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A Case Study Of Self-Representation On Twitter: A Gender Analysis Of How Student-Athletes Portray Themselves, Bo Li, Sarah Stokowski, Stephen W. Dittmore, John R. Malmo, David T. Rolfe Jan 2017

A Case Study Of Self-Representation On Twitter: A Gender Analysis Of How Student-Athletes Portray Themselves, Bo Li, Sarah Stokowski, Stephen W. Dittmore, John R. Malmo, David T. Rolfe

Global Sport Business Journal

Throughout sports coverage, mass media has been blamed for masculine hegemony, which often includes a lack of exposure regarding female sports and over emphasizing “femininity.” The emergence of social media provides athletes the opportunities to portray themselves, increase their brand equity, and directly interact with other sport media consumers. Informed by self-presentation theory, this case study is an attempt to investigate whether gender difference exists between female and male student-athletes in term of the way they portray themselves on Twitter. The profiles, background pictures, bibliographies and the content of tweets from 100 NCAA Division I student-athletes’ Twitter accounts were selected …


A New Approach: Measuring Athlete Brand Personality On Twitter, Matthew Blaszka, Patrick Walsh, Galen Clavio, Antonio Williams Jan 2017

A New Approach: Measuring Athlete Brand Personality On Twitter, Matthew Blaszka, Patrick Walsh, Galen Clavio, Antonio Williams

Global Sport Business Journal

The purpose of this study was to identify brand personality characteristics of athletes. Prior to the study, a pretest was conducted to identify athlete-based brand personality items that could apply to any athlete. After conducting the pretest, 16 brand personality characteristics were identified. These items included: athletic, confident, cool, exciting, flashy, fun, happy, hardworking, humorous, leader, lively, masculine, strong, successful, trendy, and tough. In order to ensure the identity of all athlete brand personality characteristics were found, a thematic analysis was conducted which confirmed six additional athlete brand personality characteristics bringing the total number of characteristics to 22. These characteristics …


Purchase Motivations Of Premium Seating Buyers Within College Athletics, Nels Popp, Allie Macaione, Erianne Weight Jan 2017

Purchase Motivations Of Premium Seating Buyers Within College Athletics, Nels Popp, Allie Macaione, Erianne Weight

Global Sport Business Journal

Increasingly college athletics administrators at NCAA Division I institutions are selling premium seating within their football stadia in order to generate greater revenues to meet increasing department expenses. Selling premium seating requires sellers and marketers who understand specific buyer interests and motivations. However, little research exists examining such motivations based on data collected from actual consumers, particularly in a collegiate athletics setting. Utilizing an instrument to measure premium seating buyer motivation developed by Titlebaum and Lawrence (2010), data was collected from premium seating buyers (both club seats and suites) at an NCAA Division I Power 5 institution. While suite buyers …


So Where Do You Work Now?: Examining The Factors That Influence Career Choices Of Sport Management Graduates, Matthew J. Garrett, David A. Pierce Jan 2017

So Where Do You Work Now?: Examining The Factors That Influence Career Choices Of Sport Management Graduates, Matthew J. Garrett, David A. Pierce

Global Sport Business Journal

Students seeking to leverage their sport management degree into full-time employment in the sport business industry (SBI) face a variety of challenges from low pay and personal finances to personal relationships and work-life balance. This study uses a mixed methods approach to examine how the constraints impacted the career trajectory of 124 recent graduates from a private and religiously affiliated liberal arts college in the Midwest between 2007 and 2014. The study examines the perceived capacity of individuals to make occupational choices despite external constraints. Swanson, Daniels, and Tokar’s (1996) Career Barriers Inventory is used to frame the discussion of …


A Proposal For A Rating System For Sport Management / Sport Administration Programs, Susan Mullane, Michael Fraina Jan 2017

A Proposal For A Rating System For Sport Management / Sport Administration Programs, Susan Mullane, Michael Fraina

Global Sport Business Journal

Data for a proposed rating system were collected through focus groups and surveys to determine factors considered important for evaluating Sport Management/Sport Administration programs. Respondents (n = 43) were asked to rank, in order, the ten most important variables toward Sport Management/Sport Administration program evaluation for undergraduate, graduate and doctoral programs. An open-ended question was included to account for any additional criteria that may have been neglected. A response rate of 35% was achieved. Results indicated that different variables ranked highest at the various levels (i.e., “Curriculum” for undergraduate and master’s programs, “Faculty Scholarship and Reputation” for doctoral programs). Additional …


Why Referees Stay In The Game, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Kyungun R. Kim Jan 2017

Why Referees Stay In The Game, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Kyungun R. Kim

Global Sport Business Journal

Current trends indicate the number of qualified sports officials continues to dwindle. Therefore, this research sought to better understand reasons for initial entry, continuation, and potential discontinuation with officiating, while also identifying problematic issues, and potential solutions. Content analysis was utilized to examine five open-ended online survey responses from 2,485 referees. The results indicate that Enjoyable Affiliation (58%) and Remuneration (14%) were key to referees becoming involved in officiating. Those two themes, Enjoyable Affiliation (75%) and Remuneration (14%), were also identified as important to retaining officials. Physical Limitations were mentioned by 58% of the respondents regarding why they plan to …


Exercising Inclusion: A Case Study Exploring A Fitness Center Staff's Approach Toward Serving Clients With Disabilities, Joshua R. Pate, Julie Wallace Carr Jan 2017

Exercising Inclusion: A Case Study Exploring A Fitness Center Staff's Approach Toward Serving Clients With Disabilities, Joshua R. Pate, Julie Wallace Carr

Global Sport Business Journal

Nearly twice the number of U.S. adults with disabilities are inactive compared to U.S. adults without disabilities, and prior research has identified multiple barriers that prevent people with disabilities from exercising at fitness centers. The purpose of this case study was to explore the inclusion qualities present at a health and fitness center through the functional dimension of service quality and by using systems theory as a framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five employees at a fitness center, and a researcher participating in a progressive exercise program journaled about the experience. Analysis revealed that the fitness center served people …


What Customers Want: Defining Engagement On Social Media In Sport, Rebecca M. Achen, Katie Lebel, Galen Clavio Jan 2017

What Customers Want: Defining Engagement On Social Media In Sport, Rebecca M. Achen, Katie Lebel, Galen Clavio

Global Sport Business Journal

While social media provide channels to engage customers, social media engagement is neither a well-defined nor well-understood term. The purpose of this study was to examine how sport fans view their own social media engagement, better understand what social media engagement means to them, and work to discover what types of social media content they find “engaging”. Through a series of focus groups, this exploratory research found that sport consumers are diverse in their understanding of engagement. Results suggest that sportminded social media users have embraced a wide variety of social media interaction strategies that go beyond traditional measures and …


2017 Gsba Conference Abstracts, Gsba Jan 2017

2017 Gsba Conference Abstracts, Gsba

Global Sport Business Journal

No abstract provided.


2017 Otterbein Football Game Day Program, Otterbein University Jan 2017

2017 Otterbein Football Game Day Program, Otterbein University

Football Programs

Otterbein University continues its proud tradition of athletic and academic excellence and has enjoyed over 100 years of intercollegiate competition. During that time, the University’s mission has been to balance academics and athletic competition. Our commitment has been to the whole person, both in and out of the classroom. Our coaches are teachers first, mentors who make deep and lasting impressions on their students. While the drive to win is important, our real commitment lies in developing leadership traits and the competitive spirit, which will aid our scholar-athletes throughout their lives.


The Reputation Playbook: Exploring How Reputation Can Be Leveraged To Improve Recruiting Effectiveness In Ncaa Men’S Basketball, Marshall J. Magnusen, Charn P. Mcallister, Jun Woo Kim, Pamela L. Perrewé, Gerald R. Ferris Jan 2017

The Reputation Playbook: Exploring How Reputation Can Be Leveraged To Improve Recruiting Effectiveness In Ncaa Men’S Basketball, Marshall J. Magnusen, Charn P. Mcallister, Jun Woo Kim, Pamela L. Perrewé, Gerald R. Ferris

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Reputation is a critical factor in the recruiting process. Organizational reputation also is a complex variable. Different dimensions of reputation may play very different roles in attracting recruits. In this study, a multidimensional (i.e., performance, character/integrity, support) reputation model is used to predict male basketball recruits’ university choice. Data were collected on the ESPN Top 100 male high school athletes recruited to NCAA Division I basketball programs for each year from 2010–2014 (n = 500). Probit regression analyses using maximum likelihood estimation predicted to what extent each reputation-based dimension affected the likelihood of an athlete selecting a university.


Reinvestigating The Impact Of Conference Realignment On Rivalry In Intercollegiate Athletics, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Timothy D. Ryan Jan 2017

Reinvestigating The Impact Of Conference Realignment On Rivalry In Intercollegiate Athletics, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Timothy D. Ryan

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study investigated the influence of a U.S. intercollegiate team competing in a new conference for multiple seasons on fan perceptions of rival teams and likelihood of considering anonymous aggression toward rival teams. Fans of teams that changed conferences during conference realignment reserved stronger negative perceptions of the former rival on factors involving on-field competition and stronger negative perceptions of the current rival on factors involving off-field competition. Additionally, fans were more likely to consider committing anonymous acts of aggression against the former rival team than the current rival team. Implications and directions for future study are discussed.


Applying Customer Lifetime Value To Major League Baseball Season Tickets, John T. Drea, Lucas Marlow, Lauren K. Mense Jan 2017

Applying Customer Lifetime Value To Major League Baseball Season Tickets, John T. Drea, Lucas Marlow, Lauren K. Mense

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Customer lifetime value (CLV) is a commonly used metric for assessing marketing performance among businesses; however, there is little evidence of the use of CLV in Major League Baseball (MLB). The authors provide a methodology for calculating CLV for season ticket buyers to properly account for all direct revenue streams for a fan attending an MLB game, including ticket, concession, parking, and auxiliary revenues. Applications for customer lifetime value for MLB teams includes measuring the effectiveness of marketing activities, identifying seating that is over/under priced, and assisting in the management of fan experiences.


The Case For A Complete Model Of Strategic Resource Utility In Sport And Entertainment Management, Theodore M. Hayduk Iii Jan 2017

The Case For A Complete Model Of Strategic Resource Utility In Sport And Entertainment Management, Theodore M. Hayduk Iii

Journal of Applied Sport Management

A complete model of strategic resource utility can be useful for managers in the sport and entertainment industry. In recent years, this industry has been characterized by rapid evolution, high fragmentation, and ubiquitous digitalization, which all highlight the importance of making rapid and informed strategic decisions. Thus, the complete model will help managers quantify their firm’s resource bundle and use a common language during the strategic decision making process. Two industry-specific examples are given to facilitate interpretation of the complete model. Subscribe to JASM


Tomorrow’S Fans Gone Today: Assessing Constraints To Student Attendance At College Football Games, Jason Simmons, Nels Popp, Chad Mcevoy, Steven Howell Jan 2017

Tomorrow’S Fans Gone Today: Assessing Constraints To Student Attendance At College Football Games, Jason Simmons, Nels Popp, Chad Mcevoy, Steven Howell

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to assess constraints to student attendance at college football games. Surveys were distributed on and around six college campuses (2 “Power 5”, 2 “Group of 5”, 2 FCS) during a college football game. Using intercept sampling, students not in attendance at the game were asked to rate the extent to which 33 constraints affected their decision not to attend. Results revealed differences in constraints based on conference tier affiliation, frequency of game attendance, and timing of decision not to attend. Implications for practitioners are discussed. Subscribe to JASM


Best Practices In Athletic Donor Relations: The Ncaa Football Bowl Subdivision, Liz Wanless, David A. Pierce, J. Michael Martinez, Heather J. Lawrence-Benedict, Nick Kopka Jan 2017

Best Practices In Athletic Donor Relations: The Ncaa Football Bowl Subdivision, Liz Wanless, David A. Pierce, J. Michael Martinez, Heather J. Lawrence-Benedict, Nick Kopka

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this investigation was to identify best practices in intercollegiate athletic donor relations for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Neither philanthropy research nor athletic fund-raising research presents a contemporary model of donor relations best practices. Additionally, athletic development tactics are given little attention in evidence-based literature. To investigate this topic, three rounds of the Delphi method were completed by 17 intercollegiate athletic development directors in the FBS. Forty-two best practices for donor acquisition and 38 best practices for donor retention and upgrade emerged. Implications for intercollegiate athletic development campaigns are addressed. Subscribe to …


Enhancing Women’S Participation And Advancement In Competitive Cycling, Marlene A. Dixon, Jeffrey A. Graham, Allyson C. Hartzell, Katherine Forrest Jan 2017

Enhancing Women’S Participation And Advancement In Competitive Cycling, Marlene A. Dixon, Jeffrey A. Graham, Allyson C. Hartzell, Katherine Forrest

Journal of Applied Sport Management

While male participation in competitive cycling in the United States has grown tremendously, a lack of growth in female participation indicates there are discouraging factors at play. Critical examination of sport organizations can reveal structures and policies that exclude women from full participation. This study critically examines USA Cycling’s racing structure and policies with the goal of identifying exclusionary practices that might reduce women’s participation and advancement in competitive cycling. Using multiple data sources, including interviews with 10 competitive female cyclists, this study revealed multiple practices that strongly discourage women’s advanced participation in competitive cycling. Suggestions for practice are offered. …


Sport And Social Development: Evaluating A Professional Sport League’S Domestic Violence And Sexual Abuse Camp, Stephen Hills, Matthew Walker Jan 2017

Sport And Social Development: Evaluating A Professional Sport League’S Domestic Violence And Sexual Abuse Camp, Stephen Hills, Matthew Walker

Journal of Applied Sport Management

We explore the use of sport to address the sensitive issue of domestic violence and sexual abuse (DVSA) by evaluating a professional sport league’s pilot DVSA Camp in the United Kingdom. The league served as a hook to engage target groups before using the sport as an analogy to educate on DVSA. We found the DVSA camp had a limited effect on participants’ knowledge about and beliefs toward DVSA, but was able to engage an at risk target group and increase awareness of DVSA. Certainly, greater engagement is required to address serious social issues if behavioral change is the goal. …


A Peer-Relative Perspective Of The Contract Year Phenomenon Using Bayesian Analysis, Anthony Koschmann Jan 2017

A Peer-Relative Perspective Of The Contract Year Phenomenon Using Bayesian Analysis, Anthony Koschmann

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This research examines the contract year phenomenon in a new context, by evaluating player performance relative to other players, rather than the same player over time. Since ordinary least-squares (OLS) methods assume independent observations, results may be biased as player performance is dependent on other players. As such, a Bayesian approach to allow for non-independence among player performance is used to evaluate players in contract years relative to their peers. Using novel performance data of National Football League (NFL) players and controlling for player salary, position, experience, and team effects, the results show that contract year players under-perform relative to …


2017-2018 Lynn University Academic Catalog, Lynn University Jan 2017

2017-2018 Lynn University Academic Catalog, Lynn University

Academic Catalogs

No abstract provided.


The Daily Gamecock, Thursday, November 2, 2017, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media Jan 2017

The Daily Gamecock, Thursday, November 2, 2017, University Of South Carolina, Office Of Student Media

November

No abstract provided.


2017 Associate's Degree Exit Survey, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Jan 2017

2017 Associate's Degree Exit Survey, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Assessment Center Reports

Exit Surveys produced by the SWOSU Assessment Center.


2017 Master's Degree Exit Survey, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Jan 2017

2017 Master's Degree Exit Survey, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Assessment Center Reports

Exit Surveys produced by the SWOSU Assessment Center.


2017 Volleyball Media Guide, University Of South Florida. Athletic Communications Office, Mike Radomski, Tom Zebold Jan 2017

2017 Volleyball Media Guide, University Of South Florida. Athletic Communications Office, Mike Radomski, Tom Zebold

Volleyball Media Guides

The media guide for the 2017 season for the University of South Florida's (USF) volleyball team. Included are sections on a season outlook, coaches and staff, player biographies, the previous season's review, program records and history, and USF Athletics information.


Spring Commencement, April 22, 2017, Eastern Michigan University Jan 2017

Spring Commencement, April 22, 2017, Eastern Michigan University

Commencement Programs and Materials

No abstract provided.


Board Of Regents Meeting Materials, December 15, 2017, Eastern Michigan University Jan 2017

Board Of Regents Meeting Materials, December 15, 2017, Eastern Michigan University

Board of Regents Meeting Materials

No abstract provided.


Graduate Catalog 2017-2018, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Jan 2017

Graduate Catalog 2017-2018, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Graduate Catalogs

No abstract provided.


Enhancing The Experience: An Analysis Of Collegiate Recreation’S Impact On Student Learning, Dorothy Stromdahl Jan 2017

Enhancing The Experience: An Analysis Of Collegiate Recreation’S Impact On Student Learning, Dorothy Stromdahl

Master of Education in Applied Human Development Graduate Projects

Collegiate recreation has the opportunity to impact student growth beyond physical activity. Serving as one of the university’s largest employers, collegiate recreation provides students with opportunities to achieve desired university learning outcomes. The purpose of this exploratory case study was to examine what on-the-job activities and experiences impact the five learning domains: career development, civic and community engagement, leadership, ethics and values, and responsible independence. BGSU undergraduate students who have been employed with BGSU Recreation and Wellness for a minimum of one semester were recruited to participate in this study. Respondents who agreed to participate in the study competed a …


2016-2017 Annual Student Assessment Report, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Jan 2017

2016-2017 Annual Student Assessment Report, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Assessment Center Reports

Annual Student Assessment Report produced by the SWOSU Assessment Center


2017 Bachelor's Degree Exit Survey, Southwestern Oklahoma State University Jan 2017

2017 Bachelor's Degree Exit Survey, Southwestern Oklahoma State University

Assessment Center Reports

Exit Surveys produced by the SWOSU Assessment Center.