Digital Commons Network^™

ข้อพิจารณาการปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังป่วยระยะสุดท้าย, สุชัญญา คันศร

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาระบบข้อพิจารณาในการปล่อยตัวผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยในระยะสุดท้าย 2) ศึกษาระบบการดูแลผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยในระยะสุดท้าย และ 3) เสนอแนะแนวทางระบบการปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยในระยะสุดท้าย การวิจัยเป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ โดยใช้การสัมภาษณ์แบบกึ่งโครงสร้าง (Semi-structured Interview) กับผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญ จำนวน 6 คน ที่มีประสบการณ์เกี่ยวข้องกับระบบราชทัณฑ์และการดูแลผู้ป่วยระยะสุดท้าย ได้แก่ นักทัณฑวิทยา เจ้าหน้าที่ราชทัณฑ์ นักทัณฑปฏิบัติ นักสังคมสงเคราะห์ พยาบาลวิชาชีพ จากทัณฑสถานโรงพยาบาลราชทัณฑ์ และศูนย์มิตรอาทร โรงพยาบาลตำรวจ ข้อมูลที่ได้ถูกวิเคราะห์ด้วยวิธีการวิเคราะห์เชิงเนื้อหา (Content Analysis) ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ระบบการพิจารณาการปล่อยตัวผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยระยะสุดท้าย มีความสำคัญอย่างยิ่งต่อผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยระยะสุดท้าย หลักเกณฑ์นี้ช่วยให้ผู้ต้องขังได้รับโอกาสกลับไปอยู่กับครอบครัวและชุมชน ขณะเดียวกันก็ยังคงรักษาเป้าหมายด้านความปลอดภัยของสังคมผ่านกระบวนการคัดกรองและประเมินความเสี่ยงอย่างเหมาะสม 2) ระบบการดูแลผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยระยะสุดท้าย มีเป้าหมายหลักในการบรรเทาความทุกข์ทรมานของผู้ป่วยทั้งทางร่างกาย จิตใจ สังคม และจิตวิญญาณ การดูแลนี้ครอบคลุมตั้งแต่ผู้ป่วยได้รับการวินิจฉัยจนถึงวาระท้ายชีวิต และยังรวมถึงการดูแลครอบครัวในช่วงการสูญเสีย แต่ยังเผชิญกับข้อจำกัดในเชิงโครงสร้าง ทรัพยากรบุคคล 3) แนวทางระบบการปฏิบัติต่อผู้ต้องขังที่ป่วยในระยะสุดท้าย ในด้านกายภาพของสถานพยาบาลในเรือนจำ ออกแบบจัดสรรพื้นที่เฉพาะสำหรับผู้ป่วยระยะสุดท้าย (Palliative Care Zone) ปรับรูปแบบการเยี่ยมที่มีความยืดหยุ่นมากกว่าผู้ต้องขังทั่วไป และการสร้างทีม Palliative care ให้แข็งแรงในการดูแลแบบประคับประคอง (Palliative Care)

แนวทางการพัฒนาระบบการดําเนินการช่วยเหลือเยียวยาผู้เสียหายในคดีอาญา, สิรภัทร คัยนันทน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การศึกษาวิจัยเรื่อง “แนวทางการพัฒนาระบบการดำเนินการช่วยเหลือเยียวยาผู้เสียหายในคดีอาญา” มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อการศึกษาสภาพปัญหา และผลกระทบในการดำเนินการช่วยเหลือเยียวยาผู้เสียหายในคดีอาญา ตามพระราชบัญญัติค่าตอบแทนผู้เสียหายและค่าทดแทนและค่าใช้จ่ายแก่จำเลยในคดีอาญา พ.ศ. 2544 และที่แก้ไขเพิ่มเติม (ฉบับที่ 2) พ.ศ. 2559 รวมถึงการช่วยเหลือเยียวยาผู้เสียหายในคดีอาญาที่ยังไม่สอดคล้องตามปฏิญญาว่าด้วยหลักยุติธรรมพื้นฐานสำหรับเหยื่ออาชญากรรมและการใช้อำนาจโดยมิชอบ เพื่อนำไปสู่การเสนอแนวทางการพัฒนาระบบการช่วยเหลือเยียวยาผู้เสียหายในคดีอาญา โดยเป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ เก็บข้อมูลโดยวิธีการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญ จำนวน 23 ราย ประกอบการวิเคราะห์บทความและบทสัมภาษณ์ในสื่อออนไลน์ ผลการศึกษาพบว่า สภาพปัญหาในการดำเนินการช่วยเหลือเยียวยาผู้เสียหายในคดีอาญา มีหลายประการที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อผู้เสียหาย ครอบครัว ญาติ และบุคคลใกล้ชิดผู้เสียหาย และผลกระทบต่อรัฐ อีกทั้งยังมีประเด็นการช่วยเหลือเยียวยาผู้เสียหายในคดีอาญาที่ยังไม่สอดคล้องตามปฏิญญาสากลในหลายส่วน ข้อเสนอเชิงนโยบายที่สำคัญ คือ การแก้ไขพระราชบัญญัติค่าตอบแทนผู้เสียหายและค่าทดแทนและค่าใช้จ่ายแก่จำเลยในคดีอาญา และกฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้อง ในประเด็นที่ส่งผลกระทบต่อสิทธิของผู้เสียหาย ลดขั้นตอนการดำเนินงาน สร้างความชัดเจนในภารกิจหน้าที่ของหน่วยงานที่เกี่ยวข้อง และบริหารจัดการข้อมูลระหว่างหน่วยงานในประเทศให้เป็นหนึ่งเดียว รวมถึงการจัดวางกลไกการชดเชยความเสียหายระหว่างผู้กระทำผิดและรัฐใหม่ พร้อมจัดตั้งกองทุนเหยื่ออาชญากรรม ให้เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานสากล เสริมด้วยการปลูกฝังเรื่องสิทธิมนุษยชนในระบบการศึกษา ควบคู่กับการวางนโยบายเพื่อป้องกันอาชญากรรมในสังคม เพื่อเป็นปราการปกป้อง คุ้มครองสิทธิแก่ประชาชนอย่างยั่งยืน

Healing Communities With Police Divestment: Seeking Abolition Through Transformative Reform And Community-Government Collaboration, Jessica E. Gillson

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Concerns about the efficacy and sustainability of the U.S. carceral system have persisted throughout the country’s history, recently fueling renewed activism and bipartisan calls for reform. However, proposed solutions remain divisive. This thesis first defines the current status of our prison systems, then explores collaborative alternatives to incarceration and policing that support communities and break cycles of incarceration.

Focusing on partnerships among local governments, community organizations, justice-involved individuals, and law enforcement, this study examines holistic approaches to crime prevention, reentry, and reintegration. Using an interdisciplinary framework incorporating restorative justice, community resilience, and systems theory, it investigates how community-based strategies can …

Alternate Approaches: Beyond Problem-Solving Courts, Erin Collins

Law Faculty Publications

Problem-solving courts were born out of a well-meaning experimentalist spirit, a spirit that is very much in line with the vision of a recent symposium on the multidoor criminal courthouse. These courts, which include drug courts, mental health courts, veterans courts, and many other specialized criminal courts, were created as a way to close one door to the criminal courthouse — the so-called “revolving door” that appeared to bring some people accused of crimes back into court as soon as they exited. Problem-solving court judges sought to open a different door for some of those who entered their courtrooms, one …

Web Of Exploitation: The Psychological Need For Comprehensive Federal Law To Combat Cyber Sexual Abuse, Sarah E. Bahrenburg

Journal of Race, Gender, and Ethnicity

Cyber sexual abuse inflicts deep and lasting psychological harm on victims, often exacerbating the trauma of traditional sexual abuse due to the permanence and reach of digital content. Survivors may experience depression, anxiety, PTSD, and suicidal ideation as intimate images, videos, or messages resurface indefinitely online. Despite the severity of its impact, current state and federal legal protections are limited and inconsistent, leaving many victims without adequate criminal or civil remedies. This article argues for the creation of comprehensive federal legislation specifically targeting cyber sexual abuse. Such laws would not only provide clearer paths to justice and accountability but also …

Cause Of Death? -- It's Probably Not What's Reported On The Death Certificate, Lauren R. Roth

Lewis & Clark Law Review

In the age of big data, this country has a data problem—inaccurate and incomplete information in death certificates. The problem has long been hidden by the numbers reported—as have the people whose deaths go uncounted, but the COVID-19 pandemic unveiled the scope of the issue. Since the beginning of the pandemic, “excess deaths” (i.e., any deaths above the number predicted by existing mortality models) have increased significantly. Most of these excess deaths are likely attributable to COVID-19 because the decedent was never tested for COVID-19 or it was one of multiple factors contributing to their death. Other deaths are uncounted …

You Get The Jury You Get And You Don’T Throw A Fit, Taurus Myhand

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Don’T Black Lives Matter? Confronting The Problem Of Disproportionate Black Victimization, Paul H Robinson, Jeffrey Seaman

Fordham Urban Law Journal

No abstract provided.

Time For A New War Crimes Commission?, Diane Marie Amann

Scholarly Works

This essay begins by exposing gaps in accountability in the wake of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022. It explains why neither the International Criminal Court nor any other body is authorized to pursue all the crimes of that war, and then considers whether a more comprehensive approach might be found in the United Nations War Crimes Commission. In its five years of operation  (1943–1948) that multilateral institution gathered information on tens of thousands of potential suspects, and helped to coordinate trials against many of them – not only the Nuremberg proceedings, but also in Allied zones of occupation …

Maternal Incarceration, Adolescent Delinquency, And Siblings, Tracey L. Woodard

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Researchers have estimated that approximately 2.7 million children in the United States have a parent in jail or prison. Since 1991, the number of children with a father in prison grew by 77%, while the number of children with a mother in prison more than doubled (131%). In examining the consequences of maternal incarceration on children, many researchers have found an association between negative child outcomes and maternal incarceration. However, not all research has produced the same conclusions, thus yielding heterogeneous findings. It is essential to understand the factors that may explain the variation in outcomes of children experiencing maternal …

Lgbtqia+ Hate Crimes And State Non-Discrimination Policies: An Analysis, Jillian Jones

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

While LGBTQIA+ rights have been increasing in the United States for decades, many states do not have non-discrimination policies that protect individuals based on their gender identity and sexual orientation. This lack in protection leaves many LGBTQIA+ individuals vulnerable to experiencing discrimination and harassment, which could lead to hate crimes, cultivating an environment of passive tolerance rather than active resistance. Active resistance can be achieved through the passage of non-discrimination policies, as well as addressing minority stress that LGBTQIA+ individuals can be susceptible to when they are actively experiencing or anticipating discrimination and harassment. This research paper addresses whether the …

Automating International Human Rights Adjudication, Veronika Fikfak, Laurence R. Helfer

Faculty Scholarship

International human rights courts and treaty bodies are increasingly turning to automated decision-making (“ADM”) technologies to expedite and enhance their review of individual complaints. These tribunals have yet to consider many of the legal, normative, and practical issues raised by the use of different types of automation technologies for these purposes. This article offers a comprehensive and balanced assessment of the benefits and challenges of introducing ADM into international human rights adjudication. We argue in favor of using ADM to digitize documents and for internal case management purposes and to make straightforward recommendations regarding registration, inadmissibility, and the calculation of …

Racial Disparities In Crime-Based Removal Proceedings, Emily Ryo, Ian Peacock, Weston Ley, Christopher Levesque

Faculty Scholarship

Whether and to what extent racial minorities experience harsher treatment or face worse outcomes in court are questions of fundamental importance for any justice system. Questions of racial inequality are especially salient in the context of removal proceedings that are triggered by immigrants’ criminal history. Many individuals in crime-based removal proceedings are immigrants of color who face a host of legal disadvantages that are tantamount to double penalties for the same crime for which they have already been punished through the criminal justice system. This Article offers, for the first time, systematic empirical analyses of crime-based removal proceedings decided between …

Artificial Intelligence And Procedural Due Process, Brandon L. Garrett

Faculty Scholarship

Artificial intelligence (AI) violates procedural due process rights if the government uses it to deprive people of life, liberty, and property without adequate notice or an opportunity to be heard. A wide range of government agencies deploy AI systems, including in courts, law enforcement, public benefits administration, and national security. If the government refuses to disclose the reasons why it denied a person bail, public benefits, or immigration status, serious due process concerns arise. If the government delegates such tasks to an AI system, the due process analysis does not change. One asks whether a person received adequate notice and …

Criminalization Of Immigration, Emily Ryo, Jennifer M. Chacón, Cecilia Menjívar

Faculty Scholarship

This article presents a critical analysis of social scientific research from the past fifteen years on the criminalization of immigration in the United States. Our review reveals three central themes. First, although immigration law is considered federal civil law, immigration enforcement has become substantially intertwined with criminal law enforcement in ways that have broad-ranging and radiating effects on immigrant communities of color. Second, race plays an important bidirectional role in the increasing criminalization of immigration. Specifically, criminalizing immigration results in the racialization of certain immigrant groups as dangerous outsiders, and such racialization has the effect of sustaining and promoting the …

Trauma-Informed Courts? How Judges May Influence Kids’ Experiences Of Court, Eva Mckinsey, Amelia Ashton Thorn, Minjee Kristin Kim, Catherine Gorey

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Perspectives On The International Criminal Court And International Criminal Law And Procedure: A Symposium In Memory Of Megan Fairlie, Howard Wasserman

FIU Law Review

No abstract provided.

Vol. 53, No. 2: Table Of Contents, Denver Journal Of International Law & Policy

Denver Journal of International Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Vol. 53, No. 2: Full Issue, Denver Journal Of International Law & Policy

Denver Journal of International Law & Policy

No abstract provided.

Sex Crimes And Progressive Prosecution: Reimagining Sex Offenses And Sorn Laws As An Opportunity For Criminal Justice Reform, Kana Turley

Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology

As progressive efforts to reform the U.S. criminal legal system continue to take form, one category of crime has been consistently overlooked: sex offenses. While the carceral system is often condemned for its excessive punitiveness, severe punishments for sex offenders remain largely unchallenged and even popular. A primary example of these punishments is sex offender registration and notification (SORN) laws, which significantly constrain the lives of sex offenders after they have served their time in prison. Though subject to decades of empirical criticism from scholars, much of which has found that SORN laws have no significant impact on sex offender …

Hostos Community College Academic Bulletin 2024-2025, Hostos Community College

College Bulletins

This is the official college catalog for 2024-2025. It contains course descriptions as well as information on degree programs, college resources and services, financial aid, admissions, and the academic calendar.

Business Law In The Ring: Nevada's Rebel Rules Versus Delaware's Corporate Crown, Kalin Sokell, Collin Weires

Nevada Law Journal Forum

This White Paper will begin with an analysis of specialized courts, starting with the Delaware Court of Chancery. It will then compare Delaware’s courts with the business courts in Texas and Nevada and will provide a detailed implementation plan for a specialized business court in Nevada. Next, this White Paper will address the differences between the corporate laws in Nevada and Delaware, including the benefits of incorporating in Nevada versus Delaware. The White Paper will then briefly discuss the proposed general jurisdiction bill in Nevada, and why it ultimately failed. Finally, this White Paper will end with remarks on where …

Examining The Relationship Between Racial, Ethnic, And Economic Residential Segregation And Cigarette Smoking Among A Nationally Representative Sample Of Young Adults, Shyanika W. Rose, Mary Kay Rayens, Mona Azadi, Elexis C. Kierstead, Amanda Y. Kong, Kimberly Horn

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Introduction

Predominantly Black, Hispanic or Latino, and lower-income communities are overexposed to tobacco. This study investigated the relationship between cigarette smoking and racial/ethnic and economic segregation using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE). Aims and Methods

A nationally representative sample of 4091 (aged 18–34 years) was surveyed between September and October 2016. We calculated census-tract population estimates to form ICE measures for ethnicity, race, income, ethnicity and income, and race and income. Quintiles were determined, with Quintile 1 (Q1) representing the most Hispanic/Latino, Black, and lowest-income neighborhoods and Q5 representing the most non-Hispanic/Latino, White, and highest-income neighborhoods. State …

Examining How Adverse Childhood Experiences, Resilience, And Social Support Influence Academic Satisfaction, Zoe Caldwell

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

College students face many challenges while working toward their educational goals (Meneghel et al., 2019). Although stressors may not seem significant, they are important to address as the effects accumulate over time and can have a negative impact on students' performance (Gresham & Karatekin, 2023). Without the impact of ACEs, children would be better equipped with skills that could help them continue with higher education, gain better employment, and break the cycle of trauma for any future children. Resilience can help students cope with challenges and improve their chances of graduation and academic success (Myat Zaw et al., 2022). One …

Framed By Education: Labeling, Stigma, And The Behavioral Pathways Of Alternative School Students, Abigail Dempsey

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Alternative education has emerged as a critical part of the education system, addressing the needs of students who face academic, behavioral, or personal challenges. However, concerns persist about their long-term effectiveness and the stigma associated with alternative school placements. This study examines how stigma tied to alternative school placements impacts delinquency outcomes among adolescents, utilizing labeling theory as a conceptual framework. Drawing on longitudinal data from the Pathways to Desistance dataset, this research explores the relationships between school placement, self-perception of success, and delinquent behaviors. It also serves to investigate whether labeling of an alternative school placement creates a self-fulfilling …

Contextualizing Violence Against Women: The Influence Of Social Solidarity On Attitudes Toward Gendered Violence In Bangladesh, Tasnia Symoom

Theses and Dissertations--Political Science

Existing theories, such as Social Identity Theory, Social Dominance Theory, and the Black Sheep Effect, explain how group biases shape social attitudes but overlook the role of social contexts, such as relational dynamics, hierarchical stability, and norm violations, in influencing attitudes toward violence against women (VAW). This research addresses that gap by advancing the Selective Solidarity Theory (SST), which integrates group identity processes with contextual factors to explain selective support for perpetrators or victims based on identity and circumstance.

Using an original national survey experiment in Bangladesh, the study examines how gender, religious affiliation, and political partisanship affect public …

An Intersectional Exploration And Analogue Investigation Of Transgender And Gender Diverse Bi+ Women’S Preferences For Sexual Violence Vulnerability Reduction Interventions, Sara K. Kuhn

Theses and Dissertations

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) bisexual+ (bi+, e.g., pansexual, polysexual) women disproportionately experience sexual violence victimization and their acceptability of applicable interventions is under-researched. Online self-report data was collected from 240 ethnoracially diverse bi+ adult American women, who identified as TGD (n = 69) or cisgender (cis; n = 171), and who read standardized descriptions of interventions. TGD bi+ women found intervention descriptions inclusive of their sexual and gender identities—and those including in-person active resistance strategy instruction (bystander/self-defense)—more acceptable. Intervention descriptions with alcohol use and/or sexual activity reduction components were largely found to be less acceptable. Intervention elements of importance …

Student Participation In Informal Resolution: Examination Of Impact Factors On Recidivism And Student Perceptions Of Institutional Care And Fairness, Linnea Rose Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

This exploratory case study, conducted at the University of North Dakota (UND), examined factors influencing recidivism and student perceptions of institutional care and fairness among participants in the piloted Informal Resolution (IR) option. A restorative justice (RJ)-informed alternative to the traditional student conduct process, the IR is offered to students charged with first-time, low-level violations of UND’s code of conduct. This study aimed not only to evaluate the new process but also to respond to recent calls from scholars and practitioners for more extensive research on the intersection of RJ and student conduct outcomes. Sherman’s (1993) defiance theory provided the …

Codec-M: The Multi-Lingual Manosphere Subcorpus Of The Corpus Of Digital Extremism And Conspiracies, Rachel Mccullough, Daniel Drylie, Mindl Barta, Cass Dykeman, Daniel Smith

English Faculty Publications

In 2023, the U.S. Surgeon General warned the public of the current “loneliness epidemic” and its potential consequences on physical and mental health. One possible consequence of this epidemic is the growth of a movement defined by loneliness and isolation: the incel (“involuntary celibate”) movement. This warning presents a worrying glimpse at the future, as the incel movement, along with other parts of the manosphere, is one that espouses violently misogynist rhetoric which is intrinsically linked to right-wing extremism. While linguistic studies have been conducted on the speech of incels and other constituent movements of the manosphere, few of these …

The Effect Of Need For Closure, Gender Essentialism, And Contact On Transphobia, Jacob E. Vargas

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Using a motivated social cognition framework, this study explores whether there is an indirect effect of need for closure on transphobia via gender essentialism and whether this relationship is moderated by transgender contact. Data were collected from an undergraduate sample of 405 cisgender participants (n_men = 159, n_women = 246). A simple mediation and a moderated mediation were used to examine the hypothesized relationships, controlling for participant gender. Results reinforced the positive correlation between gender essentialism and transphobia and the negative correlation between transgender contact and transphobia. However, the mediation and moderation hypotheses were not supported. Need …