Digital Commons Network^™

Texas Region Two Crossover Youth Practice Model Proposed Pilot Study, Erin Snider

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT The term crossover youth refers to children who have been abused or neglected, participated in delinquent behavior, and are involved in the child welfare and juvenile justice system. The purpose of this study was to gain information about the current crossover youth population within Texas Region Two, who could potentially benefit from the Crossover Youth Practice Model (CYPM).This proposed pilot study advocates for the implementation of the CYPM in Abilene, Texas, which is one of the counties in Region Two and a place that has not yet enacted protocols and specific services for the crossover youth population. This was …

The Impact Of Social-Emotional Training On Social-Emotional Development In Students Based On Student Grade And Teacher Experience, Qian Hui Lim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research suggests that early childhood is a sensitive developmental period for social and emotional development, and early intervention leading to social-emotional skills in preschool years is significantly associated with positive outcomes later in life. Many preschool children are reported to already experience social-emotional problems, but very few teachers have received training to implement social-emotional development programs. Educational institutions must carry the responsibility of promoting children’s social and emotional development because most young children spend the majority of their time learning and socializing in school. This study sought to add to current literature by looking into the effects of student grade …

Adverse Childhood Experiences: The Influence Of Poly-Victimization On Adolescent Delinquency And Adult Criminality, Samantha Qualkenbush

Master's Theses

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are under-researched and a large part of unrecognized child victims. Although there is considerable research on trauma and adverse experiences in children, there are gaps in research concerning specific types of offending and specific ACEs. The purpose of this study is to determine if specific types of ACEs, or combinations of ACEs, influence children in differing ways related to adolescent delinquency and adult criminality. Analyses of previously collected data, specifically considering information on differences in the average number and likelihood of offenses for both juveniles and adults provides intriguing results. In concurrence with previous research, this …

The Limits And Possibilities Of Data-Driven Antitrafficking Efforts, Jennifer Musto Ph.D.

Georgia State University Law Review

An examination of technology in the countertrafficking space reveals recurring tensions between law enforcement and rights-based approaches. It also illuminates assumptions, such as the one that posits more law enforcement-focused, nonstate-actor-supported data-driven efforts are necessary to securing justice for people in trafficking situations. However, a closer look at how technology is used and by whom also invites us to ask different questions and to leverage the power of our all-too-human creative potential in thinking about how to value and prioritize data ethics, transparency, and accountability in future countertrafficking work.

Evaluation Of The Reach Program In Juvenile Detention, Samantha Burgett, Eseosasere Okundaye, Abby Koselke

Symposium on Research and Creative Expression (SORCE)

Although mentorship programs have been determined to be effective in promoting positive outcomes in youth and in decreasing delinquency, there is a significant gap in the literature in terms of implementation and evaluation of mentoring programs within juvenile detention facilities. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the REACH program, a violence prevention and delinquency intervention curriculum which the researchers implemented from September through December 2019 within the Porter County Juvenile Detention Center. The REACH curriculum is centered around four key program components: 1) Self-esteem enhancement, 2) Decision-making skills, 3) Setting post-release goals, and 4) Sense …

Executive Privilege - With A Catch: How A Crime-Fraud Exception To Executive Privilege Would Facilitate Congressional Oversight Of Executive Branch Malfeasance In Accordance With The Constitution's Separation Of Powers, Anthony W. Wassef

Cornell Law Review

A crime-fraud exception to assertions of executive privilege in response to congressional subpoenas would help level the playing field between the two branches in those moments when Congress is most needed to serve as a check and balance on the executive branch. A crime-fraud exception would signal to executive branch officials that executive privilege will not conceal their malfeasance; would counteract hyperpartisanship as a force that insulates executive branch officials from the consequences of their actions; and would rein in the expansive reach of protective assertions of executive privilege. For years, Congress has surrendered power to the executive branch. A …

Ce 565 Syllabus: Theory And Practice, Mitch Moore

Counselor Education Syllabi

This course provides students with an overview of various theoretical orientations, models, and methods for delivering client education and treatment from both and individual and group perspectives. Students will be introduced to evidenced-based treatment approaches, including motivational interviewing/ enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioral approaches, and 12-Step facilitation, and others. Working with clients in crisis and with co-occurring disorders will be emphasized.

A Comparative Analysis Of Identity Theft Within America And Australia, Vincent Alagna

Criminal Justice

Identity theft is a very prevalent crime within the United States that has substantial repercussions on society. This study analyzes factors that potentially contribute to America’s elevated rate of identity theft in relation to Australia in order to reveal its cause. It was ultimately found that the United States experiences a greater amount of computer usage within its country, has the ability to implement a stricter prison sentence on those convicted of committing identity theft in accordance with its legal code, and has a greater conviction rate while Australia has a higher prosecution rate. These findings, when applied in the …

Correlates Of Compliance In Community Diversion Programs: An Outline For Offender Characteristic Analysis, Emily O'Halloran

Criminal Justice

Restorative Justice Programs have become an increasingly popular alternative to incarceration. Two restorative programs that exist within the Capital Region of New York are discussed and used as a baseline. This paper will lay the framework for conducting an analysis of these types of programs in order to examine the individual traits offenders partaking in the program poses and whether they affect their likelihood of complying. The information needed to perform a meaningful statistical analysis is established, along with hypothetical potential outcomes.

Family Annihilators: The Psychological Profiles Of Murderous Fathers, Taylor Oathout

Criminal Justice

Yardley, Wilson, and Lynes (2014), in their study of British family annihilators between 1980 and 2012, established four profiles of familicide offenders: self-righteous, disappointed, anomic, and paranoid. This paper located 39 cases of familicide within the United States between 2009 and 2019 using LexisNexis. Familicide is defined as a domestic crime where a father murders at least one of his biological children and the children’s mother. Cases were categorized by analyzing the relationship between the offenders’ primary motives and features of the crime and offender. Primary motives were family breakdown, appearance, financial distress, mental illness, and protection. Features included domestic …

Ud In The News April 25-May 1, University Of Dayton

News Releases

Athletic Business magazine wrote about how UD Arena quickly transformed from an NCAA tournament site to a COVID-19 testing site. Several local media featured efforts to assist students in need and the River Stewards book about Dayton's rivers for quarantined kids, plus faculty experts discussing the financial markets and voting by mail.

Missing In Action: The International Crime Of The Slave Trade, Patricia Viseur Sellers, Jocelyn Getgen Kestenbaum

Articles

The slave trade prohibition is among the first recognized and least prosecuted international crimes. Deftly codified in, inter alia, the 1926 Slavery Convention, the 1956 Supplementary Convention, Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions (AP II), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the norm against the slave trade — the precursor to slavery — stands as a peremptory norm, a crime under customary international law, a humanitarian law prohibition and a non-derogable human right. Acts of the slave trade remain prevalent in armed conflicts, including those committed under the Islamic State …

Floating Lungs: Forensic Science In Self-Induced Abortion Prosecutions, Aziza Ahmed

Faculty Scholarship

Pregnancy that ends in stillbirth or late miscarriage—particularly where a person gives birth outside of a hospital—raises the specter of criminal behavior. To successfully prosecute a person for the death of a child, however, requires proving that the child was born alive. Prosecutors mobilize forensic science as an objective way to determine life. This Essay focuses on one such forensic method: the hydrostatic lung test (“HLT”), also known as the floating lung test (“FLT”). Although there are debates about the “correct” way to perform the exam, in essence, the test requires that a forensic scientist take pieces of the lung …

Temporal Localization Of Video Topics Using The Yt8m Dataset: An Exploration, Katherine Riedling

Honors Scholar Theses

Due to the progress made in computing resources and artificial intelligence, applications in computer vision have gained a lot of traction over the past decade. One such application applies to video understanding and content analysis, which are the main goals of the annual YouTube-8M Video Understanding Challenge. In the newest challenge, the aim is to localize events to specific video segments in addition to discerning the main topics of the video. This paper introduces and presents a broad overview of techniques, data, and the top-performing algorithms presented at the International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) conference last year. Ensemble methods …

In Defense Of Empiricism In Family Law, Elizabeth S. Scott

Notre Dame Law Review

It is fitting to include an essay defending the application of empirical research to family law and policy in a symposium honoring the scholarly career of Peg Brinig, who is probably the leading empiricist working in family law. While such a defense might seem unnecessary, given the expanding role of behavioral, social, and biological research in shaping the regulation of children and families, prominent scholars recently have raised concerns about the trend toward reliance on empirical science in this field. A part of the criticism is directed at the quality of the science itself and at the lack of sophistication …

Understanding Violent-Crime Recidivism, J.J. Prescott, Benjamin Pyle, Sonja B. Starr

Notre Dame Law Review

People convicted of violent crimes constitute a majority of the imprisoned population but are generally ignored by existing policies aimed at reducing mass incarceration. Serious efforts to shrink the large footprint of the prison system will need to recognize this fact. This point is especially pressing at the time of this writing, as states and the federal system consider large-scale prison releases motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Those convicted of violent crimes constitute a large majority of older prisoners, who are extremely vulnerable to the spread of the virus behind bars. Excluding them from protective measures will deeply undermine those …

Finding Voice From The Inside: How Postsecondary Education Impacted Perceptions Of Higher Education For Long-Term Incarcerated Juveniles, Gregory Barraza

Education (PhD) Dissertations

There is a gap in the literature with regard to postsecondary opportunities for incarcerated youth. Minimal research and curriculum design are rarely available for the purpose of improving juvenile postsecondary correctional education thereby limiting recidivism rates of students in the juvenile justice system. The pilot program in this study attempted to provide a complete and comprehensive university program for long-term incarcerated juveniles to get them on track to obtain a bachelor’s degree. This dissertation addresses the high school experiences, including the School to Prison Pipeline and the academic experience to provide background information, justifying the importance of creating postsecondary academic …

The Evolution Of Juvenile Justice From The Book Of Leviticus To Parens Patriae: The Next Step After In Re Gault, Donald E. Mcinnis, Shannon Cullen, Julia Schon

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

Since the arrival of the Pilgrims, American jurisprudence has known that its law-breaking children must be treated differently than adults. How children are treated by the law raises ethical and constitutional issues. This Article questions the current approach, which applies adult due process protections to children who are unable to fully understand their constitutional rights and the consequences of waiving those rights. The authors propose new Miranda warnings and a Bill of Rights for Children to protect children and their constitutional right to due process under the law.

Sentenced To Surveillance: Fourth Amendment Limits On Electronic Monitoring, Kate Weisburd

North Carolina Law Review

No abstract provided.

Police Sexual Violence: Police Brutality, #Metoo, And Masculinities, Dara Purvis, Melissa Blanco

Faculty Scholarship

A woman alleges that she was raped by a police officer while in police custody. The police officer acknowledges that he had sexual intercourse with the woman but argues that she consented to the interaction. Despite the clear power imbalance and troubling context of the sexual activity, in a majority of U.S. states, if the police officer convinces even one member of a jury that their activity was consensual, then the officer cannot be convicted. Consent is a defense to allegations of sexual assault—even when the alleged assault occurs while the victim is in the custody of the perpetrator.

Allegations …

The Importance Of Platform Producers’ Reputation Signals And Product Type On Product Performance In Peer-To-Peer Platforms, Aubrey Johnson

All Theses

On two-sided peer-to-peer platforms there exists a supply side (producers) and a demand side (consumers). Platform owners provide the platforms that assist in efficiently matching producers and consumers and an infrastructure that producers can take advantage of to signal quality to consumers. This study examines the effects of producer signals on product performance in the context of Airbnb, a peer-to-peer home sharing platform. Adjusting for producers with multiple listings, the analysis uses 77,445 listings from the platform to produce regression models which tests whether signals are positively related to product performance and if the relationship between producer signals and product …

Leadership Development And Service Learning: A Case Study Of The Human Ecology Social Impact Assessment, Joseph Aaron Tonjuk

All Theses

Civic engagement, personal growth, and cognitive development are just a few beneficial outcomes that students gain when they participate in service-learning courses. Assessing these outcomes is often challenging; determining an ideal outcome, like leadership development, can be especially so. Leadership development as an outcome for students who participate in a service-learning is an understudied area, especially for how students develop leadership in a service-learning course throughout the semester, which critical incidents are identified as impacting student’s leadership development, and how a service-learning course that utilizes Social Impact Assessment (SIA) influences these outcomes. Designed as a case study, this research describes …

Residential Status And Satisfaction With China’S Public Health Services, Ye Jiao

All Theses

This thesis examined the joint effect of hukou (household registration) status and residence location on people’s satisfaction with public health services in China. It also examines the role of education level, media use (official and unofficial), perception of equality, self–rated social status, self–rated health status, public health insurance participation in the relationship between residential status and satisfaction with public health services. This thesis found that hukou status and residence location have significantly joint effect on satisfaction. Satisfaction score is the highest among those with rural residence and rural hukou, followed by urban individuals with rural hukou, with urban individuals with …

Cell-Site Location Information And The Privacies Of Life: The Impact Of Carpenter V. United States, Trevor Moore

Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review

No abstract provided.

Big M’S Forgotten Legacy Of Freedom, Jamie Cameron

Articles & Book Chapters

Part of a collection of papers on section 2’s “forgotten freedoms” (forthcoming (2020), 100 S.C.L.R.(2d)), “Big M’s Forgotten Legacy of Freedom” returns to the Supreme Court of Canada’s foundational concept of freedom as the absence of coercion or constraint. That early and important legacy of freedom under the Charter failed to inspire and influence the evolution of section 2, especially section 2(b)’s guarantee of expressive freedom and section 2(d)’s guarantee of associational freedom. This paper both claims and demonstrates that section 2’s fundamental freedoms have been less meaningful as a result. In doing so, it places emphasis on …

Law Is What The Judge Had For Breakfast: A Brief History Of An Unpalatable Idea, Dan Priel

Articles & Book Chapters

According to a familiar adage the legal realists equated law with what the judge had for breakfast. As this is sometimes used to ridicule the realists, prominent defenders of legal realism have countered that none of the realists ever entertained any such idea. In this Essay I show that this is inaccurate. References to this idea are found in the work of Karl Llewellyn and Jerome Frank, as well as in the works of their contemporaries, both friends and foes. However, the Essay also shows that the idea is improperly attributed to the legal realists, as there are many references …

The Effect Of Viewing Distance On Empirical Discriminability And The Confidence–Accuracy Relationship For Eyewitness Identification, Robert F. Lockamyeir, Curt A. Carlson, Alyssa R. Jones, Maria A. Carlson, Dawn R. Weatherford

Psychology Faculty Publications (Archived)

The distance from which an eyewitness views a perpetrator is a critical factor for eyewitness identification, but has received little research attention. We presented three mock-crime videos to participants, varying distance to three perpetrators (3, 10, or 20 m). Across two experiments, increased distance reduced empirical discriminability in the form of a mirror effect, such that correct identifications decreased while false identifications increased. Moreover, high confidence identifications were associated with high accuracy at 3 m (Experiment 1 and 2) and 10 m (Experiment 2), but not at 20 m. We conclude that eyewitnesses may be less likely to identify a …

The Stigmatization Of Hunger: The Impact Of Social Stigma On Arkansas Youths’ Food Security, Emily Thompson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

In Arkansas, 26.3% of children are food insecure, meaning they do not have enough or lack the ability to obtain enough food for adequate nutrition (Miller 2019). In recent years, a new phenomenon has been taking place called lunch shaming where children are sometimes forced to wear signs or handstamps that say the child’s lunch account is overdue. This research analyzes how the media frames food insecurity and how perceived social stigmas affect a student’s willingness to seek out help when struggling with food security.

Expungement Of Criminal Convictions: An Empirical Study, J.J. Prescott, Sonja B. Starr

Articles

Laws permitting the expungement of criminal convictions are a key component of modern criminal justice reform efforts and have been the subject of a recent upsurge in legislative activity. This debate has been almost entirely devoid of evidence about the laws’ effects, in part because the necessary data (such as sealed records themselves) have been unavailable. We were able to obtain access to de-identified data that overcome that problem, and we use it to carry out a comprehensive statewide study of expungement recipients and comparable nonrecipients in Michigan. We offer three key sets of empirical findings. First, among those legally …

Understanding Violent-Crime Recidivism, J.J. Prescott, Benjamin Pyle, Sonja B. Starr

Articles

People convicted of violent crimes constitute a majority of the imprisoned population but are generally ignored by existing policies aimed at reducing mass incarceration. Serious efforts to shrink the large footprint of the prison system will need to recognize this fact. This point is especially pressing at the time of this writing, as states and the federal system consider large-scale prison releases motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Those convicted of violent crimes constitute a large majority of older prisoners, who are extremely vulnerable to the spread of the virus behind bars. Excluding them from protective measures will deeply undermine those …