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‘Being Cultural’ Versus‘Cultural Beings’ –General Design Education, Ingvild Digranes Jun 2018

‘Being Cultural’ Versus‘Cultural Beings’ –General Design Education, Ingvild Digranes

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The design and design education professions—also known as the ‘making professions’—have a short history of conducting research, which can be understood as the process by which they establish their professional identity. There seems to be a shift in both the content of design and studio practice from solely creating products to thinking about design as a step towards improving society as a whole. This change is also seen in design education in primary and secondary education. The design professions’ justification of purpose, which is that design is a driving force in the development of an inclusive and sustainable society, is …

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Requests From Companies And Requirements For Design Education In Brazil: Where Do They Meet?, Paulo Roberto Nicoletti Dziobczenski, Oscar Person, Leandro Miletto Tonetto, Roberta Rech Mandelli Jun 2018

Requests From Companies And Requirements For Design Education In Brazil: Where Do They Meet?, Paulo Roberto Nicoletti Dziobczenski, Oscar Person, Leandro Miletto Tonetto, Roberta Rech Mandelli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper, we study what companies request from applicants for graphic design positions in Brazil. Based on a document analysis of 371 job advertisements, we uncover 35 different types of requests which we structure in terms of (1) Design deliverables, (2) Knowledge and skills and (3) Personal traits. In addition, we explore how the content of job advertisements potentially can inform educational developments by reporting on a group interview with design educators. In the interview we explore the degree to which different requests in the advertisements are covered in a regulatory educational design policy document for higher education in …

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Pedagogic Power-Tools: Knowing What Was And What Is, For What Will Be, Glen O'Sullivan Jun 2018

Pedagogic Power-Tools: Knowing What Was And What Is, For What Will Be, Glen O'Sullivan

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The tools we choose to derive benefit from and our perception of their significance play a determining role in how successful the designs we create will be. When we think of a tool, the first thing that comes to mind is more than likely a device you hold in your hand. However, the designs we create are not only made with tools of a physical nature but are also birthed from tools of an abstract variety. Therefore not all tools are prosthetic. Some design tools are related to or exist in the form of words. These are verbal tools. In …

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Three Arguments About The Current State Of Scientific Design Process Theories, Jordan Beck, Erik Stolterman Jun 2018

Three Arguments About The Current State Of Scientific Design Process Theories, Jordan Beck, Erik Stolterman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The design process is a central object of inquiry in design research. Many scholars have studied designing and presented their findings in the form of models, frameworks, and schemas. A general understanding of designing is an interesting prospect, and yet there seem to be fewer theories about the design process achieving (or aspiring to achieve) scientific status. In this paper, we explore possible reasons why this may be the case. Based on ongoing research about design theories (n=175), we explore the possibility that there are fewer scientific theories about the design process. Then, we propose three possible arguments as to …

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Scenes Of Writing, Anne Burdick Jun 2018

Scenes Of Writing, Anne Burdick

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper looks at how speculative fiction can provide a design space to explore the effects of technologies for critical interpretation. Using Trina: A Design Fiction as a case study, the paper builds upon Lucy Suchman’s study into how technology teams design “the human” in tandem with the computer, asking can there be a model of “the human” suited to technologies for subjective judgment? Looking closely at the characters in Trina, we see individuals whose capacities, specificities, social histories, and individual biographies inform the degree of agency that each has with the writing technologies that define their work and worth. …

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Philosophy Of Technology X Design: The Practical Turn, Wouter Eggink, Steven Dorrestijn Jun 2018

Philosophy Of Technology X Design: The Practical Turn, Wouter Eggink, Steven Dorrestijn

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In this paper we explore how the collaboration between Design Research and Philosophy of technology can be profitable for both disciplines. From three case studies where Philosophy of Technology theories and methods were applied in a design context we show how these projects profited from a more reflexive perspective. Then we analyse the three cases again to show how these design projects also lead to a better understanding from a Philosophy of Technology perspective. In putting the in principle rather abstract theories in design practice, the consequences become clearer and designing actual things thus provides a laboratory to test philosophical …

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Service Fictions Through Actant Switching, Sarah-Marie Foley, Dan Lockton Jun 2018

Service Fictions Through Actant Switching, Sarah-Marie Foley, Dan Lockton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and speculative design inspired the creation of Actant Switching and Service Fictions. ANT states that each action is a system made up of human and nonhuman actors. All actors play their set role for the system to move forward. By mapping out the system, ANT can enable exploration of relationships within a context. Actant Switching is a method for speculative scenario creation that interchanges human and nonhuman actors to create counterfactual scenarios exposing tension with the context and technology. Service Fictions is a method for engaging participants in a co-created speculative design around the created Actant Switching …

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The Design Laboratory. A Review Of Five Design Education Programmes, Gert Hasenhütl Jun 2018

The Design Laboratory. A Review Of Five Design Education Programmes, Gert Hasenhütl

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Five steps in the development of design studio culture are analysed based on a review of the literature: (i) Nikolai Ladovsky ́s “Psycho-Technical Research Laboratory”, 1921 to 1927, (ii) Gilbert Rohde ́s “Design Laboratory”, 1935 to 1937, (iii) Frederick Kiesler ́s “Laboratory for Design Correlation”, 1937 to 1941, (iv) John C. Jones ́ “Design Research Laboratory”, approx. 1963 to 1974, and (v) Neil Gershenfeld ́s “Fab Labs”, since 2003. Attention is drawn to the different ways in which art, science and technology are included in the curricula of these educational programmes. Contents and goals of teaching refer to features of …

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Data Streams, Data Seams: Toward A Seamful Representationof Data Interoperability, Sarah Inman, David Ribes Jun 2018

Data Streams, Data Seams: Toward A Seamful Representationof Data Interoperability, Sarah Inman, David Ribes

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Data archive and database design have typically fallen under the purview of data workers who seek to create a seamless vision of data integration. Following the technical practices of data work, this research seeks to provide theoretical scaffolding to inform the design of data archives and interfaces that treat the history of datasets as seamful, that is, as selectively revealing the heterogeneous transformations that data undergo from their generation to the present. Drawing on ethnographic and historical investigations of data interoperation efforts in the State of Alaska’s Salmon and People (SASAP) project, we retell a series of debated and negotiated …

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Digital, Analog, Discursive: Knowledge Practices And Sense-Making In Design-Build Architecture, Claire Nicolas Jun 2018

Digital, Analog, Discursive: Knowledge Practices And Sense-Making In Design-Build Architecture, Claire Nicolas

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Through referencing ethnographic research among university architecture students, this paper reflects on practices of sense-making that bridge digital and material media (including bodies). Our discussion follows students and instructors as they develop designs that are analytically feasible or “true” in digital environments (i.e. in various rendering and modeling software such as AutoCAD and Rhino), only to be confronted with incongruities of material resistance and problems of embodied skill (or lack thereof) when the design enters the “real” world. The paper explores the sense- making, socio-material aspects of design-based activity, considering how the digital and the analog may be puzzled over …

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Structuring Roles In Research Through Design Collaboration, Froukje Sleeswijk Visser Jun 2018

Structuring Roles In Research Through Design Collaboration, Froukje Sleeswijk Visser

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In Research through Design knowledge is generated, but not always captured and shared effectively. When working in a multidisciplinary team of, e.g. designers, design researchers, academic researchers and domain practitioners confusion about roles, processes, and results easily occurs. In a series of three Research through Design cases we developed a set of role descriptions to help structuring the collaboration in such projects, using different configurations of people, roles and documentation tools. We conclude with a structure for assigning roles that enables multidisciplinary teams to make their Research through Design process more explicit, reflect on their activities as part of process …

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Regimes Of Digital Quantification: Making Data-Driven Decisions?, Martin Tironi, Matías Valderrama Jun 2018

Regimes Of Digital Quantification: Making Data-Driven Decisions?, Martin Tironi, Matías Valderrama

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In light of the proliferation of sensors, data and analytics, multiple digital quantification regimes are emerging under promises of a revolutionary change in the way in which decisions are made in areas such as urban planning and government. These regimes present a growing need to differentiate themselves in order to capitalize their data, deploying particular technologies that go beyond the digital. In this paper, we review two digital quantification regimes of urban cycling in Santiago, Chile: the RUBI device and KAPPO smartphone application. Through the study of the design of material and narrative technologies of these regimes, we will show …

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Design Justice: Towards An Intersectional Feminist Framework For Design Theory And Practice, Sasha Costanza-Chock Jun 2018

Design Justice: Towards An Intersectional Feminist Framework For Design Theory And Practice, Sasha Costanza-Chock

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design is key to our collective liberation, but most design processes today reproduce inequalities structured by what Black feminist scholars call the matrix of domination. Intersecting inequalities are manifest at all levels of the design process. This paper builds upon the Design Justice Principles, developed by an emerging network of designers and community organizers, to propose a working definition of design justice: Design justice is a field of theory and practice that is concerned with how the design of objects and systems influences the distribution of risks, harms, and benefits among various groups of people. Design justice focuses on the …

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Formgiving To Feminist Futures As Design Activism, Maryam Heidaripour, Laura Forlano Jun 2018

Formgiving To Feminist Futures As Design Activism, Maryam Heidaripour, Laura Forlano

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design activism is the enforcement of positive socio-political change by intervening in daily lives. In this paper, we argue that ‘formgiving’ to futures--design interventions such as physical objects, embodied experiences, and affective engagements--is an activist practice with the unique qualities of engaging participants and facilitating the co-creation of alternatives. Central to our exploration is the question of how to participate in the work of generating new ways of conceptualizing, materializing, and experiencing alternative futures. Drawing on feminist theory and, in particular, its profound commitment to social justice, we discuss three core dimensions that are relevant to the practice of ‘formgiving’ …

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Challenges In Barbadian Design Education – When Graphic Design & Product Development Collide, Shelly Mayers Jun 2018

Challenges In Barbadian Design Education – When Graphic Design & Product Development Collide, Shelly Mayers

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The Barbados Community College’s BFA Programme in Graphic Design has been in existence for over 20 years. The year 2009 marked a shift in design application, with pockets of students using graphic design as a catalyst to develop products that are potentially marketable. The current economic climate has made it harder for students to be employed in agencies and studios. One would anticipate that they would follow through in creating new spaces for themselves as designers, i.e. developing products as viable sources of income in a struggling economy, but sadly most do not. Through an exploration of case studies ranging …

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Taking Care Of Issues Of Concern: Feminist Possibilities And The Curation Of Speculative And Critical Design, Sarah Pennington Jun 2018

Taking Care Of Issues Of Concern: Feminist Possibilities And The Curation Of Speculative And Critical Design, Sarah Pennington

DRS Biennial Conference Series

What are the possibilities for taking a feminist approach on ‘an ethos of care’ to the settings of engagement with Speculative and Critical Design? In this paper, I explore the intersection between the curation of Speculative and Critical Design (SCD) and the notion of ‘care’ as a question that has arisen in the work of feminist scholarship in technoscience. Feminist voices in SCD and related design disciplines have drawn attention to ‘neglected things’ within certain works of Speculative Design research. I expand this consideration to the settings of encounter with SCD. Through a short case study of curatorial practice, I …

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Fostering Commonfare. Entanglements Between Participatory Design And Feminism, Mariacristina Sciannamblo, Peter Lyle, Maurizio Teli Jun 2018

Fostering Commonfare. Entanglements Between Participatory Design And Feminism, Mariacristina Sciannamblo, Peter Lyle, Maurizio Teli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper addresses the role of critical theories to knowledge-making and world- making practices in design research. We discuss the agential and performative power of feminist technoscience sensibilities in shaping a European participatory design project – called Commonfare – which aims to confront the risk of social exclusion as a result of precariousness, low income, unemployment, which is increasingly affecting the European population. More specifically, we explore the entanglement of critical approaches and material practices shaping aspects of the project through three empirical examples – related to the formation of the project consortium, the methodological approach adopted by partners, and …

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Prototyping Multispecies Environments: Attentiveness And Friction As Modes Of Knowing, Martin Tironi, Pablo Hermansen Jun 2018

Prototyping Multispecies Environments: Attentiveness And Friction As Modes Of Knowing, Martin Tironi, Pablo Hermansen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This article is based on the process of prototyping an environmental enrichment device for gibbons at the National Zoo of Chile (ZNdC). We analyse the capacity of prototyping to make the ontological qualities of the entities involved perceptible while precipitating forms of care and connection. We will show that the very process of prototyping favours the mise en scène of an interspecies environment, sheltering the delicate unfolding of an ‘us’ that is based on mutual care and attention. We argue that this unfolding transforms prototyping into a cosmopolitical place for exercising modes of correspondence between humans, non-humans and environments. In …

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Social Hierarchy In Design And Social Innovation: Perspectives From Thailand, Cyril Tjahja, Joyce Yee Jun 2018

Social Hierarchy In Design And Social Innovation: Perspectives From Thailand, Cyril Tjahja, Joyce Yee

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Our knowledge of how design and social innovation works outside of the Europe and the US is still insufficient, due to the limitations that are inherent to the prevailing perceptions, methods and tools, developed in and for this context. Although the importance of social relationships has been acknowledged, how social hierarchy, which is firmly rooted in many non-western societies, interacts with the design and social innovation process is scarcely documented. In this paper, we wish to expand on existing knowledge by sharing the experiences of practitioners and stakeholders involved in design and social innovation initiatives in Bangkok, highlighting the various …

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A Survey Of Prosthetic Preferences In The Uk And Greece, Anna Vlachaki, Abby M.J. Paterson, Samantha C. Porter, Richard J. Bibb Jun 2018

A Survey Of Prosthetic Preferences In The Uk And Greece, Anna Vlachaki, Abby M.J. Paterson, Samantha C. Porter, Richard J. Bibb

DRS Biennial Conference Series

People with limb loss are considered as disabled and they are stigmatised. However, the use of prostheses that express their identity has potential to change society’s opinion and eliminate stigmatisation. Using an online questionnaire, the aim of the study was to understand users’ preferences towards prostheses and whether culture affects them with the aim of designing more suitable prostheses for them. In order to investigate people’s preferences, with respect to cultural diversity, the study was conducted in the UK and Greece. There were 136 valid answers. The sample methods of the research are non-probability. Through the demographic and disability related …

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Methods Across Borders: Reflections Of Using Design-Led Qualitative Methods In Burkina Faso, Adolphe Yemtim, Achille Sévérin Lebongo Onana, Charlotte Ray, Jamie Cross, Craig Martin, Arno G. Verhoeven Jun 2018

Methods Across Borders: Reflections Of Using Design-Led Qualitative Methods In Burkina Faso, Adolphe Yemtim, Achille Sévérin Lebongo Onana, Charlotte Ray, Jamie Cross, Craig Martin, Arno G. Verhoeven

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The paper presents an overview of activities of a funded project interrogating energy requirements of displaced populations in the Goudoubo camp in Burkina Faso. The overall project adopts a qualitative approach to enquiry using methods often employed by designers in participatory and human-centred design projects, with training provided for embedded researchers from disciplines other than design through a series of workshops prior fieldwork. The overall project aims to build a qualitative toolkit for enquiry into the daily lives of refuges and their lived energy requirements. The paper asks whether the engaged design methods, understood in the context of “global north” …

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Exploring Lost And Found In Future Images Of Energytransitions: Towards A Bridging Practice Of Provoking And Affirming Design, Mia Hesselgren, Elina Eriksson, Josefin Wangel, Loove Broms Jun 2018

Exploring Lost And Found In Future Images Of Energytransitions: Towards A Bridging Practice Of Provoking And Affirming Design, Mia Hesselgren, Elina Eriksson, Josefin Wangel, Loove Broms

DRS Biennial Conference Series

We need to transition our society in a more sustainable direction, for example through enormous cuts in carbon emissions. Yet this future is hard to envision and work towards. In this project, with a transition design posture, we have designed tools that we believe can be useful to initiate dialogues and reflections for the future. In particular we are interested in using the bridging between provocative and affirmative design as a way to explore and articulate what people see as the lost and found of such a transition. In this paper, we present a study where we used a practice …

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Catalysing Pathway Creation For Transition Governance, Sampsa Hyysalo, Sofi Perikangas, Tatu Marttila, Karoliina Auvinen Jun 2018

Catalysing Pathway Creation For Transition Governance, Sampsa Hyysalo, Sofi Perikangas, Tatu Marttila, Karoliina Auvinen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Transition management is one of the key governance methodologies for catalysing vision building, experimentation and pathway construction for sustainability transitions. Its adoption in new country contexts may, however, require redesign. Finnish energy and climate policy already features wide experimentation, visioning and long-term roadmaps. Yet transition arenas could help connect these existing instruments, particularly if redesigned for a mid-range timescale. We improved the path creation toolsets and procedures to create more detailed pathways and analyses of pathway step interrelations. Our path creation system uses magnetic elements that could be easily moved around a large metallic board, a set of procedures and …

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Designing Idea Management Tools: Three Challenges, Nanna Inie, Peter Dalsgaard, Steven Dow Jun 2018

Designing Idea Management Tools: Three Challenges, Nanna Inie, Peter Dalsgaard, Steven Dow

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designers have a broad range of digital and analoge idea management tools at their disposal. We know that designers have individual preferences for different tools, but we know very little about why this is, and which practices designers accomplish using different tools. This paper presents the results of an interview study with 16 professional designers, where we investigate the tools, designers use to manage their early stage creative ideas. The study reveals three perceived challenges for designers working with existing idea management tools. These challenges are: 1: Idea management tools are rigid in capture medium, 2: Idea management tools offer …

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A Vocabulary For Visions In Designing For Transitions, Dan Lockton, Stuart Candy Jun 2018

A Vocabulary For Visions In Designing For Transitions, Dan Lockton, Stuart Candy

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Visions of sustainable futures have been proposed as a key component of transition design, offering a way for today’s situations and design proposals to be compared and critiqued in the light of desired future states. Such ambitions are necessarily wide- ranging, and call for drawing together strands on design and speculation from diverse sources. Here we seek to add to the momentum by exploring a set of concepts relating particularly to this role of vision in designing for transitions. Building on perspectives and projects from other fields, we present elements of a visionary vocabulary, situating these terms in relation to …

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Changes In Design Research: Sources And Methods Of Idea Generation In Industrial Design, Ying Sun, Sander Münster, Carlo Michael Sommer Jun 2018

Changes In Design Research: Sources And Methods Of Idea Generation In Industrial Design, Ying Sun, Sander Münster, Carlo Michael Sommer

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design idea generation is a process rooted in individual knowledge and is often considered a precedent-based type of reasoning, where knowledge is continuously transformed to produce new insights. Selecting and organizing inspirational sources has a profound impact on how industrial designers generate creative solutions and creates its own challenges. Many authors have focused on what materials designers look for while searching for inspiration. However, there is less research concerning the approaches used to guide the process of envisioning design solutions when using these sources. Therefore, we conducted open-ended semi-structured qualitative interviews with 12 designers, to learn about how experienced industrial …

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Distinctions Between The Communication Of Experiential And Academic Design Knowledge: A Linguistic Analysis, Yubo Kou, Colin M. Gray Jun 2018

Distinctions Between The Communication Of Experiential And Academic Design Knowledge: A Linguistic Analysis, Yubo Kou, Colin M. Gray

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Design research has historically focused upon collocated design practices where the production of artefacts, collaboration between designers, and designers’ learning practices are geographically bounded. Information and communication technologies are rapidly transforming this territorial context of designing and making by supporting designers to share experiential knowledge with peers online. But it is unclear how experiential design knowledge should be characterized, and how it may be different from academic design knowledge. In this study, we present a mixed-methods analysis to compare experiential design knowledge communicated in two online practitioner- oriented venues and two leading design research journals. We found that the articulation …

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Longitudinal Change In High-Cost Prosocial Behaviors Of Defending And Including During The Transition To Adulthood, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Madison K. Memmott-Elison, Matthew G. Nielson Jun 2018

Longitudinal Change In High-Cost Prosocial Behaviors Of Defending And Including During The Transition To Adulthood, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Madison K. Memmott-Elison, Matthew G. Nielson

Faculty Publications

Despite high profile examples that are highlighted in the popular media, we know little about high-cost prosocial behaviors such as defending and including, and how these behaviors might change over time and vary by individual. Thus, this study explored defending and including behaviors across the transition to adulthood by assessing growth and profiles of these high-cost prosocial behaviors over a four-year time span. In addition the study explored gender, emotional (sympathy), cognitive (personal values), individual (self-esteem), and relational (maternal warmth) factors during adolescence that predicted profiles of defending and including during the transition to adulthood. Participants were 469 individuals (52% …

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The Social Provision Of Healthcare To Migrants In The Us And In China, Van C. Tran, Katharine M. Donato Jun 2018

The Social Provision Of Healthcare To Migrants In The Us And In China, Van C. Tran, Katharine M. Donato

Publications and Research

This article develops a comparative analysis of healthcare provision to migrants in the US and in China. It proceeds in three parts. First, we begin by describing the growth of the unauthorized population and trace the evolution of social provision of healthcare to immigrants, highlighting the restrictive nature of federal social provisions and greater autonomy of state and local governments in redefining eligibility criteria in the US. Second, we examine the impact of legal status on healthcare access and utilization among Mexicans, using original data from the 2007 Hispanic Healthcare Survey and the Mexican Migration Project. We find that unauthorized …

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What Does Hidden Curriculum In Engineering Look Like And How Can It Be Explored?, Idalis Villanueva, Laura Gelles, Marialuisa Di Stefano, Buffy Smith, Renetta G. Tull, Susan M. Lord, Lisa Benson, Anne Therese Hunt, Donna M. Riley, Gery W. Ryan Jun 2018

What Does Hidden Curriculum In Engineering Look Like And How Can It Be Explored?, Idalis Villanueva, Laura Gelles, Marialuisa Di Stefano, Buffy Smith, Renetta G. Tull, Susan M. Lord, Lisa Benson, Anne Therese Hunt, Donna M. Riley, Gery W. Ryan

Engineering Education Faculty Publications

This work in progress paper describes the initial stages of a project which aims to characterize the mechanisms of hidden curriculum (HC) in engineering and identify methods for exploring this phenomenon. To effectively study the complex nature of HC, this work brings together researchers with a range of expertise (sociology, engineering education, engineering, statistics, policy analysis, curriculum and instruction) to develop a holistic approach to explore HC in engineering. This work describes the process of gathering input from this multidisciplinary team as well as the literature to develop a mixed-method instrument and model to explore the mechanisms behind HC in …

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