Digital Commons Network^™

Fourteen New, Endemic Species Of Shrew (Genus Crocidura) From Sulawesi Reveal A Spectacular Island Radiation, Jacob A. Esselstyn, Anang S. Achmadi, Heru Handika, Mark T. Swanson, Thomas C. Giarla, Kevin C. Rowe

Faculty Publications

After nearly a decade of field inventories in which we preserved voucher specimens of the small terrestrial mammals of Sulawesi, we combined qualitative and quantitative analyses of morphological traits with molecular phylogenetics to better understand the diversity of shrews (Soricidae: Crocidura) on the island. We examined the morphology of 1368 specimens and obtained extensive molecular data from many of them, including mitochondrial DNA sequences from 851 specimens, up to five nuclear exons from 657 specimens, and thousands of ultraconserved elements from 90 specimens. By iteratively testing species limits using distinct character datasets and appropriate taxon sampling, we found clear, mostly …

Uncovering The Intricacies Of The Clinical Intake Assessment: How Clinicians Prioritize Information In Complex Contexts, Margaret M. O'Neill, Ora Nakash

School for Social Work: Faculty Publications

Objective: Based on a single intake interview, mental health clinicians must distill their assessment to brief statements reflecting essential information. We explored how clinicians organize and prioritize the clinical information they collect during the initial assessment of their clients. Method: We conducted in-depth semistructured interviews with a convenience sample of 38 clinicians in four community-and hospital-based mental health clinics in Israel. Clinicians were interviewed immediately following an intake session with 117 clients and were asked about the client’s main problem, evaluation process, rapport with the client, and role of sociocultural factors in assessment. We identified primary themes across interviews. Results: …

Spectroscopic Studies Of The Interaction Between Phosphorus Heterocycles And Cytochrome P450, Dumei Ma, Libo Zhang, Yingwu Yin, Yuxing Gao, Qian Wang

Faculty Publications

P450 fatty acid decarboxylase OleT from Staphylococcus aureus (OleT_SA) is a novel cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of fatty acids to yield primarily terminal alkenes and CO₂ or minor α- and β-hydroxylated fatty acids as side-products. In this work, the interactions between a series of cycloalkyl phosphorus heterocycles (CPHs) and OleT_SA were investigated in detail by fluorescence titration experiment, ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and ³¹P NMR spectroscopies. Fluorescence titration experiment results clearly showed that a dynamic quenching occurred when CPH-6, a representative CPHs, interacted with OleT_SA with a binding constant value of 15.2 …

Beyond Counting Words: A Paradigm Shift For The Study Of Language Acquisition, Lillian R. Masek, Alexus G. Ramirez, Brianna T.M. Mcmillan, Kathy Hirsh-Pasek, Roberta Michnick Golinkoff

Psychology: Faculty Publications

The 30-million-word gap, the quantified difference in the amount of speech that children growing up in low-resourced homes hear compared to their peers from high-resourced homes, is a phrase that has entered the collective consciousness. In the discussion of quantity, the complex and nuanced environments in which children learn language were distilled into a singular metric—number of words. In this article, we propose examining children’s language environments by focusing on what caregivers communicate to children and how they communicate it. Focusing on the features of the language environment promotes a more inclusive approach to understanding how children learn and the …

Access To And Safety Of Covid-19 Convalescent Plasma In The United States Expanded Access Program: A National Registry Study, Jonathon W. Senefeld, Brenda J. Grossman, Et Al

Open Access Publications

BACKGROUND: The United States (US) Expanded Access Program (EAP) to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent plasma was initiated in response to the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. While randomized clinical trials were in various stages of development and enrollment, there was an urgent need for widespread access to potential therapeutic agents. The objective of this study is to report on the demographic, geographical, and chronological characteristics of patients in the EAP, and key safety metrics following transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: Mayo Clinic served as the central …

First Detection Of Naturally Introgressed Bt Cry1ab In Asian Corn Borer [Ostrinia Furnacalis (Guenée)] - Resistant Traditional Maize (Silangan) In The Philippines, Merdelyn T. Caasi-Lit, Eureka Teresa C. Ocampo, Artemio Salazar, Jefferson Paril, Bryan Novio, Bernard Panabang, Angelyn Marta Marmeto

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Resistance against insect pests is one of the most promising and highly favored characteristics of an economically important crop. In the Philippines, the Asian corn borer (ACB), Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée), is the most destructive insect pest of maize. The discovery of Bacillus thuringiensis and the Bt toxin, which led to the development of Bt corn, effectively controlled this pest. In this study, four traditional varieties of maize that showed resistance against ACB were tested for the presence of Bt Cry1Ab protein. Out of these four, a traditional variety from San Carlos City, Pangasinan, which was initially thought to have natural …

Individuals As Gatekeepers Against Data Misuse, Ying Hu

Michigan Technology Law Review

This article makes a case for treating individual data subjects as gatekeepers against misuse of personal data. Imposing gatekeeper responsibility on individuals is most useful where (a) the primary wrongdoers engage in data misuse intentionally or recklessly; (b) misuse of personal data is likely to lead to serious harm; and (c) one or more individuals are able to detect and prevent data misuse at a reasonable cost.

As gatekeepers, individuals should have a legal duty to take reasonable measures to prevent data misuse where they are aware of facts indicating that the person seeking personal data from them is highly …

Postharvest 24-Epibrassinolide And Chitosan Treatments Affect Quality Of ‘Balady Banzahir’ Limes During Shelf Life [Research Note], Mohamed A. Awad, Adel Al-Qurashi

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Limes undergo internal metabolic changes during storage at ambient, resulting in rind disorders and green color fading that decrease consumer preferences and market demand. To elucidate the effects of exogenous 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and chitosan (CT) treatments on the postharvest quality of citrus fruit, freshly harvested mature-green ‘Balady Banzahir’ limes were dipped for 15 min in 20 μM EBR and 1% CT alone or in combination and kept at ambient (23 ± 1°C and 60 – 70% RH) for 20 days. EBR or CT treatments retained fruit quality during shelf life as shown by higher green peel color (lower a* values), …

Activation Of Crtc2/Creb1 In Skeletal Muscle Enhances Weight Loss During Intermittent Fasting, Nelson E Bruno, Jerome C Nwachukwu, David C Hughes, Sathish Srinivasan, Richard Hawkins, David Sturgill, Gordon L Hager, Stephen Hurst, Shey-Shing Sheu, Sue C Bodine, Michael D Conkright, Kendall W Nettles

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

The Creb-Regulated Transcriptional Coactivator (Crtc) family of transcriptional coregulators drive Creb1-mediated transcription effects on metabolism in many tissues, but the in vivo effects of Crtc2/Creb1 transcription on skeletal muscle metabolism are not known. Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of Crtc2 (Crtc2 mice) induced greater mitochondrial activity, metabolic flux capacity for both carbohydrates and fats, improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and increased oxidative capacity, supported by upregulation of key metabolic genes. Crtc2 overexpression led to greater weight loss during alternate day fasting (ADF), selective loss of fat rather than lean mass, maintenance of higher energy expenditure during the fast and reduced binge-eating …

Genetic Mapping And Qtl Analysis For Peanut Smut Resistance, Francisco J. De Blas, Cecilia I. Bruno, Renee Arias, Carolina Ballén-Taborda, Eva Mamani, Claudio Oddino, Melina Rosso, Beatriz P. Costero, Marina Bressano, Juan H. Soave, Sara J. Soave, Mario I. Buteler, J. Guillermo Seijo, Alicia Massa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: Peanut smut is a disease caused by the fungus Thecaphora frezii Carranza & Lindquist to which most commercial cultivars in South America are highly susceptible. It is responsible for severely decreased yield and no effective chemical treatment is available to date. However, smut resistance has been identified in wild Arachis species and further transferred to peanut elite cultivars. To identify the genome regions conferring smut resistance within a tetraploid genetic background, this study evaluated a RIL population {susceptible Arachis hypogaea subsp. hypogaea (JS17304-7-B) × resistant synthetic amphidiploid (JS1806) [A. correntina (K 11905) × A. cardenasii (KSSc 36015)] × A. …

The Genome Of The Stable Fly, Stomoxys Calcitrans, Reveals Potential Mechanisms Underlying Reproduction, Host Interactions, And Novel Targets For Pest Control, Pia U. Olafson, Serap Aksoy, Geoffrey M. Attardo, Greta Buckmeier, Xiaoting Chen, Craig J. Coates, Megan Davis, Justin Dykema, Scott J. Emrich, Markus Friedrich, Christopher J. Holmes, Panagiotis Ioannidis, Evan N. Jansen, Emily C. Jennings, Daniel Lawson, Ellen O. Martinson, Gareth L. Maslen, Richard P. Meisel, Terence D. Murphy, Dana Nayduch, David R. Nelson, Kennan J. Oyen, Tyler J. Raszick, José M.C. Ribeiro, Hugh M. Robertson, Andrew J. Rosendale, Timothy B. Sackton, Perot Saelao, Sonja L. Swiger, Sing Hoi Sze, Aaron M. Tarone, David B. Taylor, Wesley C. Warren, Robert M. Waterhouse, Matthew T. Weirauch, John H. Werren, Richard K. Wilson, Evgeny M. Zdobnov, Joshua B. Benoit

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Background: The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product loss in the USA alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable flies. Results: This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality genome sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses targeting multiple developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, 1600 genes were …

Genome Annotation Using Average Mutual Information, Garin P. Newcomb

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Advancements in high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies and ambitious goals for their use are resulting in the generation of a deluge of unannotated sequenced genomes. This makes computational tools that can aid in annotation increasingly valuable.

Here, we provide a detailed exploration of the utility as well as the limitations of average mutual information (AMI) in several steps of genome annotation. For a genomic sequence, AMI is a measure of the information a base contains about the base separated by a fixed lag. A profile is constructed by calculating AMI at multiple lags. In addition to traditional AMI, we employ two …

Comparative Analysis Of Kmer Counting And Estimation Tools, Ankitha Vejandla

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The rapid development of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies for determining the sequence of DNA has revolutionized genome research in recent years. De novo assemblers are the most commonly used tools to perform genome assembly. Most of the assemblers use de Bruijn graphs that break the sequenced reads into smaller sequences (sub-strings), called kmers, where k denotes the length of the sub-strings. The kmer counting and analysis of kmer frequency distribution are important in genome assembly. The main goal of this research is to provide a detailed analysis of the performance of different kmer counting and estimation tools that are currently …

Swallow's Nest: Birdwatching Poems, Karissa Wehri

Greenway Press Chapbooks

No abstract provided.

The Year Of Brood Viii, Jona L. Pederson

Greenway Press Chapbooks

No abstract provided.

Corticothalamic Projections Deliver Enhanced Responses To Medial Geniculate Body As A Function Of The Temporal Reliability Of The Stimulus, Srinivasa P Kommajosyula, Edward L Bartlett, Rui Cai, Lynne Ling, Donald M Caspary

Articles

Ageing and challenging signal-in-noise conditions are known to engage the use of cortical resources to help maintain speech understanding. Extensive corticothalamic projections are thought to provide attentional, mnemonic and cognitive-related inputs in support of sensory inferior colliculus (IC) inputs to the medial geniculate body (MGB). Here we show that a decrease in modulation depth, a temporally less distinct periodic acoustic signal, leads to a jittered ascending temporal code, changing MGB unit responses from adapting responses to responses showing repetition enhancement, posited to aid identification of important communication and environmental sounds. Young-adult male Fischer Brown Norway rats, injected with the inhibitory …

Cover Crop Effects On Near-Surface Soil Aggregate Stability In The Southern Mississippi Valley Loess (Mlra 134), Chandler M. Arel

Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Honors Theses

Intensive agricultural cultivation within major land resource area (MLRA) 134, the Southern Mississippi Valley Loess, has led to soil erosion, soil compaction, and the overall destabilization of near-surface soil aggregates. The use of cover crops during the agricultural offseason has been shown to help alleviate soil compaction and provide stabilizing effects against soil erosion, which are particularly important as the silty soils of MLRA 134 have a large erosion potential. This study evaluated the effects of cover crop and no-cover crop treatment on silt-loam soils within MLRA 134. Treatments were implemented during Fall 2018 and Fall 2019 and consisted of …

Toward Rehumanization: Creolized Solidarity And Practical Empathy, Michelle India Miller

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

This project seeks to engage political theory surrounding processes of creolization and solidarity, as well as their usefulness towards political movements. Current socialization within the United States promotes individualism and, as a result, an inability to see how various sociopolitical issues interact with one another and affect large portions of the population in ways that are not always obvious. Through a commitment to open engagement and practical empathy, creolized solidarity could provide a baseline from which to evaluate prevalent issues as well as our relationships with one another, the natural connection that comes from simply being human.

Organizational Networking, Leadership, And Community Engagement: A Case Study Of The Revitalization Of An Impaired Watershed In Richmond, Virginia, Julia L. Roller

School of Professional and Continuing Studies Nonprofit Studies Capstone Projects

Green infrastructure is a necessary component of urban environments designed to mitigate climate instability and provide healthier living environments for urban residents. Discrimination and socio-economic status are some of the determining factors in the provision of green infrastructure, availability of green spaces, and outdoor programming available in urban communities. This paper describes an exploratory case study of the partnerships between municipal and nonprofit organizations involved in the revitalization of an impaired watershed in Richmond, Virginia. Preliminary findings suggest networking between agencies and nonprofits with strong mission alignment can increase organizational capacity by sharing specialized training and resources. Success may also …

Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection Caused By Kodamaea Ohmeri In A Young Child, Amier Haidar, Farhana Khaja, Brian Simms, Amr Issam Elgehiny, Tracy Omoegbele, Nikita Khetan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION:

CASE REPORT: The patient is a 5-year-old male with a history of short gut syndrome, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence who presented to the emergency room with a two-day history of productive-cough, rhinorrhea, and fever. Antibiotic therapy was initiated with cefepime and vancomycin for suspected CLABSI. However, within the first twenty-four hours of his admission, his initial blood culture from his central venous catheter became positive for yeast so fluconazole was added due to suspicion of candidemia. During his admission, his initial central line and peripheral blood culture were later speciated as

CONCLUSIONS: This case report further acknowledges …

Γδ T Cell Ifnγ Production Is Directly Subverted By Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis Outer Protein Yopj In Mice And Humans, Timothy H. Chu, Camille Khairallah, Jason Shieh, Rhea Cho, Zhijuan Qiu, Yue Zhang, Onur Eskiocak, David G. Thanassi, Mark H. Kaplan, Semir Beyaz, Vincent W. Yang, James B. Bliska, Brian S. Sheridan

Dartmouth Scholarship

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a foodborne pathogen that subverts immune function by translocation of Yersinia outer protein (Yop) effectors into host cells. As adaptive γδ T cells protect the intestinal mucosa from pathogen invasion, we assessed whether Y. pseudotuberculosis subverts these cells in mice and humans. Tracking Yop translocation revealed that the preferential delivery of Yop effectors directly into murine Vγ4 and human Vδ2+ T cells inhibited anti-microbial IFNγ production. Subversion was mediated by the adhesin YadA, injectisome component YopB, and translocated YopJ effector. A broad anti-pathogen gene signature and STAT4 phosphorylation levels were inhibited by translocated YopJ. Thus, Y. pseudotuberculosis …

Ct For Estimating Adequacy Of Lymph Node Dissection In Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Head And Neck, Christiaan A. Rees, Joshua H. Litchman, Xiaotian Wu, Mariah M. Servos, Darcy A. Kerr, Ryan J. Halter, David A. Pastel, Joseph A. Paydarfar

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Indices obtained from lymph node dissection specimens, specifically lymph node yield (LNY) and lymph node ratio (LNR), have prognostic significance in the setting of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCa). However, there are currently no validated tools to estimate adequacy of planned lymph node dissection using preoperative data. The present study sought to evaluate CT-derived estimates of lymphatic tissue volumes as a preoperative tool to guide cervical node dissection. Methods: Fifteen cervical lymph node dissections were performed in 14 subjects with HNSCCa. Preoperative CT-derived estimates of lymphatic tissue volumes were compared with gross pathology tissue volume estimates and …

A Distributed Fmri-Based Signature For The Subjective Experience Of Fear, Feng Zhou, Weihua Zhao, Ziyu Qi, Yayuan Geng, Shuxia Yao, Keith M. Kendrick, Tor D. Wager, Benjamin Becker

Dartmouth Scholarship

The specific neural systems underlying the subjective feeling of fear are debated in affective neuroscience. Here, we combine functional MRI with machine learning to identify and evaluate a sensitive and generalizable neural signature predictive of the momentary self-reported subjective fear experience across discovery (n = 67), validation (n = 20) and generalization (n = 31) cohorts. We systematically demonstrate that accurate fear prediction crucially requires distributed brain systems, with important contributions from cortical (e.g., prefrontal, midcingulate and insular cortices) and subcortical (e.g., thalamus, periaqueductal gray, basal forebrain and amygdala) regions. We further demonstrate that the neural representation of subjective fear …

Color Cherenkov Imaging Of Clinical Radiation Therapy, Daniel A. Alexander, Anthony Nomezine, Lesley A. Jarvis, David J. Gladstone, Brian W. Pogue, Petr Bruza

Dartmouth Scholarship

Color vision is used throughout medicine to interpret the health and status of tissue. Ionizing radiation used in radiation therapy produces broadband white light inside tissue through the Cherenkov effect, and this light is attenuated by tissue features as it leaves the body. In this study, a novel time-gated three-channel camera was developed for the first time and was used to image color Cherenkov emission coming from patients during treatment. The spectral content was interpreted by comparison with imaging calibrated tissue phantoms. Color shades of Cherenkov emission in radiotherapy can be used to interpret tissue blood volume, oxygen saturation and …

Associations Between The Gut Microbiome And Metabolome In Early Life, Quang P. Nguyen, Margaret R. Karagas, Juliette C. Madan, Erika Dade, Thomas J. Palys, Hilary G. Morrison, Wimal W. Pathmasiri, Susan Mcritche, Susan J. Sumner, H. Robert Frost, Anne G. Hoen

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: The infant intestinal microbiome plays an important role in metabolism and immune development with impacts on lifelong health. The linkage between the taxonomic composition of the microbiome and its metabolic phenotype is undefined and complicated by redundancies in the taxon-function relationship within microbial communities. To inform a more mechanistic understanding of the relationship between the microbiome and health, we performed an integrative statistical and machine learning-based analysis of microbe taxonomic structure and metabolic function in order to characterize the taxa-function relationship in early life. Results: Stool samples collected from infants enrolled in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study (NHBCS) …

Addressing The Mental Health Needs Of Children Affected By Hiv In Rwanda: Validation Of A Rapid Depression Screening Tool For Children 7–14 Years Old, Agnes Binagwaho, Eric Remera, Alice Uwase Bayingana, Darius Gishoma, Kirstin Woody Scott, Madeline Goosman, Eliza Campbell, Mawuena Agbonyitor, Yvonne Kayiteshonga, Sabin Nsanzimana

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Depression in children presents a significant health burden to society and often co-exists with chronic illnesses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Research has demonstrated that 10–37% of children and adolescents living with HIV also suffer from depression. Low-and-middle income countries (LMICs) shoulder a disproportionate burden of HIV among other health challenges, but reliable estimates of co-morbid depression are lacking in these settings. Prior studies in Rwanda, a LMIC of 12 million people in East Africa, found that 25% of children living with HIV met criteria for depression. Though depression may negatively affect adherence to HIV treatment among children …

Sprd: A Surface Plasmon Resonance Database Of Common Factors For Better Experimental Planning, Purushottam B. Tiwari, Camelia Bencheqroun, Mario Lemus, Taryn Shaw, Marilyn Kouassi-Brou, Adil Alaoui, Aykut Üren

Dartmouth Scholarship

Background: Surface plasmon resonance is a label-free biophysical technique that is widely used in investigating biomolecular interactions, including protein-protein, protein-DNA, and protein-small molecule binding. Surface plasmon resonance is a very powerful tool in different stages of small molecule drug development and antibody characterization. Both academic institutions and pharmaceutical industry extensively utilize this method for screening and validation studies involving direct molecular interactions. In most applications of the surface plasmon resonance technology, one of the studied molecules is immobilized on a microchip, while the second molecule is delivered through a microfluidic system over the immobilized molecules. Changes in total mass on …

Genome-Resolved Metagenomics Reveals Role Of Iron Metabolism In Drought-Induced Rhizosphere Microbiome Dynamics, Ling Xu, Zhaobin Dong, Dawn Chiniquy, Grady Pierroz, Siwen Deng, Cheng Gao, Spencer Diamond, Tuesday Simmons, Heidi M.L. Wipf, Daniel Caddell, Nelle Varoquaux, Mary A. Madera, Robert Hutmacher, Adam Deutschbauer, Jeffery A. Dahlberg, Mary Lou Guerinot, Elizabeth Purdom, Jillian F. Banfield, John W. Taylor, Peggy G. Lemaux

Dartmouth Scholarship

Recent studies have demonstrated that drought leads to dramatic, highly conserved shifts in the root microbiome. At present, the molecular mechanisms underlying these responses remain largely uncharacterized. Here we employ genome-resolved metagenomics and comparative genomics to demonstrate that carbohydrate and secondary metabolite transport functionalities are overrepresented within drought-enriched taxa. These data also reveal that bacterial iron transport and metabolism functionality is highly correlated with drought enrichment. Using time-series root RNA-Seq data, we demonstrate that iron homeostasis within the root is impacted by drought stress, and that loss of a plant phytosiderophore iron transporter impacts microbial community composition, leading to significant …

Turning Orphans For A Profit: The Orphan Drug Act Is Due For An Overhaul, Kelly L. Mckinney

Hofstra Law Review

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Child Neurodevelopment, Jiwon Oh

Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive

Pregnant women are exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) primarily via ingestion of contaminated food, water, and house dust. PFAS in pregnant women can be transferred to their child through the placenta during pregnancy. Many long-chain PFAS have been frequently detected in blood of pregnant women, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood for the last few decades. Prenatal exposure to PFAS has shown potential to adversely affect offspring’s neurodevelopment in laboratory animals. However, epidemiological evidence on associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and child neurodevelopment remains inconsistent. My dissertation research consists of four sub-studies whose objectives are (1) to examine …