Digital Commons Network^™

Toys As Evidence, Randall K. Johnson

Faculty Works

This Essay asks and answers a single question, which was posed during a recent symposium at the National Museum of Toys & Miniatures. Could the study of revealed preferences, which is the idea that observed behaviors are the best indicator of one’s beliefs, improve our collective understanding about what constitutes unlawful discrimination in certain U.S. markets? A possible answer, which is informed by the Brown v. Board of Education decision, is the study of revealed preferences may improve our collective understanding for three reasons.

One reason is the study of revealed preferences provides a window into how some producers and …

Frederick Douglass, D.C. Recorder Of Deeds, Randall K. Johnson

Faculty Works

No abstract provided.

Revolutionizing The Cross-Border Payment System, Muhui Shi

Michigan Technology Law Review

When you bought your coffee this morning, you probably didn’t notice that many cross-border payments were hidden in the process of shipping beans in Ethiopia to the barista in your neighborhood. Comprising more than ten percent of what U.S. consumers spend, cross-border payments are an essential part of U.S. dollar dominance and commercial competitiveness. Yet, the outdated cross-border payment system—shrinking constantly in reach and struggling with structural changes—is demanding a complete upgrade.

What is the best path forward? Cryptocurrencies? E-money? Stablecoins? Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs)? In this article, I answer the question by uncovering the core needs of the …

Regulating Ai Beyond Product Liability, Shruti Trikanad

Michigan Technology Law Review

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being used by governments across the world to enforce regulatory mandates, adjudicate benefits and privileges, predict and analyze risks, and much more. Although this has significant potential to increase efficiency and responsiveness, it also comes with several risks of transparency, government accountability, and the amplification of discrimination and bias. It is crucial we oversee and regulate these AI systems effectively. This essay argues against the models that current regulatory frameworks are adopting to govern AI use: those resembling product liability.

Through the lens of the European Union's AI Act and Liability Directive, it highlights the unsuitability …

Health, Patents, And Path Dependence: India's Pharmaceutical Crossroads, Jacie Bissell

Michigan Technology Law Review

This paper examines how India’s historical commitment to affordable medicine and public health continues to shape its pharmaceutical patent regime, even as the country aspires to become an innovation-driven economy. Through the lens of path dependence, the paper explores how India’s legal and institutional frameworks have created structural constraints on policy reform. Focusing on key moments such as the Patents Act of 1970, the landmark Novartis decision, and India’s evolving stance on the TRIPS waiver during the COVID-19 pandemic, the paper analyzes the tensions between fostering pharmaceutical innovation and maintaining access to affordable medicines. While recent procedural reforms and judicial …

Recovering From The Ego Death Of The Internet: How The Communications Decency Act Has Shattered Cyber-Libertarianism And The Non-Exceptionalist Move Toward A Brighter Digital World, Peyton Friedlander

Michigan Technology Law Review

For nearly thirty years, the legal framework for analyzing liability for claims of tortious wrongdoing on the Internet has been governed by Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act (“CDA”). However, much has changed since the Act’s inception. Since Congress enacted the CDA, courts have interpreted its provisions far beyond their original meaning, creating a regime that ultimately destroys a prospective plaintiff’s ability to recover the equitable remedies once available to those seeking redress for online invasions of privacy and reputational harms.

As the Internet continues to grow and changes in technology rapidly develop, it is time to re-center equitable …

Conversational Ai And Human-Centered First Amendment, Inyoung Cheong

Michigan Technology Law Review

Human-centered artificial intelligence (AI) is premised on the idea that humans must remain the ultimate locus of agency in technological systems. First Amendment jurisprudence has displaced this commitment. By extending speech protection to algorithmic architectures, the judiciary has forged a doctrinal shield that insulates corporate actors from the consequences of their products. Conversational AI deepens this crisis through intimate incursions into the epistemic and emotional registers of the self. Emerging approaches that anchor First Amendment coverage to the controllability or traceability of AI outputs offer no stable solution. Policy-level design choices such as safety guardrails and alignment processes can readily …

River City Fashion (2026 Spring)

River City Fashion, 2024-

From the https://studentmedia.vcu.edu/student-media/river-city-fashion/" target="_blank">VCU Student Media Center: "The online-only, student-run fashion and style website reports local events but also details style trends while uncovering local design talent."

Pwatem: An Anthology Of Literature And Art (2026)

Pwatem (Poictesme), 2006-

Pwatem is an anthology of literature and art from undergraduate students at Virginia Commonwealth University. Pwatem publishes poetry, prose and art of all kinds from talented undergraduate students of all majors.

What Are Men Doing To Prevent Gender-Based Violence? Challenges And Resistance To Traditional Masculinities In Costa Rica, Fiorella Masís Aguilar

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Achieving gender equality and reducing violence, especially violence against women, requires men's involvement. This research focuses on understanding the actions and strategies that Costa Rican men who challenge traditional masculinities use to question or resist hegemonic traditional masculinities. Furthermore, it explores what factors influenced the development of these actions and how the participants understand that hegemonic masculinities and their actions to change them are related to gender-based violence. According to Planning Department of the Judiciary of Costa Rica, four out of five perpetrators of violent crimes are men, and eight out of ten victims are women. Using semi-structured interviews with …

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following Emotional Stress: The Role Of Echocardiography In Diagnosis And Management, Ramla Warsame

Bachelor of Science in Diagnostic Ultrasound Projects

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as stress-induced cardiomyopathy or broken heart syndrome, is a temporary weakening of the left ventricle commonly triggered by emotional or physical stress. This case study presents a 77-year-old female who developed chest pain and shortness of breath following severe emotional distress after the passing of her husband. Initial clinical findings suggested acute coronary syndrome because of electrocardiogram abnormalities and mildly elevated troponin levels. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated moderately reduced left ventricular systolic function with an estimated ejection fraction of 30% to 35%, severe hypokinesis of the mid and apical segments, and preserved basal contraction producing the characteristic …

Aortic Root Aneurysm Repair Complicated By The Use Of Va-Ecmo Support: A Case Study, Tristyn Gullen

Bachelor of Science in Diagnostic Ultrasound Projects

Assessing and monitoring a growing aortic root aneurysm through an echocardiogram is essential, as this can become life-threatening and lead to in-depth cardiovascular complications. Many individuals can live with an unknown aortic aneurysm due to the lack of symptoms until the pathology progresses and becomes deadly. By utilizing multimodality imaging such as; Transthoracic-Echocardiogram (TTE), Transesophageal-Echocardiogram (TEE), and Computed Tomography (CT), we can assess this pathology. This case study examines a 45-year-old male with significant cardiac history, including a dilated aortic root and mechanical aortic valve replacement, who has missed several routine follow-up echo appointments. Using the most recent imaging results, …

Bilateral Mature Cystic Teratomas With Ovarian Torsion In An Adolescent: A Case Report, Alessandra Riccio

Bachelor of Science in Diagnostic Ultrasound Projects

This case report describes a fourteen-year-old premenarcheal female with one week of progressive left lower quadrant pain; prior x-rays showed a small calcified pelvic focus, and a pelvic ultrasound two years after revealed a left complex cystic and solid ovarian mass with echogenic foci and altered doppler flow. The patient was transferred to a pediatric hospital for emergency exploratory laparotomy with detorsion and resection of the left ovarian mass; intraoperative inspection found a contralateral mass that was resected two weeks later. Histopathology confirmed the presence of bilateral mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) without malignant features. This case highlights the importance of …

"What Does It Mean If I Am Silent?”: Bipoc And Lgbtq+ Educators’ Narratives Of Identity, Responsibility, And Student Protection, Julie Nicole Von Stein

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This qualitative study examined how BIPOC and LGBTQ+ educators describe their experiences navigating curriculum restrictions and book bans in politically restrictive educational environments, their perceptions of administrator support, and how their identities uniquely shape their decisions about resistance and risk. Grounded in Scott’s theory of everyday resistance, the study explored the ways BIPOC and LGBTQ+ educators make decisions about resistance when curricular content connected to race, gender, sexuality, and marginalized identities is challenged or restricted. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with educators who identify as BIPOC and/or LGBTQ+, allowing participants to describe their experiences, decision-making processes, perceived risks, and …

Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis In A Young Woman With Mast Cell Activation Syndrome: An Atypical Presentation Associated With An Ultra-Rare Cacna1s Variant, Yasmin Aboutaleb, Ali Moradi, Saba Noreen, Abdullah Sahyouni, Hasin Sharma, Olu Oyesanmi, Ian M. Kahane, Yizhi Lin, Hakan R. Toka

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Allergic Contact Dermatitis To Medihoney Gel After Mastectomy: Role Of Alkyl Glucoside Sensitization In Chronic Wounds, Madison M. Taylor, Jordan L. Jafarnia, Austin Black, Kelly C. Nelson, Megan N. Rogge

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Oral N-Acetylcysteine In Hepatitis C - Induced Acute Liver Injury: A Case Report, Mohammed Irfan Khan, Shuchita Jhaveri, Renu Thomas, Kevin Garnepudi, Galvin Dhaliwal, Ahmed Ouni, Shane P. Sweeney, Julian Nguyen

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Unexpected Culprit Revealed After Mechanical Aspiration Thrombectomy: High Thrombus Burden Presenting With Junctional Rhythm Due To Occlusion Of Sinoatrial Node Artery, Originating From Left Circumflex Artery, Anush Agrawal, Dilesha D. Kumanayaka, Anusha Putta

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

A South Texas Mousetrap: A Case Report Of Murine Typhus And Diagnostic Dilemmas, Arjun Kamath, Jose Garza, Matthew Wagner, Deekshita Valiveti, Percy Thomas, Christopher Ganson, Abhay Vakil, Zuhair Ali

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Not Just Cholecystitis: Cancer With Cholecystitis, Saira Ahmed, Joseph Daodu, Anila Punjwani, Shane Sweeney, Pierre Khoury, John Hardaway, Mike K. Liang

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

A Case Report Of Anaphylactic Shock To Tirzepatide, Elinor Barsh, Mohamed Ahmed, Dmitriy Scherbak

Continental and Mountain Divisions GME Resarch Day 2026

No abstract provided.

When Ckd Isn't What It Seems: A Case Of Lect2 Amyloidosis, Ankita Ojha, Banshi M. Rathi

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Unloading The Left Ventricle On Va Ecmo: Comparative Effectiveness Of Ecpella, Iabp, And Venting, Yves Najm Mrad, Snehalkumar Patel

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Determinants Of Successful Neurosurgery Match Among Do Graduates: A Retrospective Analysis Of 111 Matched Applicants, Ankush Chandra, Alexander Hayes, Cameron Ehsan, Laura Zima, James Trippett, Angel Bueno, Jun Kim, Walter R. Johnson, Manish Aghi

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Right Upper Quadrant Pain With Perihepatitis, Morgan D. Homan, Jake Valentine, Edwin R. Malone Ii

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Case Report: Rare Neuropsychiatric Manifestations Seen In A Sle Patient, Ra'phael Freeney, Angel Ryals

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Cultivating Humanity: A Scalable Blueprint For Celebrating Humanism In Graduate Medical Education, Edrianna Mae Ablola, Grace Desrochers, Shuchita Jhaveri, A Charales, L Tatineni, Marelle Montanez, Shane Jenks, Rajeev Raghavan

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

More Than A Scratch: Capnocytophaga Bacteremia Induced Severe Sepsis With Multi-Organ Failure With Occupational Dog Exposure, Cristina Lee, Alex Craig, Dmitriy Scherbak

Continental and Mountain Divisions GME Resarch Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Education For Residents And Patients On Pain Management For Gyn Procedures, Claire Moen, Jeffrey Edwards, Dominique Rehl, Kenyon Weidle

Continental and Mountain Divisions GME Resarch Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Neurologic Complications In Adult Va-Ecmo: Incidence, Phenotypes, And Mortality From Contemporary Elso Registry Analyses And Meta-Analytic Evidence, Yves Najm Mrad, Snehalkumar Patel

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.