Digital Commons Network^™

Rules Of Public Service: Between The Domain Of Law And The Regulatory Domain, Mohamed Acherki

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This paper examines the constitutional distribution of legislative and regulatory powers concerning public service rules in Morocco. Under the 1962 Constitution, only "basic guarantees granted to civil and military state employees" fell within the legislative domain, with all other public service rules relegated to the regulatory sphere. The 1970 Constitution maintained this approach. Despite constitutional provisions allowing for the adoption of organic laws to clarify and delimit these domains, no such laws were ever enacted for public service. Consequently, between 1962 and 1972, most public service rules remained within the regulatory domain, including some initially adopted by legislative acts, which …

Workforce Management In The Public Service: Rules, Methods, And Means, Mostafa Rhomari

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

Structural adjustment, budgetary constraints, administrative downsizing, restructuring, and privatization have become key drivers of public service reforms in developing countries. These reforms have prompted a continuous reassessment of workforce management, aiming either to curb rising personnel costs or to address shortages of highly skilled specialists, staff surpluses, or poor distribution across administrative sectors. The ultimate objective is workforce redeployment, guided by the principle: "Place the right people, in the right place, at the right time." Achieving this requires determining adequate staff numbers and qualifications while ensuring optimal geographical and functional distribution. Effective workforce management remains essential for improving administrative efficiency …

Presidential Authority And Human Relations In The Public Service, Lahoucine Oulkaid

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This paper examines the relationship between superiors and subordinates in public administration and its impact on administrative systems. The nature of this relationship reveals the prevailing administrative culture and determines whether subordinates remain passive followers or become active participants in decision-making. The study contrasts centralized administrative systems, where authority is concentrated among senior officials, with decentralized models that grant regional or specialized bodies legal personality and some autonomy. Decentralization is widely regarded by scholars as a necessity of the modern era and a key indicator of administrative development. The author argues that participatory approaches and balanced power distribution contribute to …

Exemption Of Subordinates From Obedience To Superiors In The Public Service Sector, Radouane Abou Joumaa

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

On the occasion of the thirtieth anniversary of Morocco's first Public Service Act, this paper revisits key principles to assess their continuity or evolution over time. The focus is on presidential obedience, a fundamental duty that ensures subordinates' actions carry legal legitimacy and enables effective administrative organization. However, this duty raises complex questions that extend beyond legal frameworks to encompass sociological and historical dimensions. The author examines whether circumstances exist where subordinates may be exempted from obeying superiors, exploring the delicate balance between hierarchical discipline and individual responsibility. This analysis highlights the tension between administrative hierarchy and evolving concepts of …

Legality And Appropriateness In Public Service Decisions, Abdellah El Idrissi

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The organization of public service aims to address practical issues by ensuring sound administration and meeting public needs while responding to civil servants' aspirations for continuous improvement. Decisions taken by governmental authorities regarding their employees—such as recruitment, training, promotion, transfer, discipline, and performance evaluation—are among the most significant and directly affect civil servants' administrative careers and rights. Given their impact on rights and freedoms, public service legislation typically surrounds these decisions with procedural guarantees to protect employees against potential abuses. However, these legislative safeguards remain insufficient unless civil servants can challenge administrative decisions before the courts, reinforcing the importance of …

Deductions From Salaries And Wages: The Tax On Financial Performance At The Expense Of Tax Justice, Asaad Abdelmajid

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This paper examines salary and wage deductions in Morocco, focusing on the tax on financial performance and its implications for tax justice. The author emphasizes that public administration plays a crucial role in tax collection and that any tax reform's effectiveness depends heavily on the administrative apparatus responsible for its implementation. As G. Ardant notes, the value of any tax system remains contingent upon the administration that applies it. Moroccan tax administration faces structural challenges inherited from the colonial period, including a shortage of qualified personnel relative to the number of taxpayers. These deficiencies raise concerns about fairness and efficiency …

The Legal Status Of Civil Servants In Criminal And Private Law, Mohamed El Kichbor

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

This contribution examines the legal status of civil servants in Morocco under criminal and private law. The author reflects on the thirtieth anniversary of the Public Service Act, enacted by Dahir of February 24, 1958. This statute represented a milestone in consolidating Morocco's sovereignty and reinforcing its political independence following 1954. It established a legal framework governing the relationship between the newly established Moroccan administration and its civil servants, who replaced French protectorate officials. The Public Service Act is a cornerstone of Moroccan administrative law, regulating relations between public authorities and employees working to serve the public interest and manage …

The Manifestations Of Administrative Reform In The Public Service Sector In Morocco, Abdelilah Fountir

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

More than thirty years after the enactment of Morocco's first general statute for public service (February 24, 1958), it has become essential to open public debate on this vital sector. Since independence, the public service has experienced overlapping complexities across legislative, human, and structural levels. The university's decision to address this issue reflects growing awareness of its national importance. Reforming the public service is central to broader administrative reform and the modernization of the state apparatus. Key challenges include the relationship between civil servants and the state, their legal status, societal discourse, and their role in decision-making and implementation processes.

Introductory Report, Abdelkbir Fikri

Revue Marocaine de Droit, d'Economie et de Gestion (Moroccan Journal of Law, Economics and Management)

The literature on civil servants is rich with vivid expressions highlighting the unique nature of public service. Civil servants embody the state's memory, guarantee its authority, and serve the public interest while ensuring continuity in public services. Their legal stability rests on the General Statute of Public Service of February 24, 1958, a text frequently amended since. While their status endures, their condition evolves with administrative reforms and social change. Administrative organizations must adapt to new management techniques, inevitably affecting civil servants' behaviors and attitudes. However, diagnosing Morocco's public service after thirty years remains challenging. This introductory report does not …

Intentionality Displays In Contemporary French Literature, Martine Motard-Noar

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

The works of Hélène Cixous and of Pascal Quignard can be described as spaces of intentionality where a narrative program unfolds.

Ngum A Jemea Or The Unshakable Faith Of Rudolf Dualla Manga Bell By David Mbanga Eyombwan: Between The Duty Of Individual, Tribal And (Trans)National Memory, Jovensel Ngamaleu

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Among the heroes-martyrs of the history of Cameroonian anti-colonial nationalism, we can mention, among others, Ruben Um Nyobe, Ernest Ouandié, Felix Moumié, Martin Paul Samba and Rudolf Dualla Manga Bell.

Intentionality, Or How Photography Became An Art, David Paigneau

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

The introduction of the daguerreotype in 1839, soon followed by the appearance of what we now call photography, was one of the most significant breaks in the history of representation.

India And The Cisg — A Case For Ratification, Ranak Banerji, Rida Rahman

National Law School Business Law Review

The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (‘CISG or Convention’) was opened for signatures in 1980. More than forty years later, it has been one of the most successful international instruments that has attempted to unify international commercial law. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (‘HK SAR’) and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia recently ratified the CISG. This development brings into question the non-signatory status of another trading giant, India. The ratification of the CISG is as much a commercial question as it is a legal one. It can provide extensive benefits along with legal …

Reflections On Travel, Antonio García Velasco

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This trip is an invitation to change your life and enrich your customs, to deepen your knowledge and to broaden your own worldview. There are several forms of travel. Travel for pleasure and tourism is not the same as that imposed by personal or socio-political conditions. A distinction must be made between the transfer and the journeyitself. Don Quixote told Sancho that “he who reads a lot and walks a lot sees a lot and knows a lot”. To go, to walk is to travel. And reading, this is the other way of travelling. Currently, a trip without a camera …

A Moroccan Gazeat The Rest Of The World, Mohammed Dekhissi

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

The accounts of Moroccan embassies, particularly those of the 17th and 18th centuries, reveal a complex and inextricable discourse. They remain imbued with religious, intellectual and social references and clearly express an experience of univocal otherness, but do not hide the traveler’s amazement - or his fear – about the achievement of the other, at the scientific and technological levels. We will try to explore succinctly what Ibn’Utmân’s description of some Spanish cultural institutions was like. It should be remembered, however, that this is a protocol visit. We will limit ourselves to two examples, that of the theatre and that …

Gender Aspects Of Rihla, El Gharoussi El Mobarik

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Controversially contested, rihla is a genre by itself for the very reasons it is contested for. Anchored in its Arab-Muslim culture, the hijra of the prophet, the cult of pilgrims, and scientific peregrinations, flourished in the Muslim West: it is primarily a Magribine genre. No genre enjoys absolute purity, so does the rihla. It has links with geographical literature, fahrâsa and autobiography. The writing of the narrative in linear form and circular content systematically challenges didactics, pleasant and ethical digressions, but also books: the genre is intertextual.

The Moorish Ambassador’S Journey To Spain: Cultural Encounters In Ahmed Ben Mehdi Al-Ghazāl’S Natījat Al Ijtihād Fi Al-Mohādana Wa Al-Jihād (1766), Lhoussain Simour

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

This article attempts to read al-Ghazāl’s travel account Natījat al Ijtihād fi al-Mohādana wa al-Jihād as a valuable archival material and an eighteenth-century subaltern narrative that offers the re-interrogation of the discourse of the Self and the Other from the perspective of the Moroccan traveler. Natījat al Ijtihād is a travel account that gives further historical evidence about one of the less discussed experiences in literature and annals of history, the abduction of Muslims in foreign lands. Such an interdependent overlap between these thematic concerns and the historical context that fuels up al-Ghazzal’s travel-inspired text would give readers the chance …

Fostering Integration Of Idd Concepts Into Nursing Curriculums In The United States, Cecily L. Betz, Joyce Carolyn Graff

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: Curriculum content pertaining to the lifespan needs of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is not evident in nursing programs in the United States (US) despite national statistics that indicate 17% of the U.S. population are identified as having IDD [1-3]. Beginning with the Kennedy Administration in the 1960s, the U.S. federal government has made significant investments to improve services for the IDD population through the establishment of interdisciplinary educational networks, such as the University Centers for Excellence in Development Disabilities (UCEDD) and Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (LEND) [2]. For nurses interested in IDD specialty …

Closing The Gap: Canadian Undergraduate Nursing Students’ Competencies And Training Needs In Idd, Lin Li, Yona Lunsky, Anupam Thakur, Soumya Mishra, Nagyeong Kim, Gurmanpreet Kaur

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Background: People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) face persistent health inequities, including higher morbidity, premature mortality, and increased healthcare use [1–3]. These disparities are intensified by limited provider training and confidence in caring for this population [4,5], underscoring the need to strengthen nursing education in IDD. This study examined Canadian undergraduate nursing students’ attitudes, competencies, and training needs related to IDD.

Methods: From May-August 2025, a 28-item anonymous online survey was distributed through nursing programs and nursing student societies across Canada. The survey assessed knowledge, attitudes, self-perceived skills, exposure to IDD in coursework and clinical settings, and preferred learning …

Current & Future Priorities In Canadian Pre-Licensure Nursing Education On Care For People With Idd, Anna Don, Janet Mccabe

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Using existing literature the audience will be oriented to the current state of pre-licensure nursing education about People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), review priorities identified by People with IDD and nurses, and finally suggest a course for the future nursing education about the care of People with IDD.

The findings of a recent scoping review of international pre-licensure nursing education [1] demonstrated that most education related to people with IDD was episodic at best. More recently a Canadian Delphi study was conducted in which People with IDD and nurses identified priorities for nursing education [2]. Using the current …

Advancing Learning Disability Nursing Education In Scotland, Sam Abdulla, Natasha Spassiani, Amanda Woodrow, Jacqueline Taylor, Valerie Houghton, Kyle Buchan

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Across the UK, applications to undergraduate nursing programmes, especially Learning Disability (LD) Nursing have declined significantly (Royal College of Nursing, 2021), resulting in under-recruitment and, in some regions, the closure of LD Nursing programmes (Royal College of Nursing, 2024). This shortage of specialist LD Nurses risks worsening health inequalities for people with LD (House of Commons, 2024). NHS Education Scotland (2023) identified LD Nursing as a workforce priority, highlighting the need for innovation to attract new nurses and maintain high-quality, person-centred care. For those entering programmes, access to varied and appropriate placements remains a challenge due to reduced post-COVID capacity, …

From Burden To Support: Validating An Ai-Based Dementia Care Voice Assistant App, Modupe Akintomide, Xinyue Zhang, Divya Iyer, Madison Ellison, Sumaya Tamenne

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

The prevalence of behavioral symptoms, such as wandering and agitation, in over 90% of persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (Pw-ADRD), with approximately 83% residing in home-based settings [1-3], underscores the urgent need for effective interventions to support informal caregivers. These caregivers are essential for maintaining quality care for Pw-ADRD, yet they frequently encounter substantial challenges in managing behavioral symptoms [4], revealing a significant gap in available resources and support systems.

To address this gap, we developed a prototype for an AI-based Dementia Care Voice Assistant (AI-DECAVA), powered by a large language model (LLM). The system is designed to …

Ai-Powered Gamified Extended Reality Training For Dementia Care Competence In Healthcare Students, Modupe Akintomide, Joy Li, Toi-Ann Kingsby, Dandre Williamson

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

The development of dementia care competence among healthcare students remains limited by the scarcity of experiential training opportunities for managing behavioral and psychological symptoms [1]. Traditional curricula often fail to provide sufficient, high-fidelity practice for the complex, emotionally charged interactions characteristic of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) care [2].

To address this gap, we developed an AI-powered, Gamified Extended Reality (XR) Dementia Behavioral Training App. This immersive platform simulates authentic caregiving encounters with persons living with ADRD. It employs an AI-generated animated patient agent and integrates adaptive difficulty scaling within clinically relevant, scenario-based modules to mirror the complexity of …

Intravenous Versus Oral Tranexamic Acid In Shoulder Arthroplasty, Tarishi Parmar, Akin Adio, Mohammad Daher, Adam Khan, John Horneff, Joseph A. Abboud

Rothman Institute Papers

PURPOSE: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is used in shoulder arthroplasty to reduce blood loss. While intravenous (IV) TXA is standard, oral TXA offers advantages in cost and administration. This study compares 90-day complications and postoperative laboratory values between IV and oral TXA in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).

METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using TriNetX identified adults undergoing primary TSA (2005-2025) receiving TXA on the day of surgery, stratified by route (IV vs. oral). One-to-one propensity score matching was performed. Ninety-day outcomes included transfusion, thromboembolic events, cardiac and renal complications, neurologic events, infection, wound dehiscence, readmissions, emergency department visits, opioid utilization, and …

Can An Ai System Be Creative? A Critical Perspective From Art And Engineering, Ivan Magrin-Chagnolleau

Presidential Fellows Articles and Research

This paper examines the question of whether artificial intelligence (AI) systems can be creative, approached from the dual perspective of a researcher trained in electrical engineering, pattern recognition, machine learning, and neural networks, who has also spent most of his life engaged in the arts as actor, stage and film director, writer, composer, and visual artist, and in philosophy. Drawing on Margaret Boden’s foundational framework — both her three properties of creativity (novelty, surprise, and value) and her three types of creative processes (combinatorial, exploratory, and transformational) — the paper argues that AI systems are structurally incapable of creativity in …

Leveraging Ai-Driven Financial Resource Identification In Dementia Caregiving-Development Phase, Modupe Akintomide, Xinyue Zhang, Divya Iyer

International Nursing Research Congress (INRC)

Informal dementia caregiving imposes a substantial financial burden on families, compounded by systemic factors such as insurance coverage gaps, prohibitive long-term care costs, and the administrative complexity of navigating public and private benefit programs [1-2].

To address this challenge, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven application designed to streamline access to financial resources. The system is built on a curated dataset that links multidimensional caregiver profiles with relevant financial support programs. Profiles, encoded as input feature vectors, are derived from structured questionnaire responses capturing variables such as employment status, weekly caregiving hours, out-of-pocket medical expenses, and insurance coverage. Each profile …

Reality Check: How Avatar And Face Representation Affect The Perceptual Evaluation Of Synthesized Gestures, Haoyang Du, Yinghan Xu, John Dingliana, Brian Keegan, Rachel Mcdonnell, Cathy Ennis

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

The capacity to create realistic virtual humans has progressed significantly, and such characters can be found in many applications across entertainment, education and health. As an essential element of interactive virtual humans, speech-driven 3D gesture generation still depends heavily on perceptual evaluation, yet studies often vary avatar appearance and facial presentation when judging the generated motions. Prior work suggests these visual choices can bias motion judgments, but controlled evidence remains limited. We address this gap with controlled evaluations of co-speech gestures across motion sources, spanning seven representative avatar renderings used in contemporary research and application pipelines. Our results show that …

Structural Design And Finite Element Analysis Of A 54 Ton Freight Wagon Bolster Test Rig Under Vertical Center Plate Load, Shandy Dwi Prayoga, I Dewa Gede Ary Subagia, I Ketut Adi Atmika, Abdul Rohman Farid, Yunior Lanang Satrio

Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology (JMEST)

Bolster is one of the bogie's components that receives direct loading from the car body and freight movement. One of the problems that occurs in the bolster is permanent deflection during vertical and transversal static loading. Therefore, a static loading test is required to evaluate the structural strength of the bolster. During the static loading test, a rig is required to hold the bolster so that the bolster is in a fixed position. The rig owned by PT. INKA (Persero) showed a plastic deformation at the vertical center plate load (VCP 5.22P). Therefore, a modified design of the rig is …

Look Out For Our Kind, Christof Koch

Animal Sentience

Strongly supportive overall of Birch’s broad tent Sentience Project, I offer an alternative dyadic, single-class, two-stage process based on estimating the probability for sentience, and the associated confidence, for any individual or taxonomic group. I criticize Birch’s narrow computational framework when addressing the question of algorithmic sentience; there are alternative approaches.

One-For-All Community Search On Unseen Graphs, Mo Li, Zhaosong Zhao, Linlin Ding, Renata Borovica-Gajic, Zhongming Yao, Jianxin Li

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Community search is a fundamental graph-based retrieval problem that aims to identify a query-dependent subgraph whose nodes exhibit strong internal connectivity. While recent learning-based methods improve retrieval effectiveness via graph representation learning, they follow a ''one-use-one-train'' paradigm that requires retraining or fine-tuning for each target graph, leading to high data dependency, high training costs, and limited generalization. To handle this, we propose OFA-CS, a ''one-for-all'' community search framework trained once on source datasets and directly deployed to arbitrary unseen graphs without retraining or fine-tuning, while preserving strong performance. Specifically, we introduce a Spectral-Aware Feature Alignment module to unify feature dimensionality …