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Priority Tree Fodder Species In The Maasai Silvopastoral System Of Kajiado District, Kenya, Evelyne Kiptot Aug 2023

Priority Tree Fodder Species In The Maasai Silvopastoral System Of Kajiado District, Kenya, Evelyne Kiptot

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In an effort to improve pastoral land management systems, donor agencies have spent millions of dollars over the last two decades on research and development programmes. However, most of these programmes have been unsuccessful. The reasons for the failure are increasingly clear. Current thinking argues that more attention needs to be given to local knowledge systems and rural people's participation in development planning and implementation. The involvement of local communities in the research process is critical and has been shown by Ego (2001) to lead to the design of appropriate interventions. The main objective of this study was to elicit …

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On-Farm Participatory Research Is An Essential Step Towards Achieving Successful Adoption Of Innovation: ‘Lifetime Wool’ A Case Study, Chris Oldham, P. Barber, M. Curnow, S. Giles, D. Gordon, A. Thompson Aug 2023

On-Farm Participatory Research Is An Essential Step Towards Achieving Successful Adoption Of Innovation: ‘Lifetime Wool’ A Case Study, Chris Oldham, P. Barber, M. Curnow, S. Giles, D. Gordon, A. Thompson

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

'Lifetime Wool' project (LTW) is a national project that is developing new nutritional guidelines for the management of ewe flocks across Australia funded by farmers through Australian Wool Innovation (AWI EC298; 2001-2008). A large replicated plot-scale experiment was used to define the dose-response of current production (wool and reproduction from the ewe) and future production (survival, growth and wool from progeny over their lifetime) to a range of levels of ewe nutrition (Thompson & Oldham, 2004). However, farmers and research workers have long realised that the difference between the results obtained on experimental plots and those obtained by farmers is …

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Management Of Gastro-Intestinal Parasite Pressure, Under Grazing In Organic Farms: Development Of A Decision Support System Through The Mobilisation Of A Participative Research Process, D. Jamar, Virginie Decruyenaere, Y. Seutin, D. Stilmant, L. Perriaux, P. Stassart Aug 2023

Management Of Gastro-Intestinal Parasite Pressure, Under Grazing In Organic Farms: Development Of A Decision Support System Through The Mobilisation Of A Participative Research Process, D. Jamar, Virginie Decruyenaere, Y. Seutin, D. Stilmant, L. Perriaux, P. Stassart

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Under grazing, gastro-intestinal parasite management remains a major problem in ruminant production systems, more especially in systems respecting organic farming rules following their obligations (1) to perform grazing as soon as pedo-climatic conditions are adapted and (2) to use anti-parasitic products only in a curative way. Surprisingly, this problem has not been highlighted by the different stakeholders in the food chain from cattle meat production to consumption. This could arise from the lack of a clear and pertinent norm or infestation threshold that would allow differentiation between preventive and curative treatments. Such a norm would indicate to the breeder whether …

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Farmer-Directed On-Farm Experimentation Examining The Impact Of Companion Planting Barley And Oats On Timothy-Lucerne Forage Establishment In Central Newfoundland, D. Spaner, A. G. Todd Aug 2023

Farmer-Directed On-Farm Experimentation Examining The Impact Of Companion Planting Barley And Oats On Timothy-Lucerne Forage Establishment In Central Newfoundland, D. Spaner, A. G. Todd

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Growing barley or oats in the year of forage establishment is a common agronomic practice in marginal growing regions, but is often not recommended to growers in Newfoundland. Spaner & Todd (2003) reported that barley seeded at rates of 100-150 kg seed/ha and undersown with a timothy-clover mixture (harvested at mid-milk) resulted in the planting year in greater forage yield of poorer quality than pure-stand timothy-clover. A barley seeding rate of 100 kg seed/ha did not impede forage production in the subsequent year.

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Diagnosing Nitrogen, Phosphorous And Potassium Status Of Natural Grassland In The Presence Of Legumes, C. Jouany, P. Cruz, J. P. Theau, M. Duru Aug 2023

Diagnosing Nitrogen, Phosphorous And Potassium Status Of Natural Grassland In The Presence Of Legumes, C. Jouany, P. Cruz, J. P. Theau, M. Duru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In most temperate areas, sustainable management of grassland ecosystems has to deal with evaluation and management of N, P and K resources. For this purpose, appropriate diagnostic systems are needed in order to manage fertilisation accordingly. The nutrient index method based on nutrient concentrations in plant tissues relative to the degree of growth has been developed; it relies on critical curves which serve for diagnostic: for N, the critical curve gives the optimum N concentration for different levels of biomass accumulation in swards, for P and K optimum concentrations are a linear function of sward N concentration (Duru & Thélier-Huché, …

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Variation Of Ldmc And Sla Relationship Between Growth Forms In Natural Grasslands, J. Viégas, P. Cruz, J. P. Theau, C. Jouany, P. Ansquer, R. Al Haj Khaled, O. Therond, M. Duru Aug 2023

Variation Of Ldmc And Sla Relationship Between Growth Forms In Natural Grasslands, J. Viégas, P. Cruz, J. P. Theau, C. Jouany, P. Ansquer, R. Al Haj Khaled, O. Therond, M. Duru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In agro-ecological studies, there is a growing interest in measuring both leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and specific leaf area (SLA). This interest lies on the fact that leaf traits are linked to gradients of environmental factors and ecosystem functions. Working with three contrasting wild species, Garnier et al. (2001) proposed a model linking these two traits. The model shows a relatively simple non linear and negative correlation between LDMC and SLA. Nevertheless, none of the species used to build the model were grasses (GRA) or forb rosettes (ROS = i.e. dicotyledonous with large entire leaves and absence of …

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Leaf Dry Matter Content Of Native Grassland Species Under Contrasting N And P Supply, P. Cruz, C. Jouany, Jérome M. Enjalbert, Michael Duru Aug 2023

Leaf Dry Matter Content Of Native Grassland Species Under Contrasting N And P Supply, P. Cruz, C. Jouany, Jérome M. Enjalbert, Michael Duru

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The management of native grasslands - herbaceous vegetation with a broad diversity of flora and a large range of uses - must meet the requirements of environmental conservation and improvement of the quality of agricultural production. For this purpose we need tools for diagnosing the state of the vegetation in order to design, evaluate, and apply management practices to attain these objectives. These tools must be simple and quick to use and should not require botanical skills. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) has been proposed as a good indicator of both fertility gradients and species preference for habitats (Cruz et …

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Potentialities Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy To Assess Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium Nutrient Status Of Grasslands In The Reunion Island, Philippe Lecomte, Vincent Blanfort, Michael Duru, P. Thomas, P. Grimaud Aug 2023

Potentialities Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy To Assess Nitrogen, Phosphorus And Potassium Nutrient Status Of Grasslands In The Reunion Island, Philippe Lecomte, Vincent Blanfort, Michael Duru, P. Thomas, P. Grimaud

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Controlled mineral fertilisation practices are an important component for sustainable management of grasslands. The assessment of available nutrients for plants and the general recommendations on the level of phosphorus and potassium to apply to grasslands are classically based on classical soil analysis and average regional levels. For nitrogen, mid or long term recommendations cannot easily be derived solely from soil composition, because it may be rapidly leached from the soil. Recent approaches tended to show that herbage plant N (Lemaire & Gastal, 1997), P, K (Duru & Huché, 1997) mineral analyses associated with actual biomass measurement could be useful for …

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Assessment Of The Nitrogen Nutrition Index (Nni) By The Nitrogen Concentration Of The Upper Part Of The Sward, B. Deprez, R. Lambert, A. Peeters Aug 2023

Assessment Of The Nitrogen Nutrition Index (Nni) By The Nitrogen Concentration Of The Upper Part Of The Sward, B. Deprez, R. Lambert, A. Peeters

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) is based on the concept of a critical nitrogen concentration, defined as the minimum N concentration in the aerial biomass necessary to obtain maximum yield. Values of Ncrit are high at the start of the growing period and decline during growth, in relation to dry matter accumulation (t DM/ha) according to the equation of Lemaire & Salette (1984): Ncrit(%) = 4.8(DM)-0.32. The NNI is calculated as the ratio of the actual N concentration of the sward to the N concentration required at a similar biomass to sustain non-limiting growth and biomass …

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Modelling The Effect Of Breakeven Date In Spring Rotation Planner On Production And Profit Of A Pasture-Based Dairy System, P. C. Beukes, B. S. Thorrold, M. E. Wastney, C. C. Palliser, G. Levy, X. Chardon Aug 2023

Modelling The Effect Of Breakeven Date In Spring Rotation Planner On Production And Profit Of A Pasture-Based Dairy System, P. C. Beukes, B. S. Thorrold, M. E. Wastney, C. C. Palliser, G. Levy, X. Chardon

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The breakeven date is the expected date when pasture supply exceeds cow demand. This date is used to plan the rotation rates, slow during the winter, when pasture growth is low and cows are dry, to a fast rotation in spring, when growth is accelerating and most cows lactating. This date is influenced by regional climate, mainly rainfall and soil temperature, which affects timing and rate of growth acceleration. The objective of this modeling exercise was to explore the effect of the breakeven date on milksolids (MS), grass silage, farm cover and economic farm surplus (EFS) over different climate years …

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Development Of A Model Simulating The Impact Of Management Strategies On Production From Beef Cattle Farming Systems Based On Permanent Pasture, M. Jouven, R. Baumont Aug 2023

Development Of A Model Simulating The Impact Of Management Strategies On Production From Beef Cattle Farming Systems Based On Permanent Pasture, M. Jouven, R. Baumont

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grazing systems in Europe increasingly have to meet environmental objectives, which influence management strategies. A deterministic model describing farming system dynamics is being developed in order to elucidate interactions between nature-friendly management practices, as for example late (after flowering) hay harvest or moderate stocking rate, and agricultural output.

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On-Farm Information: A Valuable Tool For The Sustainable Management Of Mountain Pastures In Protected Natural Areas, N. Mandaluniz, A. Bernués, A. Igarzabal, I. J. L. Riedel, R. Ruiz, A. Sanz, I. Casasús, L. M. Oregui Aug 2023

On-Farm Information: A Valuable Tool For The Sustainable Management Of Mountain Pastures In Protected Natural Areas, N. Mandaluniz, A. Bernués, A. Igarzabal, I. J. L. Riedel, R. Ruiz, A. Sanz, I. Casasús, L. M. Oregui

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Mountain pastures have traditionally been maintained by livestock. The analysis of data concerning farms' characteristics, productive-reproductive management and land use of commercial farms can constitute a real approach to study these systems and the changes that are occurring. This information is necessary to develop new utilisation guidelines, making compatible livestock production and conservation of natural resources. This paper describes a methodological framework to study the issues described above through some examples taken out from a wider research project (Mandaluniz et al., 2003).

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The Impact Of Concentrate Price On The Utilization Of Grazed And Conserved Grass, P. Crosson, P. O'Kiely, F. P. O'Mara, M. J. Drennan, M. Wallace Aug 2023

The Impact Of Concentrate Price On The Utilization Of Grazed And Conserved Grass, P. Crosson, P. O'Kiely, F. P. O'Mara, M. J. Drennan, M. Wallace

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A linear programming model was designed and constructed to facilitate the identification of optimal beef production systems under varying technical and policy scenarios. The model operates at a systems level and most activities that could occur in Irish spring-calving, suckler beef production systems are included. In this paper, the components of the model are described together with a simple application of the model involving changing concentrate prices.

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Pâtur’In: A User-Friendly Software Tool To Assist Dairy Cow Grazing Management, Luc Delaby, J. L. Peyraud, P. Faverdin Aug 2023

Pâtur’In: A User-Friendly Software Tool To Assist Dairy Cow Grazing Management, Luc Delaby, J. L. Peyraud, P. Faverdin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The feeding of dairy cows at pasture presents many technical, economic and environmental advantages, while benefiting from a very favourable image. However, the management of grazed land is a complex game of strategy in which the farmer applies decisions in order to manage two unstable and uncertain fluxes of change: growth of grass and intake of the herd. Many tools (platemeter, etc.) and overall methods (local stocking rate references, farm cover, etc.) have been developed as aids to grazing management. Nevertheless, few decision-support systems are currently available that make it possible to anticipate and assess the consequences of a given …

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Enhancing Grasslands Education With Decision Support Tools, Helen G. Daily, J. M. Scott, J. M. Reid Aug 2023

Enhancing Grasslands Education With Decision Support Tools, Helen G. Daily, J. M. Scott, J. M. Reid

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We have successfully used Decision Support Tools (DST) relevant to the management of grazing enterprises to enhance problem solving skills of undergraduates in Australia. Tools such as GrassGrotm (Moore et al., 1997) and GrazFeedtm (Freer et al., 1997) are accessed from a central server by authorised users at many widely dispersed Universities across Australia using remote access to thin-client technology via an Internet portal. This has been supplemented with training for lecturers. Experience in developing appropriate teaching and learning materials and the reliable delivery of simulation software to many clients has enhanced learning outcomes at tertiary …

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Canasta - Crop Niche Selection For Tropical Agriculture, A Spatial Decision Support System, R. O'Brien, M. Peters, R. Corner, S. Cook Aug 2023

Canasta - Crop Niche Selection For Tropical Agriculture, A Spatial Decision Support System, R. O'Brien, M. Peters, R. Corner, S. Cook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Farmers in the developing world frequently find themselves in uncertain and risky environments, often having to make decisions based on very little information. Risks for smallholder farmers are often critical because of their poverty. In addition, in the tropics and subtropics, the natural environment is spatially and temporally variable and often harsh, thereby increasing the uncertainty faced by these farmers. This research aims to improve forage adoption decisions in the developing world, thereby increasing sustainable intensification and ultimately contributing to increased sustainable world food production and the alleviation of under-nutrition.

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Artturi Assists Finnish Advisers And Farmers To Succeed In Grass-Based Dairy Production, Marketta Rinne, Pekka Huhtanen, Kaisa Kuoppala, H. Nikander, J. Nousiainen, M. Hellämäki, L. Nyholm, J. Helminen, K. Lampinen, M. Maisi, M. Korhonen Aug 2023

Artturi Assists Finnish Advisers And Farmers To Succeed In Grass-Based Dairy Production, Marketta Rinne, Pekka Huhtanen, Kaisa Kuoppala, H. Nikander, J. Nousiainen, M. Hellämäki, L. Nyholm, J. Helminen, K. Lampinen, M. Maisi, M. Korhonen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Artturi is a collective name for a wide range of services. It is a common tool for different bodies who share an interest in strengthening grass-based dairy production in Finland: research, advisory service and industries. The Service is named after A. I. (Artturi Ilmari) Virtanen, the Finnish scientist who was awarded the Nobel prize in 1945, partly based on his work in developing the ensiling process of grass. The Artturi web site is available in Internet at: http://www.agronet.fi/artturi. Access to Artturi Services is free and no registration is required. The language used is Finnish. During summer 2003, 15,000 visits were …

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A Decision Support System For Monitoring Livestock Diet Quality And Performance: Verification Study On Cattle, Adami Tulu, Ethiopia, A. A. Jama, G. Tolleson, J. W. Stuth, Abule Ebro, K. Zander, Robert J. Kaitho Aug 2023

A Decision Support System For Monitoring Livestock Diet Quality And Performance: Verification Study On Cattle, Adami Tulu, Ethiopia, A. A. Jama, G. Tolleson, J. W. Stuth, Abule Ebro, K. Zander, Robert J. Kaitho

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fecal profiling technology based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used in the U.S. to predict the diet quality and performance of free-ranging animals (e.g. Leite & Stuth 1995, Lyons & Stuth 1992, Lyons et al., 1993, Stuth et al., 1999, Tolleson et al., 2001). This technology is linked with the Nutritional Balance Analyzer (NUTBAL-PRO) model to form the core of a nutritional advisory system for livestock producers in the United States. This model predicts changes in body weight and condition for a broad range of livestock classes for cattle, sheep and goats. To test …

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Irish Grassland Association: Delivering The Benefits From Grassland, S. Flanagan Aug 2023

Irish Grassland Association: Delivering The Benefits From Grassland, S. Flanagan

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The Irish Grassland Association (IGA) is Ireland's leading forum for discussing the science of grass and animal production, the economics and finances of dairy, beef cattle and sheep farm enterprises. Membership is 800 and is a lively mix of progressive farmers (70%), research scientists, advisers and agribusiness personnel. The IGA is a member of the European Grassland Federation and has close ties with the Ulster Grassland Society, Fermanagh Grassland Club and the British Grassland Society.

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High Fiber Dietary Intervention Induces Change In Role Of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii In Gut Microbiome Ecosystem, Daniel Cyrus Mousavi, Aditya Mishra, Nadim Ajami, Yan Jiang, Tessa M. Kus, Erma Levy, Marco Montalvo, Jennifer Wargo, Carrie Daniel Macdougall, Jennifer Mcquade Aug 2023

High Fiber Dietary Intervention Induces Change In Role Of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii In Gut Microbiome Ecosystem, Daniel Cyrus Mousavi, Aditya Mishra, Nadim Ajami, Yan Jiang, Tessa M. Kus, Erma Levy, Marco Montalvo, Jennifer Wargo, Carrie Daniel Macdougall, Jennifer Mcquade

Summer Experience 2023

No abstract provided.

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The Addition Of Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizer In The Generative Stage Of Job’S Tears Affects Yield Components, Yield, And Yield Quality, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Salma Khairunnisa, Tati Nurmala, Aep Wawan Irwan Aug 2023

The Addition Of Phosphorus And Potassium Fertilizer In The Generative Stage Of Job’S Tears Affects Yield Components, Yield, And Yield Quality, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Salma Khairunnisa, Tati Nurmala, Aep Wawan Irwan

Jurnal Kultivasi

Job’s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) is an indeterminate food crop that requires more than one-time application of fertilizer. This study aims to determine the effect of additional doses of phosphorus and potassium at the beginning of the generative phase as side dressing fertilization on yield components, yield, and yield quality of the Job’s tears plant. The research was conducted in dry season March - August 2021 at the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran at Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency around 750 m above sea level. The experimental design used randomized block design (RBD) consisting of nine treatments and …

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Ocean-Based Climate Action And Human Rights Implications Under The International Climate Change Regime, Elisa Morgera, Mitchell Lennan, Kati Kulovesi, Bianca G La, Holly J. Niner, Ellycia Harrould-Kolieb, Piva E Recio, Jeremy Hills, Mara Ntona, Alana Malinde Sn Lancaster, Mia Strand, Bernadette Snow, Kira Erwin, Lynne Shannon, Sian Rees, Kieran Hyder, Georg Engelhard, Kerry Howell Aug 2023

Ocean-Based Climate Action And Human Rights Implications Under The International Climate Change Regime, Elisa Morgera, Mitchell Lennan, Kati Kulovesi, Bianca G La, Holly J. Niner, Ellycia Harrould-Kolieb, Piva E Recio, Jeremy Hills, Mara Ntona, Alana Malinde Sn Lancaster, Mia Strand, Bernadette Snow, Kira Erwin, Lynne Shannon, Sian Rees, Kieran Hyder, Georg Engelhard, Kerry Howell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

After drawing attention to the crucial role of marine biodiversity, including that of deep-sea ecosystems, in current scientific understanding of the ocean-climate nexus, this article highlights the limited extent to which the international climate change regime has so far addressed the ocean. The focus then shifts to how the international climate change regime could contribute to the protection of marine biodiversity as part of mitigation, adaptation and finance, taking into account human rights impacts and standards, drawing a comparison with REDD+. The article concludes with an original proposal, inspired by the Climate and Clean Air Coalition, to develop urgent, synergistic …

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The Relationships Between Parenting Stress, Growth, And Development In Infants With Congenital Heart Defects During The First Six Months Of Life, Danica F. Sumpter Aug 2023

The Relationships Between Parenting Stress, Growth, And Development In Infants With Congenital Heart Defects During The First Six Months Of Life, Danica F. Sumpter

Dissertations

The stress experienced by parents at the time of diagnosis and hospitalization for their infant's congenital heart defect (CHD) is well recognized by healthcare professionals. Increased parenting stress has been negatively correlated with development in low birthweight infants. The primary purpose of this study was to explore the parenting stress as experienced by parents of infants with CHD during their first six months of life. In addition, the relationship between parenting stress and the growth and development of infants with CHD was explored. Due to the transactional nature of mother-infant interaction, both directions of this relationship were examined, the factors …

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Metabolic Liver Cancer: Associations Of Rare And Common Germline Variants In One-Carbon Metabolism And Dna Methylation Genes, Samuel O Antwi, Michael Heckman, Launia White, Irene Yan, Vivekananda Sarangi, Kimberly P Lauer, Joseph Reddy, Fowsiyo Ahmed, Swathi Veliginti, Ellis D Mejías Febres, Rikita I Hatia, Ping Chang, Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez, Loreto Boix, Angela Rojas, Jesus M Banales, Maria Reig, Per Stål, Manuel Romero Gómez, Amit G Singal, Donghui Li, Manal M Hassan, Lewis R Roberts, Tushar Patel Aug 2023

Metabolic Liver Cancer: Associations Of Rare And Common Germline Variants In One-Carbon Metabolism And Dna Methylation Genes, Samuel O Antwi, Michael Heckman, Launia White, Irene Yan, Vivekananda Sarangi, Kimberly P Lauer, Joseph Reddy, Fowsiyo Ahmed, Swathi Veliginti, Ellis D Mejías Febres, Rikita I Hatia, Ping Chang, Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez, Loreto Boix, Angela Rojas, Jesus M Banales, Maria Reig, Per Stål, Manuel Romero Gómez, Amit G Singal, Donghui Li, Manal M Hassan, Lewis R Roberts, Tushar Patel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Animal studies implicate one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in the setting of metabolic perturbations. Using human samples, we investigated the associations between common and rare variants in these closely related biochemical pathways and risk for metabolic HCC development in a multicenter international study. We performed targeted exome sequencing of 64 genes among 556 metabolic HCC cases and 643 cancer-free controls with metabolic conditions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for multiple comparisons. Gene-burden tests were used for rare variant associations. Analyses were performed in …

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Metabolic Liver Cancer: Associations Of Rare And Common Germline Variants In One-Carbon Metabolism And Dna Methylation Genes, Samuel O Antwi, Michael Heckman, Launia White, Irene Yan, Vivekananda Sarangi, Kimberly P Lauer, Joseph Reddy, Fowsiyo Ahmed, Swathi Veliginti, Ellis D Mejías Febres, Rikita I Hatia, Ping Chang, Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez, Loreto Boix, Angela Rojas, Jesus M Banales, Maria Reig, Per Stål, Manuel Romero Gómez, Amit G Singal, Donghui Li, Manal M Hassan, Lewis R Roberts, Tushar Patel Aug 2023

Metabolic Liver Cancer: Associations Of Rare And Common Germline Variants In One-Carbon Metabolism And Dna Methylation Genes, Samuel O Antwi, Michael Heckman, Launia White, Irene Yan, Vivekananda Sarangi, Kimberly P Lauer, Joseph Reddy, Fowsiyo Ahmed, Swathi Veliginti, Ellis D Mejías Febres, Rikita I Hatia, Ping Chang, Laura Izquierdo-Sanchez, Loreto Boix, Angela Rojas, Jesus M Banales, Maria Reig, Per Stål, Manuel Romero Gómez, Amit G Singal, Donghui Li, Manal M Hassan, Lewis R Roberts, Tushar Patel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Animal studies implicate one-carbon metabolism and DNA methylation genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in the setting of metabolic perturbations. Using human samples, we investigated the associations between common and rare variants in these closely related biochemical pathways and risk for metabolic HCC development in a multicenter international study. We performed targeted exome sequencing of 64 genes among 556 metabolic HCC cases and 643 cancer-free controls with metabolic conditions. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for multiple comparisons. Gene-burden tests were used for rare variant associations. Analyses were performed in …

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Unraveling The Serotonin Saga: From Discovery To Weight Regulation And Beyond – A Comprehensive Scientific Review, Kristine Conde, Shuzheng Fang, Yong Xu Aug 2023

Unraveling The Serotonin Saga: From Discovery To Weight Regulation And Beyond – A Comprehensive Scientific Review, Kristine Conde, Shuzheng Fang, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The prevalence of obesity is rapidly increasing worldwide, while the development of effective obesity therapies lags behind. Although new therapeutic targets to alleviate obesity are identified every day, and drug efficacy is improving, adverse side effects and increased health risks remain serious issues facing the weight-loss industry. Serotonin, also known as 5-HT, has been extensively studied in relation to appetite reduction and weight loss. As a result, dozens of upstream and downstream neural targets of 5-HT have been identified, revealing a multitude of neural circuits involved in mediating the anorexigenic effect of 5-HT. Despite the rise and fall of several …

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Examining Factors Impacting The Service Needs Of Unhoused Women, Holly Brott Aug 2023

Examining Factors Impacting The Service Needs Of Unhoused Women, Holly Brott

Dissertations and Theses

Women account for a sizeable proportion of the unhoused population in the U.S. Over one-third (38.7%) of unhoused individuals are women, which is a 17% increase from 2016 (United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, 2019). The increased prevalence of women experiencing homelessness calls for a renewed examination of their service needs. This dissertation presents three studies examining factors impacting the service needs of unhoused women. The first manuscript examined factors contributing to unhoused mothers’ successful completion of transitional housing; highlighted participant-identified programmatic strengths; and investigated differences in facilitators to success across two geographic contexts: one rural and one …

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Drivers And Dynamics Of Phytoplankton Communities And Harmful Algal Blooms In Mountain Lakes, Lara Stephanie Jansen Aug 2023

Drivers And Dynamics Of Phytoplankton Communities And Harmful Algal Blooms In Mountain Lakes, Lara Stephanie Jansen

Dissertations and Theses

Harmful cyanobacterial blooms (cyanoHABs) are a complex and widespread disturbance in freshwater water bodies, impacting water quality for wildlife and human populations. While cyanobacteria often bloom in warm lakes impacted by human development like agriculture, blooms are increasingly reported in cooler waters with limited development in the surrounding watershed. As much of cyanoHAB research has focused on lakes in highly developed watersheds, the understanding of factors leading to cyanobacteria dominance and blooms in the absence of major development remains limited. Mountain lakes can serve as ideal systems to study bloom-forming cyanobacteria in watersheds with minimal development. In addition, mountain lakes …

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Elucidation Of Antibacterial, Synergistic, Antioxidant, And Anticancer Activities Of Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Against Human Breast Cancer Cells, Ravindran Muthukumarasamy, Muhammad Luqman Bin Nisa, Nur Absarina Binti Rosli, Nurul Syazwani Binti Kamaruddin, Mohammad Danish, Afzan Binti Mahmad, M.N. Mohamad Ibrahim, Shahnaz Majeed Aug 2023

Elucidation Of Antibacterial, Synergistic, Antioxidant, And Anticancer Activities Of Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Against Human Breast Cancer Cells, Ravindran Muthukumarasamy, Muhammad Luqman Bin Nisa, Nur Absarina Binti Rosli, Nurul Syazwani Binti Kamaruddin, Mohammad Danish, Afzan Binti Mahmad, M.N. Mohamad Ibrahim, Shahnaz Majeed

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The study conducted biosynthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Aspergillus niger and in-vestigated their potential biomedical applications. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques in-cluding UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, and EDX, revealing their spherical to crystalline shape with sizes ranging from 21 nm to 48 nm. The nanoparticles demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of 8 mm and Escherichia coli recorded high synergistic activity with 20.93%, as well as antioxidant properties. Furthermore, selective cytotoxicity towards breast cancer cells was observed with an IC50 of 107.81 ug/ml and an IC50 of 250.93 ug/ml on …

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Pain In The Dying Patient, Shanna Selph Aug 2023

Pain In The Dying Patient, Shanna Selph

MSN Capstone Projects

This benchmark aims to educate nurses, doctors, and families on the importance of proper pain management in dying patients. The evidence in this benchmark will be appraised to improve practice, improve outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs (Melnyk, 2018). Feelings of being overwhelmed, fatigue, confusion, and guilt can occur in healthcare professionals without the proper knowledge of pain in the dying patient. Health professionals are responsible for ensuring proper care of patients is taken during the most difficult time of their lives to ensure they have the best quality of life through the end of their lives. The question to be …

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