Digital Commons Network^™

Biliary Metaplasia And Macrophage Activation Define The Cellular Landscape Of Cardiogenic Liver Disease, Arick C Park, Christina F Fu, Adeesh Parvathaneni, Bin Q Yang, Mandy M Chan, Kathleen Byrnes, Joel D Schilling

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Right heart failure significantly impacts liver remodeling and function, a process referred to as cardiogenic liver disease. Although recognized as a risk factor for adverse outcomes, little is understood about the cellular and molecular players that contribute to liver disease in heart failure. Using human liver biopsy samples from patients with heart failure and a mouse model of liver congestion, we unraveled a nexus of macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and biliary metaplastic cells that shape the pathologic environment of cardiogenic liver disease.

The Cognitive Profile Of Older Adults With Treatment-Resistant Depression: An Analysis Of The Optimum Randomized Controlled Trial, Nicholas J Ainsworth, Hanadi Oughli, Helen Lavretsky, Daniel M Blumberger, Patrick J Brown, Meryl A Butters, Jordan F Karp, Emily Lenard, Eric J Lenze, Mary Pat Mcandrews, J Philip Miller, Bruce G Pollock, Charles F Reynolds, Benoit H Mulsant

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Major depressive disorder in older adults (late-life depression; LLD) is frequently associated with cognitive impairment, and some deficits (e.g., executive function) have been associated with a higher level of treatment resistance. However, the cognitive profile of treatment-resistant LLD (TR-LLD) has not been characterized. We hypothesized that patients with TR-LLD would show deficits in cognitive function, especially executive function, and that executive function deficits would predict poorer response to pharmacotherapy.

DESIGN: Secondary analysis of baseline cognitive data from OPTIMUM, a multicenter RCT evaluating pharmacotherapy strategies for TR-LLD.

SETTING: Five outpatient academic medical centers (4 US, 1 Canada).

PARTICIPANTS: About 369 …

Sexually Dimorphic Cardiovascular Impacts Of Prenatal Exposure To A Real-Life Environmental Chemical Mixture In Adult Offspring, Noor Muhammad Khan, Victoria Scott, Mohammad Ghasemzadeh-Hasankolaei, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Arpita Vyas, Neil P Evans, Michelle Bellingham

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death that is sexually dimorphic. This study used an ovine model to investigate whether maternal exposure to an environmental chemical (EC) mixture (biosolids) prior to and throughout pregnancy, affected offspring cardiovascular (CV) structure and function in adulthood. CV function of male and female offspring from ewes grazed on either conventionally fertilised (control, C) or biosolids-treated pasture (B) was assessed. Males exhibited higher blood pressure compared to females with no significant effect of EC exposure. Heart rate variability in females suggested reduced autonomic regulation in the B group. EC-exposed males, but not females, …

Long-Term Results Of Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Versus Hamstring Tendon Autograft For Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Varun Gopinatth, Sina Tartibi, Matthew V Smith, Matthew J Matava, Robert H Brophy, Derrick M Knapik

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) and hamstring tendon (HT) autografts are the most commonly utilized grafts for primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). While previous studies have compared outcomes using BTB and HT grafts for ACLR at short- and mid-term follow-ups, outcomes at long-term follow-ups remain unclear.

PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating BTB versus HT autografts for primary ACLR at a minimum 10-year follow-up.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 2.

METHODS: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the 2020 PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) …

Neuroimmune Mechanisms Of Type 2 Inflammation In The Skin And Lung, Masato Tamari, Aaron M Ver Heul

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Type 2 inflammation has a major role in barrier tissues such as the skin and airways and underlies common conditions including atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma. Cytokines including interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 are key immune signatures of type 2 inflammation and are the targets of multiple specific therapeutics for allergic diseases. Despite shared core immune mechanisms, the distinct structures and functions of the skin and airways lead to unique therapeutic responses. It is increasingly recognized that the nervous system has a major role in sensing and directing inflammatory processes. Indeed, crosstalk between type 2 immune activation and somatosensory …

Enhancing Human Nk Cell Antitumor Function By Knocking Out Smad4 To Counteract Tgfβ And Activin A Suppression, Anna Rea, Bishan Bhattarai, Marco Colonna, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and activin A suppress natural killer (NK) cell function and proliferation, limiting the efficacy of adoptive NK cell therapies. Inspired by the partial resistance to TGFβ of NK cells with SMAD4 haploinsufficiency, we used CRISPR-Cas9 for knockout of SMAD4 in human NK cells. Here we show that SMAD4

Antibody Responses In Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bloodstream Infection: A Prospective Cohort Study, Wontae Hwang, Paeton L Wantuch, David A Rosen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of infection-related deaths globally, yet little is known about human antibody responses to invasive K pneumoniae. We sought to determine whether the O-specific polysaccharide antigen is immunogenic in humans with K pneumoniae bloodstream infection. We also sought to define the cross-reactivity of human antibody responses among structurally related K pneumoniae O-specific polysaccharide subtypes and to assess the effect of capsule production on O-specific polysaccharide-targeted antibody binding and function.

METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, we compared plasma antibody responses to O-specific polysaccharide in a cohort of consecutively enrolled patients with K pneumoniae bloodstream …

The Ten Test And Sensory Evaluation Of Hand And Finger Injuries In The Emergency Department, Emilie H Lothet, Aaron J Lacy, Elizabeth B Odom

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Hand and finger injuries are a common presenting complaint to the emergency department (ED) and are associated with significant morbidity. Neurologic evaluation of these injuries is a crucial component of the patient assessment and can be done via a variety of testing methods.

DISCUSSION: Although most taught and cited in the ED literature, the two-point discrimination test for sensation has several drawbacks, including limited reproducibility and reliability. Although often utilized by hand surgical specialists, the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and the Weinstein Enhanced Sensory Test are not practical for the emergency physician due to the need for specialized equipment and …

Transcriptome Meta-Analysis Uncovers Cell-Specific Regulatory Relationships In Embryonic, Juvenile, Adult, And Aged Mouse Lens Epithelium And Fibers, Matthieu Duot, Sarah Y Coomson, Sanjaya K Shrestha, M V Murali Krishna Nagulla, Yann Audic, Ruteja A Barve, Hongzhan Huang, Carole Gautier-Courteille, Luc Paillard, Salil A Lachke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: The lens transcriptome has been examined using microarrays and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). These omics data are the basis of the bioinformatics web-resource iSyTE that has identified new genes involved in lens development and cataract. The lens predominantly contains epithelial and fiber cells, and yet, presently, iSyTE is based on whole lens data. To gain cell-specific regulatory insights, we meta-analyzed isolated epithelium and fiber transcriptomes from embryonic/postnatal, adult and aged lenses.

METHODS: Mouse lens epithelium and fiber transcriptome public datasets at embryonic (E) and postnatal (P) stages E12.5, E14.5, E16.5, E18.5, P0.5, P0, P5, P13, and age one month, three months, …

Lyset Facilitates Integration Of Both The N- And C-Terminal Transmembrane Helices/Cytoplasmic Domains Of Glcnac-1-Phosphotransferase, Baraj Doray, Benjamin C Jennings, Xi Yang, Lin Liu, Varsha Venkatarangan, Stuart Kornfeld, Ming Li

2020-Current year OA Pubs

LYSET is a recently identified Golgi transmembrane (TM) protein, and inactivating mutations in the

Saludo: A Randomized Phase Iib/Iii Study Of Lurbinectedin Plus Doxorubicin As First-Line Treatment In Leiomyosarcoma, Gregory M Cote, Mia C Weiss, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Previous phase I/II trials indicate promising activity of lurbinectedin plus doxorubicin (DOX) in leiomyosarcoma (LMS). We describe here the rationale and design of SaLuDo, an open label, randomized, multicenter, seamless phase IIb/III study to evaluate the antitumor activity and safety of lurbinectedin plus DOX

First-In-Human Phase I Study Of A Cd16a Bispecific Innate Cell Engager, Afm24, Targeting Egfr-Expressing Solid Tumors, Anthony El-Khoueiry, Todd A Fehniger, Mark Foster, Melissa M Berrien-Elliott, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Innate immune cell-based therapies have shown promising antitumor activity against solid and hematologic malignancies. AFM24, a bispecific innate cell engager, binds CD16A on NK cells/macrophages and EGFR on tumor cells, redirecting antitumor activity toward tumors. The safety and tolerability of AFM24 were evaluated in this phase I/IIa dose-escalation/dose-expansion study in patients with recurrent or persistent, advanced solid tumors known to express EGFR.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The main objective in phase I was to determine the MTD and/or recommended phase II dose. The primary endpoint was the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities during the observation period. Secondary endpoints included the incidence …

Acute Trem2 Inhibition Depletes Mafb-High Microglia And Hinders Remyelination, Jinchao Hou, Roberta Magliozzi, Yun Chen, Junjie Wu, John Wulf Ii, Gregory Strout, Xiangming Fang, Marco Colonna

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We investigated the role of Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) in myelin regeneration in the brain. TREM2 is a receptor that activates microglia, which are crucial for clearing myelin debris and promoting remyelination. Previous studies in a mouse model of demyelination induced by the copper-chelating agent Cuprizone (CPZ) have shown that stimulation of TREM2 with a monoclonal antibody reduces demyelination, while deleting the

Bcl-Xl Protects Ass1-Deficient Cancers From Arginine Starvation-Induced Apoptosis, Prashanta Kumar Panda, Ana Carolina Paschoalini Mafra, Alliny C S Bastos, Li Cao, Maria Serra Bonet, Caitlyn B Brashears, Ethan Yang Chen, Heather M Benedict-Hamilton, William Ehrhardt, John Bomalaski, Carina Dehner, Leonard C Rogers, Toshinao Oyama, Brian A Van Tine

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Argininosuccinate synthetase 1 (ASS1) silencing in carcinomas and sarcomas leads to a dependence on extracellular arginine for survival. Arginine deprivation therapies, such as PEGylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20), have shown limited effectiveness, which may be due to underlying mechanisms that inhibit apoptosis.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The effects of ADI-PEG20 on cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, and BCL-XL-mediated survival pathways in ASS1-deficient cancer cells were determined. The mechanism of cell death protection was determined by assessing caspase and PARP cleavage, CDK2 activity, MCL1 expression, and the interactions among BCL-XL, BAX, and BAK. In vitro synergy was determined, and in vivo efficacy was modeled.

RESULTS: …

Safety And Efficacy Of Fecal Microbiota, Live-Jslm, In Preventing Recurrent Clostridioides Difficile Infection In Participants Who Were Mildly To Moderately Immunocompromised In The Phase 3 Punch Cd3-Ols Study, Carolyn D Alonso, Glenn S Tillotson, Monique R Bidell, Beth Guthmueller, Frederikke Hoeyer, Monika Fischer, Erik R Dubberke

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Fecal microbiota, live-jslm (RBL; Rebyota), is the first Food and Drug Administration-approved, single-dose, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic to prevent recurrent

METHODS: Participants with rCDI who had immunocompromising conditions and/or were taking immunosuppressive medications were included. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were collected for up to 6 months following RBL administration. Efficacy outcomes included treatment success at 8 weeks and sustained clinical response at 6 months.

RESULTS: Overall, 793 participants were enrolled in PUNCH CD3-OLS and 697 received RBL; 141 were included in the immunocompromised subgroup. TEAEs within 8 weeks were reported by 44.7% and 48.0% of participants in the immunocompromised and …

Patient- And Community-Level Characteristics Associated With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination, Diya Surie, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: In 2023, the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines were recommended for US adults 60 years or older, but few data are available about which patients were most likely to receive vaccine to inform future RSV vaccine outreach efforts.

OBJECTIVE: To assess patient- and community-level characteristics associated with RSV vaccine receipt and patient knowledge and attitudes related to RSV disease and RSV vaccines.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: During the first season of RSV vaccine use from October 1, 2023, to April 30, 2024, adults 60 years or older hospitalized with RSV-negative acute respiratory illness were enrolled in this cross-sectional …

Patients' Attitudes To Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: A Global Survey, Easan Anand, Jalpa Devi, Anna Antoniou, Shivani Joshi, Jaap Stoker, Phillip Lung, Ailsa Hart, Phil Tozer, David H Ballard, Parakkal Deepak

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: There is limited patient involvement in radiological research for perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease (pfCD), despite magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)'s critical role in diagnosis and management. Patient and public involvement is essential for aligning research with patient priorities. This study aimed to gather patient perspectives on the use of MRI in pfCD.

METHODS: A mixed-methods approach was used, following Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public (GRIPP2) guidelines. An online survey, co-developed with a patient representative, included open and closed questions on MRI experiences, advantages, challenges, and the potential for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-generated reports. This was followed by …

Engineering Adhesive Hydrogels For Hemostasis And Vascular Repair, Juya Jeon, Shri Venkatesh Subramani, Kok Zhi Lee, Santiago Elizondo-Benedetto, Mohamed Adel Zayed, Fuzhong Zhang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Adhesive hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties and strong adhesion to wet, dynamic tissues have emerged as promising materials for tissue repair, with potential applications in wound closure, hemorrhage control, and surgical adhesives. This review highlights the key design principles, material classifications, and recent advances in adhesive hydrogels designed for vascular repair. The limitations of existing adhesive hydrogels, including insufficient mechanical durability, suboptimal biocompatibility, and challenges in targeted delivery, are critically evaluated. Furthermore, innovative strategies-such as incorporating self-healing capabilities, developing stimuli-responsive systems, integrating functional nanocomposites, and employing advanced fabrication techniques like 3D bioprinting-are discussed to enhance adhesion, mechanical stability, and vascular …

Hypertension Diagnosis And Management In Bamako, Mali, Issiaka Camara, Mohamed Traore, Mamoudou Maiga, Dike Ojji, Jane Holl, Souleymane Coulibaly, Mark D Huffman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PROBLEM: The capacity and site readiness for delivering hypertension management services in Mali were unknown, hindering the effective implementation of the World Health Organization (WHO) HEARTS technical package for cardiovascular disease management.

APPROACH: We selected one tertiary and two secondary hospitals to be assessed. From December 2021 to January 2022, hospital cardiologists collected data on indicators of capacity and site readiness using an adapted version of the WHO service availability and readiness assessment questionnaire. The study team verified the collected data through site inspection and review of administrative documents.

LOCAL SETTING: Mali, a low-income country with a population of 22 …

Preparing To Implement Shared Decision Making In Anaesthesia For Hip Fracture Surgery: A Qualitative Interview Study, Eliana C Goldstein, Mark D Neuman, Viktoria Vonder Haar, Aaron C Li, Carlos E Guerra-Londono, Glyn Elwyn, Stacie G Deiner, Adnan Hussain, Joshua W Sappenfield, Christopher J Edwards, Sabry Ayad, James H Baraldi, Karah Whatley, Mary C Politi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Shared decision making is rarely used in anaesthesia consultations. Because either spinal or general anaesthesia can be appropriate for many patients undergoing surgery to repair a hip fracture, this is an appropriate context to implement and test shared decision making and associated resources for anaesthesia decisions. Conversation aids can facilitate shared decision making between clinicians, patients, and caregivers about treatment choices.

METHODS: We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews at seven sites from April to September 2024 to prepare for implementation of a conversation aid about anaesthesia choices for hip fracture surgery. Interviews elicited feedback on shared decision making and a …

Gene Expression Differences Associated With Alcohol Use Disorder In Human Brain, Caryn Willis, Julie D White, Melyssa S Minto, Bryan C Quach, Shizhong Han, Ran Tao, Joo Heon Shin, Amy Deep-Soboslay, Thomas M Hyde, R Dayne Mayfield, Bradley T Webb, Eric O Johnson, Joel E Kleinman, Laura J Bierut, Dana B Hancock

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. To improve understanding of neurobiological mechanisms associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in humans, we compared gene expression data from deceased individuals with and without AUD across two addiction-relevant brain regions: the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Bulk RNA-seq data from NAc and DLPFC (N ≥50 with AUD, ≥46 non-AUD) were analyzed for differential gene expression using modified negative binomial regression adjusting for technical and biological covariates. The region-level results were meta-analyzed with those from an independent dataset (N

Methylomic Signature Of Current Cannabis Use In Two First-Episode Psychosis Cohorts, Emma L Dempster, Emma C Johnson, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The rising prevalence and legalisation of cannabis worldwide have underscored the need for a comprehensive understanding of its biological impact, particularly on mental health. Epigenetic mechanisms, specifically DNA methylation, have gained increasing recognition as vital factors in the interplay between risk factors and mental health. This study aimed to explore the effects of current cannabis use and high-potency cannabis on DNA methylation in two independent cohorts of individuals experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) compared to control subjects. The combined sample consisted of 682 participants (188 current cannabis users and 494 never users). DNA methylation profiles were generated on blood-derived DNA samples …

In Vivo Manipulation Of Human Gut Bacteroides Fitness By Abiotic Oligosaccharides, Darryl A Wesener, Zachary W Beller, Megan F Hill, Han Yuan, David B Belanger, Cheryl Frankfater, Nicolas Terrapon, Bernard Henrissat, Dmitry A Rodionov, Semen A Leyn, Andrei Osterman, Johan E T Van Hylckama Vlieg, Jeffrey I Gordon

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Synthetic glycans (SGs) containing glycosidic linkages and structures not identified in nature offer a means for deliberately altering microbial community properties. Here pools of SG oligosaccharides were generated via polymerization of monosaccharides and screened for their ability to increase saccharolytic Bacteroides in ex vivo cultures of human fecal samples. A lead SG preparation was orally administered to gnotobiotic mice harboring a consortium of 56 cultured, phylogenetically diverse human gut bacteria and fed a Western diet. The abundances of 3 of 15 Bacteroides strains increased, most prominently B. intestinalis. Underlying mechanisms were characterized by analyzing in vivo expression of the carbohydrate …

Diverse Case Series Of Granulomatous Peritonitis Mimicking Advanced Ovarian Cancer, Rachel L Furuya, Bobbie J Rimel, Richard Tsai, Rebecca Ann Brooks, L Stewart Massad, Premal H Thaker, John D Pfeifer

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Epithelial ovarian cancer commonly presents with vague symptoms that delay diagnosis until disease is advanced. Granulomatous peritonitis is a term used to describe granulomatous inflammation within the peritoneal cavity and mimics advanced stage ovarian cancer clinically and on imaging. The goal of this study was to examine the frequency and characteristics of cases of granulomatous peritonitis mimicking ovarian cancer at a single institution and to describe the etiology in this population.

METHODS: Eight cases were identified with pathology conformation of granulomatous disease and absence of cancer. The etiologies include pelvic tuberculosis, ruptured dermoid cyst, ruptured hemorrhagic corpus luteum, prior …

Association Between Anticoagulant-Related Bleeding And Mortality In Patients With Hematological Malignancies And Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism, Tzu-Fei Wang, Suhong Luo, Brian F Gage, Martin W Schoen, Amber Afzal, Kenneth Carson, Su-Hsin Chang, Amir Mahmoud, Kristen M Sanfilippo

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of severe bleeding. Anticoagulant (AC) therapy further increases this risk. Mortality after these bleeds is unclear and may differ by bleeding site. Aim To evaluate the association between bleeding and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies prescribed AC therapy for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE).

METHODS: In a nationwide cohort of US Veterans (2012-2020), we identified patients with hematological malignancies and cancer-associated VTE prescribed AC therapy. Bleeding events were identified by a previously validated algorithm using hospitalization International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. Within 12 months of AC therapy initiation, we …

The Interplay Of Website Characteristics, Attitude, And Booking Intentions For Different Hotel Websites: A Theory Of Reasoned Action Perspective, Atefeh Charmchian Langroudi, Imran Rahman, Maryam Charmchian Langroudi, John Stephan, Parisa Mohammadi

Journal of Global Hospitality and Tourism

Using the theory of reasoned action as the underlying theoretical foundation, this study examines the direct effects of compatibility, perceived usefulness, communicability, perceived risk, and perceived playfulness on attitudes toward online booking and the indirect effects of these variables on consumers’ intention to use three different online hotel booking channels - independent hotel websites, chain hotel websites, and third-party hotel websites. Additionally, this study tests the direct effect of attitude towards online booking on consumers’ intention to use the three online booking channels. Collected data from 638 participants via Amazon M-Turk was analyzed using partial least squares based structural equation …

Strengthening The Paediatric Clinical Trial Ecosystem To Better Inform Policy And Programmes, James A. Berkley, Judd L. Walson, Glenda Gray, Fiona Russell, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Per Ashorn, Shane A. Norris, Ebunoluwa A. Adejuyigbe, Rebecca Grais, Bernhards Ogutu

Institute for Global Health and Development

The first WHO Global Clinical Trials Forum was convened in November, 2023 to develop a shared vision of an effective global clinical trial infrastructure. The Paediatric Clinical Trials Working Group was formed to provide perspectives, identify challenges, and propose solutions to strengthen the paediatric clinical trials ecosystem. Participants represented paediatric disciplines, including infectious diseases, nutrition, neonatology, pharmacology, oncology, neurodevelopment, public health, and policy. Childhood diseases have profound lifelong effects on health, livelihoods, and societies. Investment in early childhood results in highly cost-effective changes to lifelong health, productivity, and human capital returns. Yet, there remain substantial gaps in knowledge on the …

Measuring The Extent Of Cyberbullying Comments In Facebook Groups For Mosul University Students, Kanaan J. Brakas, Mafaz Alanezi

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

The widespread utilization of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram inside academic organizations has become fundamental for student correspondence and joint effort, yet it has simultaneously prompted an increase in cyberbullying incidents. Cyberbullying is embodied by offensive and harmful comments that sabotage the casualty's prosperity. This study plans to resolve this issue by fostering an extensive module to distinguish cases of cyberbullying inside Facebook groups of Mosul University students. Our methodology starts with the collection of data in the Arabic language, which is then exposed to careful manual handling to label comments and eliminate clamor-like copies and …

Dagchains: An Improved Blockchain Structure Based On Directed Acyclic Graph Construction And Distributed Mining, Abbas Mahdi, Furkan Rabee

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

Blockchain has revolutionized cryptocurrency and completely changed the management of data and transactions in the digital world because of its decentralized nature, improved transparency, increased security measures, ability to facilitate commercial trading between untrusted parties, and contribution to preventing fraudulent activity. However, the primary issue with blockchain systems is their limited scalability, as they can only process a maximum of 30 transactions per second (TPS), like Ethereum and Bitcoin. In this paper, we introduce an approach using the Nakamoto protocol and the Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to develop an improved infrastructure known as a DAGchains that can increase the processing …

A Dynamic Dna Cryptosystem For Secure File Sharing, Kanaan J. Brakas, Mafaz Alanezi

Mesopotamian Journal of CyberSecurity

The digital age relies heavily on file sharing, which has become more important with the increasing use of digital data and the Internet. Along with this increasing importance come major and widespread security issues, especially for files containing sensitive or vital data, such as those related to commercial, military, or healthcare sectors. The most common and effective way to protect the security and privacy of shared files containing sensitive information is still encryption. With the development of high-efficiency devices and massive processing capabilities, traditional encryption methods are increasingly under pressure from modern computer security threats, particularly quantum computing. This study …