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Analysis Of Factors Influencing The College Choice Decisions Of Ncaa Division Ii Elite Track And Field Athletes, Jon Lin, Lisa Paulson, Bryan Romsa, Hal J. Walker, Katelyn Romsa Jan 2017

Analysis Of Factors Influencing The College Choice Decisions Of Ncaa Division Ii Elite Track And Field Athletes, Jon Lin, Lisa Paulson, Bryan Romsa, Hal J. Walker, Katelyn Romsa

Counseling and Human Development Faculty Publications

The student-athlete college selection process is a major decision impacting their future academic and athletic success. A better understanding of factors influencing this selection process will aid intercollegiate athletic programs in recruiting and retaining the highest caliber athletes possible. This study examined the factors influencing the college choice decisions of NCAA Division II elite track and field athletes across the United States. The participants were 320 athletes who represented 78 NCAA Division II institutions located in eight regions across the United States. This article discusses the most important factors involved in the college selection process of NCAA Division II elite …

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A Holistic Performance Assessment Of English Premier League Football Clubs 1992–2013, Daniel Plumley, Robert Wilson, Simon Shibli Jan 2017

A Holistic Performance Assessment Of English Premier League Football Clubs 1992–2013, Daniel Plumley, Robert Wilson, Simon Shibli

Journal of Applied Sport Management

This paper devises and tests a statistical model (the PAM) to measure the financial and sporting performance of professional football clubs. The PAM has been applied to a longitudinal data set of English football clubs (21 clubs between 1992–2013) to identify trends in performance. The results show that a small number of clubs have created an imbalance within English football and that there has been evidence of a “financial crisis” at individual clubs. For the majority of clubs, overall performance appears to vary over time in cycles. In addition to measuring holistic performance of professional football clubs in England, the …

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Motivation, Satisfaction, And Retention Of Sport Management Student Volunteers, James E. Johnson, Chrysostomos Giannoulakis, Nathan Felver, Lawrence W. Judge, Pierce A. David, Beau F. Scott Jan 2017

Motivation, Satisfaction, And Retention Of Sport Management Student Volunteers, James E. Johnson, Chrysostomos Giannoulakis, Nathan Felver, Lawrence W. Judge, Pierce A. David, Beau F. Scott

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Sport management programs often partner with intercollegiate athletic departments or community sport organizations to provide student volunteers. Motivating, satisfying, and retaining the student population may constitute a challenge for academic program stakeholders. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motivation, satisfaction, and retention of volunteers at undergraduate sport management programs. Three hundred and twenty-two undergraduate students from five Midwestern institutions completed a 46-item questionnaire assessing their volunteer motivation, satisfaction, and retention. Results indicated students were predominantly motivated to volunteer by Love of Sport and Career motivation factors. Career, Social, Understanding, and Enhancement motivations significantly aided in …

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Examination Of Drinking Habits And Motives Of Collegiate Student-Athletes, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Rose Marie Ward, Robin Hardin Jan 2017

Examination Of Drinking Habits And Motives Of Collegiate Student-Athletes, Elizabeth A. Taylor, Rose Marie Ward, Robin Hardin

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Universities across the United States have reported consistently high rates of alcohol use and abuse among students during the past 20 years. The college student alcohol consumption level is considered an important public health concern. The increase in problematic drinking seems to be campus wide, but there is an understudied at-risk demographic—collegiate student-athletes. The purpose of this study is to examine student-athletes’ motives for alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and alcohol-related negative consequences. Student-athletes (N = 283) from five Midwestern universities completed an online questionnaire assessing this behavior. Male student-athletes reported higher levels in all three categories than females. In addition, …

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Paying For Protection: The Effects Of Having An Elite Left Tackle, Quinn Andrew Wesley Keefer Jan 2017

Paying For Protection: The Effects Of Having An Elite Left Tackle, Quinn Andrew Wesley Keefer

Journal of Applied Sport Management

We exploit relatively new data collected by the NFL, since 2009, on the number of hits taken by a team’s quarterback to estimate the benefits and costs of employing an elite left tackle. We model the effect of an elite left tackle using a system of equations, which is estimated with seemingly unrelated regressions. Our system of equations considers quarterback hits, yards gained, and the probability of a quarterback injury. Overall, an All-Pro left tackle increases offensive production by 106 yards, or 8.5 points, and reduces the probability a team’s quarterback misses a game due to injury by 10.3 percentage …

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Is Going Green Worth It? Assessing Fan Engagement And Perceptions Of Athletic Department Environmental Efforts, Jonathan M. Casper, Michael E. Pfahl, Brian P. Mccullough Jan 2017

Is Going Green Worth It? Assessing Fan Engagement And Perceptions Of Athletic Department Environmental Efforts, Jonathan M. Casper, Michael E. Pfahl, Brian P. Mccullough

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which environmentally themed activities within an intercollegiate sport context impact fan engagement. A total of 557 fans responded to an online survey measuring fan connection to the athletic department, environmental values, expectations for environmental activities, event and at home environmental behaviors, perceptions of profile enhancement, and recall of environmental sponsors and major initiatives. Results found that fans expected athletic department environmental action and they help with favorable perceptions about the athletic program and university and influenced at event and home behaviors. Cluster analysis identified two clusters based on high …

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Outcomes-Based Career Preparation Programs For Contemporary Student-Athletes, Kristina Navarro, Heather Mccormick Jan 2017

Outcomes-Based Career Preparation Programs For Contemporary Student-Athletes, Kristina Navarro, Heather Mccormick

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Framed from a constructivist approach, this manuscript draws from Savickas’ (2005) Theory of Career Construction to assess programmatic development and mastery of learning outcomes in preparation for life after higher education. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, findings outline recommendations for campusbased practitioner programming informed from the voices of NCAA Division I football student-athletes.

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To Charge Or Not To Charge: Examining Stakeholder Perceptions Of Nonrevenue Sports Ticketing Policies, Peyton Stensland, Jordan Bass Jan 2017

To Charge Or Not To Charge: Examining Stakeholder Perceptions Of Nonrevenue Sports Ticketing Policies, Peyton Stensland, Jordan Bass

Journal of Applied Sport Management

All across college campuses, dozens of intercollegiate sports teams compete each year. It is assumed that attendance will vary across these sports for a number of factors. However, the impact of one organizationally controlled factor (choosing to ticket the event or not) has not been explored in the literature. In this study, the authors examined the ticketing practices of intercollegiate athletics departments. A qualitative interview approach was utilized to explore the importance and implications of ticketing practices of intercollegiate athletics departments. Terms such as reputation, legitimacy, and value were used to describe the reasoning behind whether or not to charge …

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Gonzaga University Factbook 2017-18, Institutional Research, Gonzaga University Jan 2017

Gonzaga University Factbook 2017-18, Institutional Research, Gonzaga University

Institutional Research

The Gonzaga University Factbook contains information on student enrollments, demographic profiles, admissions statistics, majors, retention and graduation rates, degree completions, faculty information, and more. It is updated annually with the most current and commonly-needed information about Gonzaga University.

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Brand Management In A Niche Sport: A Case Study Of An Lpga Golfer's Use Of Instagram, Melissa Davies, Michael Mudrick Jan 2017

Brand Management In A Niche Sport: A Case Study Of An Lpga Golfer's Use Of Instagram, Melissa Davies, Michael Mudrick

Global Sport Business Journal

As professional niche sports do not inherently come with the mass media appeal of the more prominent sport leagues, they are habitually tasked with finding unique ways to extend brand awareness and generate consumer interest. The purpose of this case study was to examine a year’s worth of a Ladies Professional Golf Association golfer’s (i.e., Natalie Gulbis) Instagram posts as they relate to brand management. A total of 400 photos and their captions were analyzed inductively, which resulted in the emergence of three primary categories (athletic expertise, community outreach, and travel) with six subsequent themes. Photos were also tagged as …

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Korean Sport Consumers’ Perceptions Of Sports In The United States, B.J. Ruihley, K. Yu, Robin Hardin Jan 2017

Korean Sport Consumers’ Perceptions Of Sports In The United States, B.J. Ruihley, K. Yu, Robin Hardin

Global Sport Business Journal

This research examined Korean sport fans’ perceptions and consumption of United States-based sport. Spectators at two professional Korean Baseball Organization games completed a questionnaire exploring their understanding of sport in the United States and their media consumption habits, as well as their impression of Korean athletes participating in United States-based sport organizations. More than 75% of the respondents consumed United States-based sport, with the primary reason of following Korean players in professional leagues. U.S. sport culture was thought to be more business-oriented, with more financial investment, more talented athletes, and larger fan bases. These beliefs about U.S.-based sport are primary …

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The Rv Tailgater: A Unique Subculture Of College Football Fans In The United States, Cheryl R. Rode, Robin Hardin Jan 2017

The Rv Tailgater: A Unique Subculture Of College Football Fans In The United States, Cheryl R. Rode, Robin Hardin

Global Sport Business Journal

Attending sporting events is a popular leisure activity and people are willing to travel great distances to attend events. This phenomenon in the United States is a popular activity among college football fans that travel to participate in game-day activities which include both tailgating and attending the game. This study explored the demographics and motivations of fans that travel via recreational vehicles (RVs) to college football games. Data were collected at four universities (N = 206) in the Southeastern United States via in-person paper-and-pencil questionnaires. Five motivational factors explaining 64.9% of the variance emerged from an exploratory factor analysis: a) …

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A Case Study Of Self-Representation On Twitter: A Gender Analysis Of How Student-Athletes Portray Themselves, Bo Li, Sarah Stokowski, Stephen W. Dittmore, John R. Malmo, David T. Rolfe Jan 2017

A Case Study Of Self-Representation On Twitter: A Gender Analysis Of How Student-Athletes Portray Themselves, Bo Li, Sarah Stokowski, Stephen W. Dittmore, John R. Malmo, David T. Rolfe

Global Sport Business Journal

Throughout sports coverage, mass media has been blamed for masculine hegemony, which often includes a lack of exposure regarding female sports and over emphasizing “femininity.” The emergence of social media provides athletes the opportunities to portray themselves, increase their brand equity, and directly interact with other sport media consumers. Informed by self-presentation theory, this case study is an attempt to investigate whether gender difference exists between female and male student-athletes in term of the way they portray themselves on Twitter. The profiles, background pictures, bibliographies and the content of tweets from 100 NCAA Division I student-athletes’ Twitter accounts were selected …

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A New Approach: Measuring Athlete Brand Personality On Twitter, Matthew Blaszka, Patrick Walsh, Galen Clavio, Antonio Williams Jan 2017

A New Approach: Measuring Athlete Brand Personality On Twitter, Matthew Blaszka, Patrick Walsh, Galen Clavio, Antonio Williams

Global Sport Business Journal

The purpose of this study was to identify brand personality characteristics of athletes. Prior to the study, a pretest was conducted to identify athlete-based brand personality items that could apply to any athlete. After conducting the pretest, 16 brand personality characteristics were identified. These items included: athletic, confident, cool, exciting, flashy, fun, happy, hardworking, humorous, leader, lively, masculine, strong, successful, trendy, and tough. In order to ensure the identity of all athlete brand personality characteristics were found, a thematic analysis was conducted which confirmed six additional athlete brand personality characteristics bringing the total number of characteristics to 22. These characteristics …

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Purchase Motivations Of Premium Seating Buyers Within College Athletics, Nels Popp, Allie Macaione, Erianne Weight Jan 2017

Purchase Motivations Of Premium Seating Buyers Within College Athletics, Nels Popp, Allie Macaione, Erianne Weight

Global Sport Business Journal

Increasingly college athletics administrators at NCAA Division I institutions are selling premium seating within their football stadia in order to generate greater revenues to meet increasing department expenses. Selling premium seating requires sellers and marketers who understand specific buyer interests and motivations. However, little research exists examining such motivations based on data collected from actual consumers, particularly in a collegiate athletics setting. Utilizing an instrument to measure premium seating buyer motivation developed by Titlebaum and Lawrence (2010), data was collected from premium seating buyers (both club seats and suites) at an NCAA Division I Power 5 institution. While suite buyers …

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So Where Do You Work Now?: Examining The Factors That Influence Career Choices Of Sport Management Graduates, Matthew J. Garrett, David A. Pierce Jan 2017

So Where Do You Work Now?: Examining The Factors That Influence Career Choices Of Sport Management Graduates, Matthew J. Garrett, David A. Pierce

Global Sport Business Journal

Students seeking to leverage their sport management degree into full-time employment in the sport business industry (SBI) face a variety of challenges from low pay and personal finances to personal relationships and work-life balance. This study uses a mixed methods approach to examine how the constraints impacted the career trajectory of 124 recent graduates from a private and religiously affiliated liberal arts college in the Midwest between 2007 and 2014. The study examines the perceived capacity of individuals to make occupational choices despite external constraints. Swanson, Daniels, and Tokar’s (1996) Career Barriers Inventory is used to frame the discussion of …

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A Proposal For A Rating System For Sport Management / Sport Administration Programs, Susan Mullane, Michael Fraina Jan 2017

A Proposal For A Rating System For Sport Management / Sport Administration Programs, Susan Mullane, Michael Fraina

Global Sport Business Journal

Data for a proposed rating system were collected through focus groups and surveys to determine factors considered important for evaluating Sport Management/Sport Administration programs. Respondents (n = 43) were asked to rank, in order, the ten most important variables toward Sport Management/Sport Administration program evaluation for undergraduate, graduate and doctoral programs. An open-ended question was included to account for any additional criteria that may have been neglected. A response rate of 35% was achieved. Results indicated that different variables ranked highest at the various levels (i.e., “Curriculum” for undergraduate and master’s programs, “Faculty Scholarship and Reputation” for doctoral programs). Additional …

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Why Referees Stay In The Game, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Kyungun R. Kim Jan 2017

Why Referees Stay In The Game, Lynn L. Ridinger, Stacy Warner, Jacob K. Tingle, Kyungun R. Kim

Global Sport Business Journal

Current trends indicate the number of qualified sports officials continues to dwindle. Therefore, this research sought to better understand reasons for initial entry, continuation, and potential discontinuation with officiating, while also identifying problematic issues, and potential solutions. Content analysis was utilized to examine five open-ended online survey responses from 2,485 referees. The results indicate that Enjoyable Affiliation (58%) and Remuneration (14%) were key to referees becoming involved in officiating. Those two themes, Enjoyable Affiliation (75%) and Remuneration (14%), were also identified as important to retaining officials. Physical Limitations were mentioned by 58% of the respondents regarding why they plan to …

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Exercising Inclusion: A Case Study Exploring A Fitness Center Staff's Approach Toward Serving Clients With Disabilities, Joshua R. Pate, Julie Wallace Carr Jan 2017

Exercising Inclusion: A Case Study Exploring A Fitness Center Staff's Approach Toward Serving Clients With Disabilities, Joshua R. Pate, Julie Wallace Carr

Global Sport Business Journal

Nearly twice the number of U.S. adults with disabilities are inactive compared to U.S. adults without disabilities, and prior research has identified multiple barriers that prevent people with disabilities from exercising at fitness centers. The purpose of this case study was to explore the inclusion qualities present at a health and fitness center through the functional dimension of service quality and by using systems theory as a framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five employees at a fitness center, and a researcher participating in a progressive exercise program journaled about the experience. Analysis revealed that the fitness center served people …

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What Customers Want: Defining Engagement On Social Media In Sport, Rebecca M. Achen, Katie Lebel, Galen Clavio Jan 2017

What Customers Want: Defining Engagement On Social Media In Sport, Rebecca M. Achen, Katie Lebel, Galen Clavio

Global Sport Business Journal

While social media provide channels to engage customers, social media engagement is neither a well-defined nor well-understood term. The purpose of this study was to examine how sport fans view their own social media engagement, better understand what social media engagement means to them, and work to discover what types of social media content they find “engaging”. Through a series of focus groups, this exploratory research found that sport consumers are diverse in their understanding of engagement. Results suggest that sportminded social media users have embraced a wide variety of social media interaction strategies that go beyond traditional measures and …

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2017 Gsba Conference Abstracts, Gsba Jan 2017

2017 Gsba Conference Abstracts, Gsba

Global Sport Business Journal

No abstract provided.

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2017 Otterbein Football Game Day Program, Otterbein University Jan 2017

2017 Otterbein Football Game Day Program, Otterbein University

Football Programs

Otterbein University continues its proud tradition of athletic and academic excellence and has enjoyed over 100 years of intercollegiate competition. During that time, the University’s mission has been to balance academics and athletic competition. Our commitment has been to the whole person, both in and out of the classroom. Our coaches are teachers first, mentors who make deep and lasting impressions on their students. While the drive to win is important, our real commitment lies in developing leadership traits and the competitive spirit, which will aid our scholar-athletes throughout their lives.

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The Reputation Playbook: Exploring How Reputation Can Be Leveraged To Improve Recruiting Effectiveness In Ncaa Men’S Basketball, Marshall J. Magnusen, Charn P. Mcallister, Jun Woo Kim, Pamela L. Perrewé, Gerald R. Ferris Jan 2017

The Reputation Playbook: Exploring How Reputation Can Be Leveraged To Improve Recruiting Effectiveness In Ncaa Men’S Basketball, Marshall J. Magnusen, Charn P. Mcallister, Jun Woo Kim, Pamela L. Perrewé, Gerald R. Ferris

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Reputation is a critical factor in the recruiting process. Organizational reputation also is a complex variable. Different dimensions of reputation may play very different roles in attracting recruits. In this study, a multidimensional (i.e., performance, character/integrity, support) reputation model is used to predict male basketball recruits’ university choice. Data were collected on the ESPN Top 100 male high school athletes recruited to NCAA Division I basketball programs for each year from 2010–2014 (n = 500). Probit regression analyses using maximum likelihood estimation predicted to what extent each reputation-based dimension affected the likelihood of an athlete selecting a university.

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Reinvestigating The Impact Of Conference Realignment On Rivalry In Intercollegiate Athletics, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Timothy D. Ryan Jan 2017

Reinvestigating The Impact Of Conference Realignment On Rivalry In Intercollegiate Athletics, Cody T. Havard, Daniel L. Wann, Timothy D. Ryan

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The current study investigated the influence of a U.S. intercollegiate team competing in a new conference for multiple seasons on fan perceptions of rival teams and likelihood of considering anonymous aggression toward rival teams. Fans of teams that changed conferences during conference realignment reserved stronger negative perceptions of the former rival on factors involving on-field competition and stronger negative perceptions of the current rival on factors involving off-field competition. Additionally, fans were more likely to consider committing anonymous acts of aggression against the former rival team than the current rival team. Implications and directions for future study are discussed.

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Applying Customer Lifetime Value To Major League Baseball Season Tickets, John T. Drea, Lucas Marlow, Lauren K. Mense Jan 2017

Applying Customer Lifetime Value To Major League Baseball Season Tickets, John T. Drea, Lucas Marlow, Lauren K. Mense

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Customer lifetime value (CLV) is a commonly used metric for assessing marketing performance among businesses; however, there is little evidence of the use of CLV in Major League Baseball (MLB). The authors provide a methodology for calculating CLV for season ticket buyers to properly account for all direct revenue streams for a fan attending an MLB game, including ticket, concession, parking, and auxiliary revenues. Applications for customer lifetime value for MLB teams includes measuring the effectiveness of marketing activities, identifying seating that is over/under priced, and assisting in the management of fan experiences.

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The Case For A Complete Model Of Strategic Resource Utility In Sport And Entertainment Management, Theodore M. Hayduk Iii Jan 2017

The Case For A Complete Model Of Strategic Resource Utility In Sport And Entertainment Management, Theodore M. Hayduk Iii

Journal of Applied Sport Management

A complete model of strategic resource utility can be useful for managers in the sport and entertainment industry. In recent years, this industry has been characterized by rapid evolution, high fragmentation, and ubiquitous digitalization, which all highlight the importance of making rapid and informed strategic decisions. Thus, the complete model will help managers quantify their firm’s resource bundle and use a common language during the strategic decision making process. Two industry-specific examples are given to facilitate interpretation of the complete model. Subscribe to JASM

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Tomorrow’S Fans Gone Today: Assessing Constraints To Student Attendance At College Football Games, Jason Simmons, Nels Popp, Chad Mcevoy, Steven Howell Jan 2017

Tomorrow’S Fans Gone Today: Assessing Constraints To Student Attendance At College Football Games, Jason Simmons, Nels Popp, Chad Mcevoy, Steven Howell

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this study was to assess constraints to student attendance at college football games. Surveys were distributed on and around six college campuses (2 “Power 5”, 2 “Group of 5”, 2 FCS) during a college football game. Using intercept sampling, students not in attendance at the game were asked to rate the extent to which 33 constraints affected their decision not to attend. Results revealed differences in constraints based on conference tier affiliation, frequency of game attendance, and timing of decision not to attend. Implications for practitioners are discussed. Subscribe to JASM

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Best Practices In Athletic Donor Relations: The Ncaa Football Bowl Subdivision, Liz Wanless, David A. Pierce, J. Michael Martinez, Heather J. Lawrence-Benedict, Nick Kopka Jan 2017

Best Practices In Athletic Donor Relations: The Ncaa Football Bowl Subdivision, Liz Wanless, David A. Pierce, J. Michael Martinez, Heather J. Lawrence-Benedict, Nick Kopka

Journal of Applied Sport Management

The purpose of this investigation was to identify best practices in intercollegiate athletic donor relations for the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS). Neither philanthropy research nor athletic fund-raising research presents a contemporary model of donor relations best practices. Additionally, athletic development tactics are given little attention in evidence-based literature. To investigate this topic, three rounds of the Delphi method were completed by 17 intercollegiate athletic development directors in the FBS. Forty-two best practices for donor acquisition and 38 best practices for donor retention and upgrade emerged. Implications for intercollegiate athletic development campaigns are addressed. Subscribe to …

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Enhancing Women’S Participation And Advancement In Competitive Cycling, Marlene A. Dixon, Jeffrey A. Graham, Allyson C. Hartzell, Katherine Forrest Jan 2017

Enhancing Women’S Participation And Advancement In Competitive Cycling, Marlene A. Dixon, Jeffrey A. Graham, Allyson C. Hartzell, Katherine Forrest

Journal of Applied Sport Management

While male participation in competitive cycling in the United States has grown tremendously, a lack of growth in female participation indicates there are discouraging factors at play. Critical examination of sport organizations can reveal structures and policies that exclude women from full participation. This study critically examines USA Cycling’s racing structure and policies with the goal of identifying exclusionary practices that might reduce women’s participation and advancement in competitive cycling. Using multiple data sources, including interviews with 10 competitive female cyclists, this study revealed multiple practices that strongly discourage women’s advanced participation in competitive cycling. Suggestions for practice are offered. …

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Sport And Social Development: Evaluating A Professional Sport League’S Domestic Violence And Sexual Abuse Camp, Stephen Hills, Matthew Walker Jan 2017

Sport And Social Development: Evaluating A Professional Sport League’S Domestic Violence And Sexual Abuse Camp, Stephen Hills, Matthew Walker

Journal of Applied Sport Management

We explore the use of sport to address the sensitive issue of domestic violence and sexual abuse (DVSA) by evaluating a professional sport league’s pilot DVSA Camp in the United Kingdom. The league served as a hook to engage target groups before using the sport as an analogy to educate on DVSA. We found the DVSA camp had a limited effect on participants’ knowledge about and beliefs toward DVSA, but was able to engage an at risk target group and increase awareness of DVSA. Certainly, greater engagement is required to address serious social issues if behavioral change is the goal. …

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