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Deep Learning For Embedding And Integrating Multimodal Biomedical Data, Matthew Amodio Apr 2022

Deep Learning For Embedding And Integrating Multimodal Biomedical Data, Matthew Amodio

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Biomedical data is being generated in extremely high throughput and high dimension by technologies in areas ranging from single-cell genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics (cytometry, single-cell RNA and ATAC sequencing) to neuroscience and cognition (fMRI and PET) to pharmaceuticals (drug perturbations and interactions). These new and emerging technologies and the datasets they create give an unprecedented view into the workings of their respective biological entities. However, there is a large gap between the information contained in these datasets and the insights that current machine learning methods can extract from them. This is especially the case when multiple technologies can measure the …

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The Impacts Of Team-Based Care On Primary Care Quality: Evaluating Evidence From The State Innovation Model (Sim) Program In Connecticut, Emily Boudreau Apr 2022

The Impacts Of Team-Based Care On Primary Care Quality: Evaluating Evidence From The State Innovation Model (Sim) Program In Connecticut, Emily Boudreau

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In 2013, CMMI awarded Connecticut a $45 million State Innovation Model (SIM) grant to support healthcare payment and delivery model reforms aimed at improving health system performance, increasing quality of care, and decreasing costs. In the five years that followed, the Office of Healthcare Strategy led care delivery changes across the state with an emphasis on bolstering the role of primary care. In particular, many of these efforts centered on furthering team-based, patient-centered models, such as the patient-centered medical home (PCMH). In this dissertation, I use physician, patient, clinical outcome, and organizational data from the SIM project to explore the …

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Functional Profiling Of Human Commensal Metabolites In Colorectal Cancer And Pain Sensation, Yiyun Cao Apr 2022

Functional Profiling Of Human Commensal Metabolites In Colorectal Cancer And Pain Sensation, Yiyun Cao

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The gastrointestinal tract contains the largest number and greatest diversity of microbes which are referred to collectively as the gut microbiota. Alterations in microbiota dysbiosis are associated with diverse disease states, including colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the causative mechanisms mediated by the gut microbiota are still to be illustrated. Particularly, the gut commensals encode ~150 times more genes than the human genome and thousands of metabolites that mostly lack functional annotations or structural identification. Therefore, the functional profiling of human commensal metabolites is promising to reveal the molecular mechanisms of the …

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Light-Matter Interactions In Thin-Film Materials And Their Optoelectronic Applications, Chen Chen Apr 2022

Light-Matter Interactions In Thin-Film Materials And Their Optoelectronic Applications, Chen Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Thin-film layered and traditional materials exhibit distinctive physics properties from their bulk counterparts. Thin-film materials bridges the gap between monolayer two-dimensional (2D) materials and bulk materials and possess the advantages of both, e.g., large tunability and high stability. However, recent research efforts focus on physical properties of monolayer 2D materials while state-of-art commercialized device applications are dominated by conventional bulk materials. Therefore, great potentials remain unexplored in thin-film materials, which host novel physics phenomenon and are promising for advanced device applications. In this work, we investigated the fundamental light-mattering properties of the thin-film materials and further demonstrated thin film devices …

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Evaluating The Role Of The Alzheimer’S Disease Risk Factor Pyk2 In Tau Phosphorylation, Pathology And Related Dysfunction, Alex Harrison Brody Apr 2022

Evaluating The Role Of The Alzheimer’S Disease Risk Factor Pyk2 In Tau Phosphorylation, Pathology And Related Dysfunction, Alex Harrison Brody

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is the 6th leading cause of death in the US and the 5th leading cause of death in individuals 65 and older. As the global population ages, current projections suggest that AD may overwhelm existing healthcare infrastructure in the 21st century, with cases in the US expected to surpass 13.8 million by 2060. The need for additional disease modifying therapies is paramount, though the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AD is limited by our current understanding of AD pathophysiology. The vast majority of AD cases are sporadic …

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Product Market Competition And Strategic New Product Releases, Ruiting Dai Apr 2022

Product Market Competition And Strategic New Product Releases, Ruiting Dai

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Economic theory suggests that strategic releases of new products can deter entrants and preempt competition. However, tracking new products is challenging due to the multitude of brands and product models. I introduce disclosure-based measures of new products using new product announcements collected from newswires, and examine how product market competition affects firms’ new product releases. Using plausibly exogenous variations in tariff changes as a proxy for foreign competition, I find that firms are more likely to release new products when competition increases. Consistent with my predictions, I also find that the effect concentrates in industries that have higher sales concentration …

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Leading From The Margins: The Wnba And The Emergence Of A New Model Of Sports Activism In The United States, Angele Delevoye Apr 2022

Leading From The Margins: The Wnba And The Emergence Of A New Model Of Sports Activism In The United States, Angele Delevoye

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

After a first wave of activist athletes influenced the 1960s Civil Rights debates and faced negative professional and personal consequences, activist athletes largely disappeared from the American Politics landscape. The return of athlete activism in the last few years has been widely covered by journalists and scholars alike. In this dissertation, I argue that this trend is not a return to the activism of the past, but the emergence of a new model of sports activism. Building on recent developments in the persuasion literature, I show how in this new model, some leagues are in a unique and unprecedented position …

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Sick Time: Medicine, Management, And Slavery In Louisiana And Cuba, 1763-1868, Liana Demarco Apr 2022

Sick Time: Medicine, Management, And Slavery In Louisiana And Cuba, 1763-1868, Liana Demarco

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Modern, capitalist ideas of productivity became central to medicine under slavery. They shaped how physicians treated enslaved patients, crafted a scientific basis for medicine, and conceived of themselves as a profession. Between the late eighteenth century and the mid-nineteenth century, white male physicians in Louisiana and Cuba distinguished themselves from other healers: first, by aligning with Spanish colonialism, and then, by making themselves essential to a new form of plantation management that used clock-time discipline, hierarchical divisions of labor, and complex accounting systems. As these technologies became widespread in sugar and cotton production, they helped planters precisely interpret enslaved health …

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The Role Of Γ-Secretase In Human Papillomavirus Infection, Mac Crite Apr 2022

The Role Of Γ-Secretase In Human Papillomavirus Infection, Mac Crite

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are important pathogens that cause 5% of all human cancers worldwide, including essentially all cases of cervical cancer. Prophylactic vaccines against HPV exist, however these are not widely utilized in all communities, cannot cure existing infection, and do not protect against all subtypes. Therefore, study of HPV infection may lead to important new therapeutics to reduce the spread of the virus and disease burden. In addition, thorough investigation of HPV infection is likely to provide new insights into many aspects of cell biology and biochemistry, as the study of viruses has in the past. HPV requires multiple …

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T Cell Regulation Of Antibody Responses To Infection And Immunization, Jennifer Shuen Chen Apr 2022

T Cell Regulation Of Antibody Responses To Infection And Immunization, Jennifer Shuen Chen

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are the conventional drivers of protective, germinal center (GC)-based antiviral antibody responses. However, loss of Tfh cells and GCs has been observed in patients with severe COVID-19. As T cell-B cell interactions and immunoglobulin class switching still occur in these patients, non-canonical pathways of antibody production may be operative during SARS-CoV-2 infection. We found that both Tfh-dependent and -independent antibodies were induced against SARS-CoV-2 infection, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and influenza A virus infection. Even though Tfh-independent antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 had evidence of reduced somatic hypermutation, they were still high-affinity, durable, and reactive against diverse spike-derived epitopes …

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Systematic Screen Of Histone H4 In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Emma Tung Corcoran Apr 2022

Systematic Screen Of Histone H4 In Arabidopsis Thaliana, Emma Tung Corcoran

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Histones regulate diverse processes in eukaryotes and consequently, can have widespread effects on organismal fitness and development. Histones are a dynamic target for a variety of post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the assessment of histone function has typically been accomplished by mutating enzymes that catalyze and/or recognize these PTMs (i.e., writers and readers, respectively). Although considerable information has been gained in the past several decades by using this strategy, multiple issues such as writer/reader redundancy, unidentified writers/readers of histone PTMs, and writers/readers with additional non-histone targets can preclude the identification of new roles for histones and complicate the assessment of mutant …

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The Melodramatic Unconscious: The Cinematic Afterlife Of Fin-De-Siècle Vienna, Maxfield Walker Fulton Apr 2022

The Melodramatic Unconscious: The Cinematic Afterlife Of Fin-De-Siècle Vienna, Maxfield Walker Fulton

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation centers on four auteurist films by Max Ophuls, Liliana Cavani, Nicolas Roeg, and Stanley Kubrick which turned to the artistic, intellectual, and cultural history of fin-de-siècle Vienna in order to adapt classical Hollywood melodrama for the art cinema genre. Drawing on art history, aesthetic philosophy, literary theory, and film studies, the dissertation intervenes in an ongoing discourse about the relationship between modernism and melodrama. Whereas scholars of European art cinema have tended to focus on how modernist provocateurs have appropriated Brechtian Verfremdungseffekte in order to undermine classical melodrama’s immersive emotionality and advance social critique, my project traces an …

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Molecular Profiling Of The Adult Corticospinal Tract Reveals Transcriptional, Anatomical, And Reactive Heterogeneity, Noa Golan Apr 2022

Molecular Profiling Of The Adult Corticospinal Tract Reveals Transcriptional, Anatomical, And Reactive Heterogeneity, Noa Golan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The corticospinal tract (CST) is the major descending motor tract responsible for voluntary movement in all mammals. Corticospinal neurons (CSNs) have cell bodies in layer 5 of the primary motor cortex, with axons that descend through the internal capsule, decussate at the medullary pyramids, and innervate every spinal segment along the entire spinal neuro-axis. Injury, disease, and neurodegeneration within this pathway result in chronic, irreversible functional deficits in motor and sensory function due to inhibitory extrinsic substrates, including central nervous system (CNS) myelin and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) in the extracellular matrix, and poor intrinsic growth capacity. Current strategies for …

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Transmitters, Texts, And Traditions: The Zoroastrian Priesthood From The Sasanian To The Early Islamic Period, Kayla Dang Apr 2022

Transmitters, Texts, And Traditions: The Zoroastrian Priesthood From The Sasanian To The Early Islamic Period, Kayla Dang

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation examines the institutional framework of the Zoroastrian priesthood through its individual priests and their relationship with ruling authorities. Entitled “Transmitters, Texts, and Traditions: The Zoroastrian Priesthood from Late Antiquity to the Early Islamic Period,” it traces the survival and transformation of the priesthood across the divide of the Arab conquest of Iran, the period of transformation from Zoroastrianism as a state religion under the Sasanid kings to the gradual conversion of the population to Islam under Muslim rulers. Using primary sources in Arabic, Syriac, Armenian, and Greek alongside material culture and literary sources in Middle Persian, I study …

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Spatial And Prediction Models For Addressing Challenges In Pediatric Tuberculosis Control And Care, Kenneth Suranga Gunasekera Apr 2022

Spatial And Prediction Models For Addressing Challenges In Pediatric Tuberculosis Control And Care, Kenneth Suranga Gunasekera

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading causes of global mortality among children <5 years. Each year, over 1 million TB cases occur among children <15 years worldwide, and nearly one quarter of those children die; approximately 80% of those deaths occur among children <5 years. Alleviating the burden of pediatric TB and mortality requires 1) enhanced efforts to prevent transmission to children and 2) treating more children for TB. Targeting resources to children with a known TB exposure has been a cornerstone of the public health response to prevent transmission and detect cases early. Infectious adults must be diagnosed and treated earlier to prevent transmission to their child contacts. Modeling studies suggest that targeting community-level active case-finding to areas with high local transmission intensity may demonstrate population-level reductions in TB incidence. However, obtaining conclusive evidence of concentrated transmission requires access to spatial and genomic data, which is often only available under research conditions in high TB-incidence settings. In chapter 1, I use Bayesian spatial modeling methods to probe routinely collected, age-disaggregated TB notification data to demonstrate that overrepresentation of young child cases co-locate with areas of high local transmission intensity, identified by molecular evidence of transmission from a prospective cohort study in the same setting. This finding suggests that the use of models that leverage widely available notification data should be explored as tools to target case-finding and treatment efforts in high-transmission locations to maximize the direct and indirect benefits of active screening approaches. In chapter 2, I leverage data from a large prevalence survey to investigate a poorly understood form of TB that may frustrate symptom-based active case-finding efforts. Given that modeling estimates suggest that 96% of global childhood mortality due to TB occurs among children not receiving antituberculosis treatment, identifying and treating more cases of pediatric TB provide an opportunity to reduce child mortality. Diagnostic tools for pediatric pulmonary TB are limited by paucibacillary disease in children as well by resource constraints in many high TB-incidence settings. This contributes to poorer treatment outcomes through missed diagnoses and treatment delays. In chapter 3, I describe the analysis of a cohort of children being evaluated for TB from Cape Town, South Africa to demonstrate that a majority of antituberculosis treatment-decisions could be made using clinical evidence alone, without the need for additional diagnostic testing. In chapter 4, I describe the assembly of a large cohort of pediatric TB diagnostic evaluation data sourced from multiple geographically diverse, high TB-incidence settings to develop a prediction model for TB and investigate its validity and generalizability. As part of this work, I describe efforts in partnership with the World Health Organization to operationalize the prediction model as a treatment-decision algorithm to guide the evaluation of children with presumptive pulmonary TB.

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Catalytic Stereoselective Construction Of Terphenyl And Imide Atropisomers By Brønsted Basic Guanidinylated Peptides, Omar Mustapha Beleh Apr 2022

Catalytic Stereoselective Construction Of Terphenyl And Imide Atropisomers By Brønsted Basic Guanidinylated Peptides, Omar Mustapha Beleh

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

This dissertation describes our studies on the development of tetramethylguanidine (TMG)-based peptides as a new class of Brønsted basic catalysts and their application to challenging atroposelective reactions. The enhanced basicity of these peptides has enabled us to access novel reactivity to synthesize scaffolds of interest containing one or more stereogenic axes with high levels of catalyst control.Chapter 1 serves as an introduction to the concept of chirality, with a focus on its connection to the functional role of natural and synthetic molecules. An important subset of chirality is atropisomerism, which arises from restricted bond rotation most commonly between sp2–sp2 atoms. …

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Spectroscopic Probes Of Low-Barrier Proton-Transfer Dynamics, Lidor Foguel Apr 2022

Spectroscopic Probes Of Low-Barrier Proton-Transfer Dynamics, Lidor Foguel

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The diverse discipline of molecular spectroscopy, which has profited tremendously from the advent of tunable laser sources, has transformed the scientific community’s knowledge of the microscopic world, allowing the study of perplexing quantum-chemical phenomena. Classically-hindered proton transfer, a multidimensional process mediated by nuclear-quantum effects (e.g., potential-barrier tunneling), is a chemical transformation that forms the crux of all acid/base chemistry. Although extensive research efforts have aimed to establish the paradigms that govern this transformation, a full understanding has proven elusive with questions continuing to emerge.Exploring the proton-transfer reaction, and the related concept of hydrogen bonding, has benefitted greatly from investigations of …

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Essay In Social Coordination, Jacob Derechin Apr 2022

Essay In Social Coordination, Jacob Derechin

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Social Coordination is an essential feature of any social system. Coordination is a precondition for certain kinds of cooperation, as cooperation implies agents working together for a common cause, while coordination only implies agents synchronizing their behavior. For example, social contagion suggests a mechanism for groups to socially coordinate without necessarily cooperating. When behaviors spread across social ties the people may not be actively intending to spread the behavior, so they are not always cooperating. The necessity of coordination does not imply that it is easy to achieve. In Chapter 1, I survey two theoretical frameworks for operationalizing the challenges …

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Automated Approaches For Program Verification And Repair, William Triest Hallahan Apr 2022

Automated Approaches For Program Verification And Repair, William Triest Hallahan

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Formal methods techniques, such as verification, analysis, and synthesis,allow programmers to prove properties of their programs, or automatically derive programs from specifications. Making such techniques usable requires care: they must provide useful debugging information, be scalable, and enable automation. This dissertation presents automated analysis and synthesis techniques to ease the debugging of modular verification systems and allow easy access to constraint solvers from functional code. Further, it introduces machine learning based techniques to improve the scalability of off-the-shelf syntax-guided synthesis solvers and techniques to reduce the burden of network administrators writing and analyzing firewalls. We describe the design and implementationof …

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Processor Microarchitecture Security, Shuwen Deng Apr 2022

Processor Microarchitecture Security, Shuwen Deng

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

As computer systems grow more and more complicated, various optimizations can unintentionally introduce security vulnerabilities in these systems. The vulnerabilities can lead to user information and data being compromised or stolen. In particular, the ending of both Moore's law and Dennard scaling motivate the design of more exotic microarchitectural optimizations to extract more performance -- further exacerbating the security vulnerabilities. The performance optimizations often focus on sharing or re-using of hardware components within a processor, between different users or programs. Because of the sharing of the hardware, unintentional information leakage channels, through the shared components, can be created. Microarchitectural attacks, …

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Collared Men: Ethnographic Essays On Navigating Race And Status In Everyday Live, Craig Holloway Apr 2022

Collared Men: Ethnographic Essays On Navigating Race And Status In Everyday Live, Craig Holloway

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The demands of the American society are changing as it develops into a more plural anddiverse society that is characterized by an increasingly specialized economy. Many are willing to say that we are in both a post-industrial and post-racial society that renders equal opportunity for all people. Yet, black men continue to be in relatively peculiar circumstances as people from varied statuses. Status is fluid. And their narrations of their everyday lives and the lives of their counterparts through their own status can at times be strikingly different from mainstream society. These men navigate the demands of race, family and …

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Quantitative Methods For Improving Medical Decision-Making, Margret Erlendsdottir Apr 2022

Quantitative Methods For Improving Medical Decision-Making, Margret Erlendsdottir

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Innovation in causal inference and implementation of electronic health record systems are rapidly transforming medical care. In this dissertation, we present three examples in which use of methods in causal inference and large electronic health record data address existign challenges in medical decision-making. First, we use principles of causal inference to examine the structure of randomized trials of biomarker targets, which have produced divergent results and controversial clinical guidelines for management of hypertension and other chronic diseases. We discuss four key threats to the validity of trials of this design. Second, we use methods in causal inference for adjustment of …

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Essays In The Industrial Organization Of Regulatory Policy, Jonathan Thomas Hawkins-Pierot Apr 2022

Essays In The Industrial Organization Of Regulatory Policy, Jonathan Thomas Hawkins-Pierot

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Governments use a wide variety of policy instruments to achieve their goals, including price signals, constraints on firms’ behavior, and direct action. The consequences of such policies depend on how they interact with the underlying economic system. Measuring the impact of an intervention can be difficult, especially when the policy was not designed or implemented with evaluation in mind. Moreover, it is often ex ante prediction of a policy’s costs and benefits, rather than ex post evaluation, which is relevant for decision making. This dissertation examines issues related to both evaluating and predicting the effects of regulations in two important …

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Learning Non-Parametric And High-Dimensional Distributions Via Information-Theoretic Methods, Soham Jana Apr 2022

Learning Non-Parametric And High-Dimensional Distributions Via Information-Theoretic Methods, Soham Jana

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Learning distributions that govern generation of data and estimation of related functionals are the foundations of many classical statistical problems. In the following dissertation we intend to investigate such topics when either the hypothesized model is non-parametric or the number of free parameters in the model grows along with the sample size. Especially, we study the above scenarios for the following class of problems with the goal of obtaining minimax rate-optimal methods for learning the target distributions when the sample size is finite. Our techniques are based on information-theoretic divergences and related mutual-information based methods. (i) Estimation in compound decision …

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Does Soil Carbon Support Climate Resilient Agricultural Systems? Searching For Evidence And Developing New Measurement Tools, Daniel Kane Apr 2022

Does Soil Carbon Support Climate Resilient Agricultural Systems? Searching For Evidence And Developing New Measurement Tools, Daniel Kane

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

2022Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) is frequently promoted as a “win-win” strategy for agricultural management in the face of a changing climate. This framing is based on the notion that building SOC both reduces yield losses/variability by improving soil water dynamics, and that building SOC can contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing atmospheric carbon. While this framing may be useful, relationships between SOC and such outcomes are often poorly described and not quantitative. That is, it’s unclear how much of an improvement to SOC is needed to reduce yield losses, whether or not that effect translates across soil types …

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Essays In Corruption And Capture, Trevor Incerti Apr 2022

Essays In Corruption And Capture, Trevor Incerti

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Corruption is commonly defined as the abuse of public office for private gain. However, private gain can be extracted from political processes or connections in ways that often do not constitute "abuse" or meet legal definitions of corruption. This volume explores some of the myriad ways private and public actors use political decisions to extract private gains—legal or extralegal—as well as explores potential mechanisms to reduce these actions. The first two chapters examine the degree to which individual citizens can reduce extraction of private gain from public office through participation in politics. The first chapter examines the average electoral cost …

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Modulating Innate Immunity Via Cd40-Based Myeloid Targeting Can Overcome Anti-Pd1 Therapy Resistance, Irina Krykbaeva Apr 2022

Modulating Innate Immunity Via Cd40-Based Myeloid Targeting Can Overcome Anti-Pd1 Therapy Resistance, Irina Krykbaeva

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and is estimated to have caused 7180 deaths in the United States in 2021. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized melanoma treatment over the past decade and dual therapy with anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 inhibitors is currently the standard of care for advanced melanoma. Despite the success of this treatment regimen, resistance remains a significant clinical challenge. Many tumors either do not respond to checkpoint inhibition or develop resistance and ultimately patients experience disease progression. Options for these patients are limited and there is a critical need for new therapies to adequately treat anti-PD1 non-responders. …

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Essays In Financial Economics, Canyao Liu Apr 2022

Essays In Financial Economics, Canyao Liu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

In my dissertation, I dive into three specific areas in financial economics. Chapter 1 of my Ph.D. dissertation studies how the boom in off-exchange trading at the market close affects the close price discovery. In recent years, investment banks like Goldman Sachs have started a "guaranteed close" business where investors looking to buy or sell shares of a certain stock can get a guarantee from the bank to execute their orders at the close price set on the primary exchange. Using the TAQ data and a quasi-experimental shock from NYSE fee cut, we find that when the fraction of trades …

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Neural Graph Transfer Learning In Natural Language Processing Tasks, Irene Li Apr 2022

Neural Graph Transfer Learning In Natural Language Processing Tasks, Irene Li

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Natural language is essential in our daily lives as we rely on languages to communicate and exchange information. A fundamental goal for natural language processing (NLP) is to let the machine understand natural language to help or replace human experts to mine knowledge and complete tasks. Many NLP tasks deal with sequential data. For example, a sentence is considered as a sequence of works. Very recently, deep learning-based language models (i.e.,BERT \citep{devlin2018bert}) achieved significant improvement in many existing tasks, including text classification and natural language inference. However, not all tasks can be formulated using sequence models. Specifically, graph-structured data is …

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System Abstractions For Scalable Application Development At The Edge, Bo Hu Apr 2022

System Abstractions For Scalable Application Development At The Edge, Bo Hu

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

Recent years have witnessed an explosive growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, which collect or generate huge amounts of data. Given diverse device capabilities and application requirements, data processing takes place across a range of settings, from on-device to a nearby edge server/cloud and remote cloud. Consequently, edge-cloud coordination has been studied extensively from the perspectives of job placement, scheduling and joint optimization. Typical approaches focus on performance optimization for individual applications. This often requires domain knowledge of the applications, but also leads to application-specific solutions. Application development and deployment over diverse scenarios thus incur repetitive manual efforts. There …

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