient le cheptel a un niveau relativement bas. Cette cause, et Jes effets benefiques d'une periode a precipi­tations satisfaisantes faisaient qu'il y avait peu de problemes d'abreuvement et d'alimentation d'autant plus que la trans­humance etait pratique courante et facilitee par la faible implantation agricole. La prophylaxie a ete la priorite accordee a l'elevage. Les conditions climatiques permettaient !'existence de paturages de bonne qualite, mais certains etaient inutilisables par manque d'eau permanente. L'hydraulique pastorale …

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The Influence Of Some Factors On The Production Of Mediterranean Pastures, M Espejo, J Bernardo, I Montero, L Garcia Barreto Jun 2025

The Influence Of Some Factors On The Production Of Mediterranean Pastures, M Espejo, J Bernardo, I Montero, L Garcia Barreto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the grazing systems it is important to know the different methods for grass production with the objective of estimating the availability of pasture during the different seasons so as to adjust stocking rates and to make the necessary provision for the food shortage periods. There are several factors which influence pasture production, among them : type of soil, livestock, fertilization (Jimenez et al., 1976), climatology (Granda, 1981) and livestock manage­ment (Olea, 1982) are the most important ones. This work studies the influence of some of these factors under the environmental conditions of Southwest Spain.

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Comportement Alimentaire D'Un Troupeau Ovin Dans Un Systeme , A Ben Boubaker Jun 2025

Comportement Alimentaire D'Un Troupeau Ovin Dans Un Systeme , A Ben Boubaker

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

En Tunisie, pour freiner !'erosion et satisfaire Jes besoins pressants des animaux domestiques, des plantations de Acacia cyanophylla (Lindi) destinees a etre paturees ont ete creees. Pour rechercher une gestion rationnelle de ces parcours, nous avons etudie notamment le comportement des ovins dans un systeme « Acacia-herbe » partiellement fertilise. L'etude a ete realisee dans la region de Beja (Nord-Ouest de la Tunisie) sous climat mediterraneen sub-humide a hiver doux, sur sol brun calcaire (facies vegetal a Hedysarum coronarium L. et Phalaris truncata L.)

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