Digital Commons Network^™

Mule Deer Do More With Less: Comparing Their Nutritional Requirements And Tolerances With White-Tailed Deer, Anna R. Staudenmaier, Lisa A. Shipley, Meghan J. Camp, Jennifer S. Forbey, Ann E. Hagerman, Abigail E. Brandt, Daniel H. Thornton

Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Congeneric species often share ecological niche space resulting in competitive interactions that either limit co-occurrence or lead to niche partitioning. Differences in fundamental nutritional niches mediated through character displacement or isolation during evolution are potential mechanisms that could explain overlapping distribution patterns of congenerics. We directly compared nutritional requirements and tolerances that influence the fundamental niche of mule (Odocoileus hemionus) and white-tailed deer (O. virginianus), which occur in allopatry and sympatry in similar realized ecological niches across their ranges in North America. Digestible energy and protein requirements and tolerances for plant fiber and plant secondary …

Probiotic Interventions To Reduce Antepartum Group B Streptococcus Colonization: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Lisa Hanson, Leona Vandevusse, Emily Malloy, Mauricio Garnier-Villarreal, Lauren Watson, Alissa V. Fial, Marie Forgie, Katrina Nardini, Nasia Safdar

Library Faculty Research and Publications

Objective

To systematically review and meta-analyse studies of the efficacy of probiotics to reduce antenatal Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonisation.

Participants

Antenatal participants with known positive GBS colonisation or unknown GBS status.

Intervention

Probiotic interventions containing species of Lactobacillus or Streptococcus.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Measurements and findings

The systematic review included 10 studies. Five articles contained in vitro studies of probiotic interventions to determine antagonistic activity against GBS. Six clinical trials of probiotics to reduce antenatal GBS were systematically reviewed and meta-analysed. The meta-analysis revealed that the use of an antenatal probiotic decreased the probability of a …

A Case Study Examining How Teachers And Parents Provide Strategies That Nurture The Academic And Social Development Of Young Black Children In Low-Socioeconomic Communities, Naomi Nyambura Karaya

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to describe how teachers and parents provided strategies that nurture the academic and social development of young Black children in schools located in low-socioeconomic communities in the United States. The study explored how teachers and parents balance nature with nurture in their instructional and parenting practices to positively impact students' academic growth and behavior. All participants in this case study were Black and included five teachers, four parents, two school counselors, two psychologists, and two social workers. Both males and females from diverse ethnic backgrounds were selected as participants and identified as co-researchers. …

A Severe Case Of Odontogenic Infection And Necrotizing Fasciitis Of The Anterior Chest Wall And Neck., Mallorie L Huff, Kyle S Wilson Md, Kathleen E. Kane Md, Kathryn L Wheel Md, Joseph J. Stirparo Md

Department of Surgery

Necrotizing fasciitis is a life-threatening infection that can be rapidly fatal. Early identification and emergent surgical management are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. This case report describes a 25-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with a three-day history of worsening left lower dental infection and new-onset neck pain and swelling. He received broad-spectrum antibiotics and intravenous fluid resuscitation and underwent computed tomography of the neck and chest. Following intensive care unit admission, he underwent tooth extraction where intraoperative evaluation revealed subcutaneous crepitus. Immediate debridement was performed, revealing copious foul-smelling purulent discharge and necrotic tissue extending over the …

Contributing Factors To Low Energy Availability In Female Athletes: A Narrative Review Of Energy Availability, Training Demands, Nutrition Barriers, Body Image, And Disordered Eating, Andrew R. Jagim, Jennifer Fields, Meghan K. Magee, Chad M. Kerksick, Margaret T. Jones

Faculty Scholarship

Relative Energy Deficiency in sport is experiencing remarkable popularity of late, particularly among female athletes. This condition is underpinned by low energy availability, which is a byproduct of high energy expenditure, inadequate energy intake, or a combination of the two. Several contributing factors exist that may predispose an athlete to low energy availability, and therefore a holistic and comprehensive assessment may be required to identify the root causes. The focus of the current narrative review is to discuss the primary contributing factors as well as known risk factors for low energy availability among female athletes to help practitioners increase awareness …

Probiotics, Prebiotics, And Phytogenic Substances For Optimizing Gut Health In Poultry, Awad A. Shehata, Sakine Yalçın, Juan D. Latorre, Shereen Basiouni, Youssef A. Attia, Amr Abd El-Wahab, Christian Visscher, Hesham R. El-Seedi, Claudia Huber, Hafez M. Hafez, Wolfgang Eisenreich, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The gut microbiota has been designated as a hidden metabolic 'organ' because of its enormous impact on host metabolism, physiology, nutrition, and immune function. The connection between the intestinal microbiota and their respective host animals is dynamic and, in general, mutually beneficial. This complicated interaction is seen as a determinant of health and disease; thus, intestinal dysbiosis is linked with several metabolic diseases. Therefore, tractable strategies targeting the regulation of intestinal microbiota can control several diseases that are closely related to inflammatory and metabolic disorders. As a result, animal health and performance are improved. One of these strategies is related …

Artificial Intelligence In Clinical And Translational Science: Successes, Challenges And Opportunities, Elmer V Bernstam, Paula K Shireman, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Meredith N Zozus, Xiaoqian Jiang, Bradley B Brimhall, Ashley K Windham, Susanne Schmidt, Shyam Visweswaran, Ye Ye, Heath Goodrum, Yaobin Ling, Seemran Barapatre, Michael J Becich

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming many domains, including finance, agriculture, defense, and biomedicine. In this paper, we focus on the role of AI in clinical and translational research (CTR), including preclinical research (T1), clinical research (T2), clinical implementation (T3), and public (or population) health (T4). Given the rapid evolution of AI in CTR, we present three complementary perspectives: (1) scoping literature review, (2) survey, and (3) analysis of federally funded projects. For each CTR phase, we addressed challenges, successes, failures, and opportunities for AI. We surveyed Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) hubs regarding AI projects at their institutions. Nineteen …

Prevalence Of Food Insecurity In The General College Population And Student-Athletes: A Review Of The Literature, Elizabeth L. Abbey, Melissa Brown, Christine Karpinski

Nutrition Faculty Publications

Purpose of Review: The purpose of this review is to examine the prevalence of food insecurity (FI) among the general college student population with a focus on student-athletes and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on FI in these groups. Recent Findings: FI is estimated to be more prevalent in college students than in the general population, although ranges vary widely. Less is known about FI among college student-athletes. Data on changes in FI prevalence pre-pandemic and during is mixed. Summary: Colleges and universities should invest in interventions to address FI on their campuses, and further research on FI among …

Preemption & Gender & Racial (In)Equity: Why State Tort Law Is Needed In The Cosmetic Context, Marie C. Boyd

Faculty Publications

Much of the legal scholarship on the preemption of state tort law in the food and drug context and beyond has focused on issues of federalism. While the literature has considered the relationship between state tort law and the regulatory system, it has not generally explored the impact the federal preemption of state tort law may have on women and people of color. Similarly, while the literature has grappled with gender and racial justice issues in the tort system, including in the context of tort reform, it has largely not examined the gender and racial equity issues raised by federal …

From Abortion Rights To Reproductive Justice: A Call To Action, Erica Goldblatt Hyatt, Judith L.M. Mccoyd, Mery Diaz

Publications and Research

As aggressive cultural and legislative attacks on abortion rights and access continue, we call upon social workers to pursue the liberatory aims of the reproductive justice (RJ) movement. We argue that the RJ framework, rooted in feminist theory, aligns with social work’s social justice ethos and goals, appropriately guiding advocacy and intervention. After outlining the central aims and tenets of the RJ movement, we consider policies that impair RJ and those that could promote RJ, focusing on enhancing body sovereignty, childbearing, and parenting. We conclude with concrete recommendations for how social workers can pursue RJ professionally and personally.

Whole-Genome Sequence And Interaction Analysis In The Production Of Six Enzymes From The Three Bacillus Strains Present In A Commercial Direct-Fed Microbial (Norum™) Using A Bliss Independence Test, Daniel Hernandez-Patlan, Bruno Solis-Cruz, Juan D. Latorre, Ruben Merino-Guzman, Miguel Morales Rodriguez, Catie Ausland, Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco, Oscar Ortiz Holguin, Ramiro Delgado, Billy Hargis, Pallavi Singh, Guillermo Tellez-Isaias

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

The three Bacillus strains present in Norum™ were initially selected by their excellent to good relative enzyme activity (REA) production score for amylase, protease, lipase, phytase, cellulase, β-glucanase, and xylanase. Further studies confirmed that the three isolates also showed an antibacterial activity, Gram-positive and Gram-negative poultry pathogens. Norum™ (Eco-Bio/Euxxis Bioscience LLC) is a Bacillus spore direct-fed microbial (DFM). The Bacillus isolates were screened and selected based on in vitro enzyme production profiles. Moreover, in chickens fed high non-starch polysaccharides, this DFM demonstrated to reduce digesta viscosity, bacterial translocation, increase performance, bone mineralization, and balance the intestinal microbiota. In the present …

Evaluation Of Peat Blended With Pine Wood Components For Effects On Substrate Physical Properties, Nitrogen Immobilization, And Growth Of Petunia (Petunia X Hybrida Vilm.-Andr.), Ryan W. Dickson, Kalyn M. Helms, Brian E. Jackson, Leala M. Machesney, Jung Ae Lee

Horticulture Faculty Publications and Presentations

The first objective was to evaluate wood components for differences in nitrogen (N) immobilization and effects on substrate physical properties. The second objective was to evaluate peat substrates amended with pine wood components for effects on plant growth, shoot tissue N, and fertigation practices during production. Substrates consisted of a coarse sphagnum peat blended with four types of processed pine wood at rates of 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60% (by volume). For comparison, peat was also blended with an aged pine bark, perlite, and coconut coir. Nitrogen immobilization was measured for individual components, except perlite. Individual components and blended substrates …

Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Testing And Its Marketing: Emergent Ethical And Public Policy Implications, Alexander Nill, Gene R. Laczniak

Marketing Faculty Research and Publications

This paper provides a marketing ethics analysis that addresses the practice of selling genetic tests (GT) directly to the consumer (DTC). It details the complexity of this emergent sector by articulating the panoply of evolving ethical/social questions raised by this development. It advances the conversation about DTC genetic testing by reviewing the business and healthcare literature concerning this topic and by laying out the inherent ethical complications for consumers, marketers, and regulators. It also points to several possible public and company policy adjustments. Because this area is relatively new and incredibly dynamic, its current discussion is necessarily an exercise in …

How To Use A Theory Of Change To Monitor And Evaluate Social And Behavior Change Programs, Breakthrough Research

Reproductive Health

Breakthrough RESEARCH has developed a guide on how to use a theory of change to monitor and evaluate social and behavior change (SBC) programs. This guide will help managers support research, monitoring, and evaluation staff and ensure they have the programmatic data required to track results, and it will ensure the program is guided by robust theory-driven evidence with results tracked over time and at the program’s end. This guide is one of a series of Compass SBC how-to guides that provide step-by-step instructions on how to perform core SBC tasks. From formative research through monitoring and evaluation, these guides …

Results Of The 2021 Immunization Status Survey Of 24-Month-Old Children In Tennessee, Tennessee. Department Of Health.

Immunization Rates

No abstract provided.

Elevated Blood Pressure In Youth In Pediatric Weight Management Programs In The Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (Power)., Helen J. Binns, Madeline Joseph, Adolfo J. Ariza, Suzanne E. Cuda, Asheley C. Skinner, Haolin Xu, Jared M. Tucker, Sarah Hampl, Melissa Santos, Shawyntee Mayo, Eileen C. King, Shelley Kirk, Power Work Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Blood pressure (BP) assessment and management are important aspects of care for youth with obesity. This study evaluates data of youth with obesity seeking care at 35 pediatric weight management (PWM) programs enrolled in the Pediatric Obesity Weight Evaluation Registry (POWER). Data obtained at a first clinical visit for youth aged 3-17 years were evaluated to: (1) assess prevalence of BP above the normal range (high BP); and (2) identify characteristics associated with having high BP status. Weight status was evaluated using percentage of the 95th percentile for body mass index (%BMIp95); %BMIp95 was used to group youth by obesity …

Molecular Diagnoses Of X-Linked And Other Genetic Hypophosphatemias: Results From A Sponsored Genetic Testing Program., Eric T. Rush, Britt Johnson, Swaroop Aradhya, Daniel Beltran, Sara L. Bristow, Scott Eisenbeis, Norma E. Guerra, Stan Krolczyk, Nicole Miller, Ana Morales, Prameela Ramesan, Soodabeh Sarafrazi, Rebecca Truty, Kathryn Dahir

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), a dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the PHEX gene, affects both sexes of all ages and results in elevated serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and below-normal serum phosphate. In XLH, rickets, osteomalacia, short stature, and lower limb deformity may be present with muscle pain and/or weakness/fatigue, bone pain, joint pain/stiffness, hearing difficulty, enthesopathy, osteoarthritis, and dental abscesses. Invitae and Ultragenyx collaborated to provide a no-charge sponsored testing program using a 13-gene next-generation sequencing panel to confirm clinical XLH or aid diagnosis of suspected XLH/other genetic hypophosphatemia. Individuals aged ≥6 months with clinical XLH or …

2022-February-01-'Learn, Grow, Eat, And Go', University Marketing And Communication, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

JOHNSON CITY, Tenn. (Feb. 2022) – Fourth- and fifth-grade students at Washington County’s Sulphur Springs Elementary School have learned about both gardening and nutrition in the fall of 2021 through a joint effort of East Tennessee State University’s College of Public Health and UT Extension Washington County.

'Garden in a Box'

This raised garden bed with mature greens at Sulphur Springs School is part of the "Learn, Grow, Eat and Go" program that not only teaches young students about planting, tending and harvesting plants, but also about food preparation and eating a balanced diet.

Pictured at top: ETSU public health …

Novel Strategies For Glutamate Clearance In The Glia-Deprived Synaptic Hub Of C. Elegans, Joyce Chan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

As the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, Glutamate (Glu) is critical for normal neuronal physiology. Disruption in Glu clearance results in hyper-stimulation of glutamatergic circuits, potentially leading to excitotoxic neurodegeneration. The canonical model of brain connectivity describes glutamatergic synapses as well insulated and enveloped by glia. These glia express Glu Transporters (GluTs) which work to clear Glu following synaptic activity. However, critical areas of the brain such as the mammalian hippocampus display poor synaptic isolation, which may result in Glu spillover between adjacent synapses and subsequent loss of circuit specificity. How accurate signal transmission is achieved in these …

Alternative Food Production In Cauca, Colombia: The Value Of Agroecological Food Systems For Local Small Producers And Consumers, Andrea Negret

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This thesis intends to offer an integral view of the reality of food production and distribution in the Cauca Department in Colombia, observing the different practices that have caused deep social and environmental struggles including systemic violence, displacement and environmental degradation. The first two chapters will offer a global and national context of food production to better understand the many challenges that rural populations endure in rural Cauca. Chapters four and five will explore some resistance strategies and movements that rural communities in Cauca and other Colombian regions have developed to fight against corporate agro-industrial dominance so they can protect …

February 2022 Library News, University Libraries

Library News

No abstract provided.

Special Issue: Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis, Mark Obrenovich, V. (Prakash) Reddy

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Examining Rural-Urban Differences In Fatalism And Information Overload: Data From 12 Nci-Designated Cancer Centers, Jakob D Jensen, Jackilen Shannon, Ronaldo Iachan, Yangyang Deng, Sunny Jung Kim, Wendy Demark-Wahnefried, Babalola Faseru, Electra D Paskett, Jinxiang Hu, Robin C Vanderpool, Deann Lazovich, Jason A Mendoza, Sanjay Shete, Linda B Robertson, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Katherine J Briant, Benjamin Haaland, David A Haggstrom, Bernard F Fuemmeler, Rural Workgroup Of The Population Health Assessment In Cancer Center Catchment Areas Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Rural populations experience a disproportionate cancer burden relative to urban populations. One possibility is that rural populations are more likely to hold counterproductive cancer beliefs such as fatalism and information overload that undermine prevention and screening behaviors.

METHODS: Between 2016 and 2020, 12 U.S. cancer centers surveyed adults in their service areas using online and in-person survey instruments. Participants (

RESULTS: Compared with urban residents, rural residents were more likely to believe that (i) everything causes cancer (OR = 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.43); (ii) prevention is not possible (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.19-1.51); and (iii) there are too …

Pos-255 Effect Of Dapagliflozin On Blood Pressure In Patients With Ckd: A Pre-Specified Analysis From Dapa-Ckd, M. Provenzano, R. D. Toto, P. Vart, Kausik Umanath, J. Luis Górriz, P. B. Mark, J. F. E. Mann, G. M. Chertow, J. J. V. Mcmurray, R. Correa-Rotter, P Rossing, A. M. Langkilde, B. V. Stefánsson, D. C. Wheeler, H. Lambers Heerspink

Nephrology Meeting Abstracts

Introduction: Hypertension is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors decrease blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the consistency and magnitude of blood pressure lowering with dapagliflozin in patients with CKD is unknown. We performed a pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial to investigate the effect of dapagliflozin on systolic blood pressure in patients with CKD, with and without type 2 diabetes.

Methods: We randomized 4,304 adults with baseline eGFR 25–75 mL/min/1.73m2and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 200–5,000 mg/g to either dapagliflozin 10 mg or placebo once daily; median follow-up was 2.4 years. …

A Narrative Review Of The Evidence For Variations In Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration Thresholds For Optimal Health, William B. Grant, Fatme Al Anouti, Barbara J. Boucher, Erdinç Dursun, Duygu Gezen-Ak, Edward B. Jude, Tatiana Karonova, Pawel Pludowski

All Works

Vitamin D3 has many important health benefits. Unfortunately, these benefits are not widely known among health care personnel and the general public. As a result, most of the world’s population has serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations far below optimal values. This narrative review examines the evidence for the major causes of death including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and COVID-19 with regard to sub-optimal 25(OH)D concentrations. Evidence for the beneficial effects comes from a variety of approaches including ecological and observational studies, studies of mechanisms, and Mendelian randomization studies. Although randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are generally considered …

Breastfeeding Practices In The United Arab Emirates: Prenatal Intentions And Postnatal Outcomes, Zainab Taha, Malin Garemo, Farid El Ktaibi, Joy Nanda

All Works

Breastfeeding provides the ideal nutrition in infancy, and its benefits extend to the health of mothers. Psychosocial factors such as the intention to breastfeed, self-efficacy, or maternal confidence to breastfeed have been shown to impact breastfeeding outcomes in other communities. The aim of this study was to assess the potential associations between mothers’ prenatal intention to breastfeed and post-delivery breastfeeding practices. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to September 2017. Emirati and non-Emirati mothers with children below the age of 2 were recruited from maternal and child health centers in various geographical areas in Abu Dhabi Capital district, United …

Exercise/Physical Activity In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Consensus Statement From The American College Of Sports Medicine, Jill A. Kanaley, Sheri R. Colberg, Matthew H. Corcoran, Steven K. Malin, Nancy R. Rodriguez, Carlos J. Crespo, John P. Kirwan, Juleen R. Zierath

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

This consensus statement is an update of the 2010 American College of Sports Medicine position stand on exercise and type 2 diabetes. Since then, a substantial amount of research on select topics in exercise in individuals of various ages with type 2 diabetes has been published while diabetes prevalence has continued to expand worldwide. This consensus statement provides a brief summary of the current evidence and extends and updates the prior recommendations. The document has been expanded to include physical activity, a broader, more comprehensive definition of human movement than planned exercise, and reducing sedentary time. Various types of physical …

Indices Of Insulin Resistance And Adiposity Can Detect Obesity-Related Morbidity In Pediatrics, Marwa H. Abdelhamed, Shaimaa Salah, Khloud K. Alqudsi, Majd M. Jan, Duaa K. Alahdal, Saher A. Alfaifi, Nuha M. Jafar, Naseem Y. Alyahyawi, Abdulmoein A. Al-Agha

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluated obesity-related morbidity prevalence among overweight/obese children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia, adiposity indicators and insulin resistance as obesity-related morbidity predictors. Methods: We enrolled 318 overweight/obese children attending a Pediatric Endocrinology Clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia, aged 2–20 years in this retrospective cross-sectional study from September 2019 to March 2021. All children had nutritional obesity, and their body mass index (BMI) standard deviation score was higher than one standard deviation score above the mean for their age and gender. Clinical adiposity indices including BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and bioimpedance analysis (BIA) of …

(Partial) Clarity: Eliminating The Confusion About The Regulation Of The "Fact"Ual Bases For Expert Testimony Under The Federal Rules Of Evidence, Edward J. Imwinkelried

William & Mary Law Review

Expert testimony is offered at the vast majority of trials in courts of general jurisdiction in the United States. Federal Rules of Evidence 702-06 govern the admissibility of such testimony. In its May 15, 2021, report accompanying the most recent proposed amendment to Rule 702, the Advisory Committee on the Evidence Rules asserts that “many courts” have misapplied Rule 702 by holding that questions as to whether “the expert has relied on sufficient facts or data ... are questions of weight and not admissibility.” Rule 702(b) states that to be admissible, an expert opinion must be “based on sufficient fact …

Sweetness And Femininity: Fashioning Gendered Appetite In The Victorian Age, Michael Krondl

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Since at least the nineteenth century sweetness and a preference for sweet foods has been linked to femininity. Western, middle-class women learned and reproduced normative gendered dietary behavior due to both private and public pressure to control their appetites and those of their children. In performing their gendered roles, they came to embody them through everyday rituals such as teatime. Sugary foods and drinks served as necessary props in these performances. Theorists, most prominently Jean-Jacques Rousseau, began to propose a linkage of sweet foods with femininity in the seventeen hundreds. In the following century, the medical profession explained women’s tastes …