Digital Commons Network^™

Bridging Cognitive Psychology And Natural Language Processing: A Bias-Detection Framework For Large Language Models, Stephen Surles

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

Bias in large language models (LLMs) poses substantial risks to fair and accurate information processing, particularly in high-impact contexts such as news dissemination and content moderation. These models often learn and unintentionally amplify systematic biases, ranging from confirmation and negativity to anchoring and partisanship, present in the data on which they are trained, thereby distorting public discourse and potentially fueling misinformation. Building upon theories in cognitive psychology and AI-decision-making, the Cognitive Bias in Artificial Intelligence Theory (CoBAIT) becomes the interdisciplinary theoretical foundation of this work.

Drawing on both cognitive bias theory and a design science approach, this dissertation develops a …

Causes Of Mortality In The Congenital Disorders Of Glycosylation, Hana Alharbi, Seishu Horikoshi, Sabrina Malone Jenkins, Fernando Scaglia, Christina Lam, Eva Morava, Austin Larson, Andrew C Edmondson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG) are a group of some 200 genetic disorders with PMM2-CDG being the most common disease. These disorders individually remain rare with poorly understood natural history (NH) and causes of mortality. We established a NH study for CDG and collected both prospective and retrospective data on CDG outcomes. In the current data set analysis on deceased patients, we describe the clinical phenotype and causes of death for thirty-seven individuals with various genetic causes of CDG. About a third of this cohort were affected with PMM2-CDG. All of the patients presented with multisystem features with involvement of …

Cinacalcet For Infants And Young Children On Maintenance Dialysis: Determining The Right Time, The Right Dose And The Right Patients., Kyle Ying-Kit Lin, Fiona Fung-Yee Lai, Eugene Yu-Hin Chan, Bradley A. Warady

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Chronic Kidney Disease - Mineral Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) is a recognized complication of kidney failure, which can lead to short stature, bone deformity, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and bone fracture in children. Despite the use of conventional therapies, a subgroup of patients receiving dialysis continues to experience secondary or even tertiary hyperparathyroidism. Cinacalcet, a calcimimetic agent, has been shown to be a promising therapeutic option to control hyperparathyroidism with reasonable safety profiles in adults and older children. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of data and guidance pertaining to its use among the younger children on dialysis, who are often the …

Inappropriate Laboratory Testing: Significant Waste Quantified By A Large-Scale Year-Long Study Of Medicare And Commercial Payer Reimbursement, Dave Smart, Jeff Schreier, Ila R Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Context.—: Laboratory testing, beyond what is essential for managing health, is considered low-value care, posing patient risks and wasting resources. Measuring excess testing on a national level is crucial to identify waste and optimize healthcare resource allocation for maximum impact.

Objective.—: To measure inappropriate laboratory testing and its cost across Medicare and many US commercial payers.

Design.—: A retrospective analysis on 2019 claims data measured the frequency of 4 commonly used laboratory tests among 64 million individuals with Medicare and 168 million with commercial insurance. Tests included 25-hydroxy vitamin D, prostate-specific antigen, lipid panel, and hemoglobin A1c. Clinical guidelines, medical …

High-Dose Methotrexate Usage Without Drug-Level Monitoring In Advanced Pediatric Mature B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma In A Resource-Limited Setting In Malawi, Rizine R Mzikamanda, Loviisa Mulanje, Casey L Mcatee, Apatsa Matatiyo, Zoe Mwale, Grace Chirwa, Watipaso Wanda, Atupele Miranda Mpasa, Stella Wachepa, Minke H W Huibers, Steve Martin, Tamiwe Tomoka, Maurice Mulenga, Yuri Fedoriw, Gugulethu Mapurisa, Julie M Gastier Foster, Nader El-Mallawany, Katherine D Westmoreland, Peter Wasswa, Carl E Allen, Nmazuo Ozuah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: Excellent survival for advanced (stages II with high lactate dehydrogenase, III, and IV) pediatric mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (MB-NHL) has been achieved with intensive regimens, but adoption in sub-Saharan Africa is limited by inadequate supportive care. We provide real-world data on treating advanced MB-NHL with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX; ≥1,000 mg/m2/cycle) where real-time serum MTX monitoring is unavailable.

Methods: We identified two cohorts-a retrospective (January 2017-December 2020) cohort treated with 1,000 or 3,000 mg/m2/cycle of HD-MTX and a prospective (July 2022-July 2023) cohort-with a modified LMB96 protocol containing 3,000 mg/m2/cycle of HD-MTX. All doses of HD-MTX were given over 3 …

Breakfast Of Champions: Steam In Action, Susan Abraham

Professional Learning Day

Teach your students the fun of STEAM while encouraging them to become future entrepreneurs. Students will learn to develop a cereal - create the cereal box (all 6 sides), market the cereal, price the cereal, and make a 3D model of the cereal from recyclable materials. Students learn how viewpoints can affect consumer costs. They also learn the idea of working for a company challenge as this is a competition based project. Educators will learn to incorporate all subjects (Science, Math, Art, Social Studies, Engineering, and Technology) into this project. Educators will also learn how to involve the whole school …

Build Your Own World!, Sarah Robertson, Felicia Maxa

Professional Learning Day

You will be introduced to an activity that allows you to create a unique planet and learn about earth and space science in the process! In making your planet, you will use knowledge of formation, plate boundaries, landforms, weather, climate, wind currents, and more. You will sketch out planetary details and create a raised relief map that shows aspects of your planet. If you love Earth Science and project-based learning, this is the session for you. Bring a pencil and a positive attitude!

Ethical Considerations Of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement In A Patient With Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease And Advanced Dementia, Toni Habib, Niamh Siobhán Mulrooney, Yisroel Grabie, Mohammad Maruf, Sophia Kasapira

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive neurodegenerative condition that is not easily diagnosed and has no curative treatments available, essentially requiring palliative measures, including tube feeding. Nonetheless, data shows that the endoscope used for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube insertion can be a vector for CJD transmission.

Case Presentation

We discuss the case of an elderly patient diagnosed with CJD, requiring tube feeding. Multiple specialists were consulted, and they were unable to reach an agreement on the best approach. Eventually, the hospital ethics committee intervened, and the family agreed to comfort measures only. This case report sheds light …

Lessons In Service, Eric F. Spina

President's Blog: From the Heart

What a beautiful evening celebrating two outstanding members of the University of Daytonfamily! Jen and Verb — you are such deserving recipients of the Lackner Award, and I amhonored to offer a few remarks about how I see your leadership.

Landlord Licensure: A Pathway To Improved Rental Housing In New Mexico, Stefanie N. Jock

New Mexico Law Review

Over a thousand different professions throughout the United States are subject to occupational regulations for the purpose of protecting public health, safety, and welfare. Yet, few professions are as crucial to public health, safety and welfare as the business that controls access to rental housing. The availability of rental housing is critical to the people of New Mexico due to the state’s high percentage of low-income households and the shortage of affordable housing units available in recent years. Thus, low-income renters in New Mexico are often left dealing with substandard housing conditions or paying a significant portion of their income …

Overview Of Mechanisms Related To Citrulline Malate Supplementation And Different Methods Of High-Intensity Interval Training On Sports Performance: A Narrative Review, Hadi Nobari, Laya Samadian, Saber Saedmocheshi, Pablo Prieto-González, Christopher Macdonald

Kinesiology

Regular exercise is a practical non-pharmacological approach to maintaining physical and mental health through rehabilitation and prevention of chronic diseases due to its cardiovascular, cardiorespiratory, neurological, and neuromuscular benefits. Despite awareness of the benefits of exercise, a “lack of time” has proven to be the most common impediment to regular activity. Thus, a time-efficient and potentially enjoyable training modality with growing popularity is high-intensity interval training (HIIT). HIIT incorporates intermittent bouts of work and recovery intervals performed at an intensity close to maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). HIIT is considered to have equivalent or superior benefits compared to moderate-intensity continuous training …

Reduction Of Prostate Cancer Risk: Role Of Frequent Ejaculation-Associated Mechanisms., Mohamed Hassan, Thomas W. Flanagan, Abdulaziz M. Eshaq, Osama K. Altamimi, Hassan Altalag, Mohamed Alsharif, Nouf Alshammari, Tamadhir Alkhalidi, Abdelhadi Boulifa, Siraj M. El Jamal, Youssef Haikel, Mossad Megahed

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Simple Summary: There is considerable evidence to suggest that frequent ejaculation reduces the risk of prostate cancer. The more frequently ejaculation occurs without risky sexual behavior, the lower the risk of prostate cancer. The mechanisms regulating the reduction in PCa risk associated with frequent ejaculations are attributed to the suppression of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in a relief of tension and a slowing of the division of prostate epithelial cells. It is suggested that ejaculation frequency affects gene expression in prostate tissue and subsequently influences the susceptibility of the tissue to tumor formation, leading to a reduction in the …

Fructose Induces Inflammatory Activation In Macrophages And Microglia Through The Nutrient-Sensing Ghrelin Receptor, Zheng Shen, Zeyu Liu, Hongying Wang, Danilo Landrock, Ji Yeon Noh, Qun Sophia Zang, Chih-Hao Lee, Yuhua Z Farnell, Zheng Chen, Yuxiang Sun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is a commonly used sweetener in soft drinks and processed foods, and HFCS exacerbates inflammation when consumed in excess. Fructose, a primary component of HFCS; however, it is unclear whether fructose directly activates inflammatory signaling. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a receptor of the nutrient‐sensing hormone ghrelin. We previously reported that GHSR ablation mitigates HFCS‐induced inflammation in adipose tissue and liver, shifting macrophages toward an anti‐inflammatory spectrum. Since inflammation is primarily governed by innate immune cells, such as macrophages in the peripheral tissues and microglia in the brain, this study aims to investigate whether …

Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Hamilton County, For The Year Ended June 30, 2025, Tennessee. Comptroller Of The Treasury.

Tennessee County Audit Reports

No abstract provided.

Biosocial Determinants Of Health Among Patients With Chronic Liver Disease And Liver Cancer, Tagari Samanta, Jun Hyoung Park, Benny Abraham Kaipparettu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Metabolic disorders and chronic liver disease (CLD) play crucial roles in the development and progression of liver cancer (LC). Since the ethnic minority population increasingly suffers from CLD and LC, it is vital to understand the biosocial factors contributing to CLD and LC. The 'All of Us' database, with significant participation from minority populations, provides a valuable tool for studies in different racial/ethnic groups. Using different databases, including the 'All of Us' and 'The Cancer Genome Atlas', this study aimed to understand the biosocial factors contributing to CLD and LC.

Methods: Using 'All of Us' data, confounding factors like …

Lived Experiences Of Rural Female Veterans Seeking Mental Health Counseling, Tina Marie Tarryk

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Over the past 20 years, the number of female veterans in the United States has doubled. Research has shown a gap in the literature regarding the lived experiences of female veterans seeking mental health care services in rural areas. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of female veterans seeking mental health services in rural areas. A hermeneutic phenomenological theoretical framework through the lens of health care utilization theory was used to guide the study. Nine women meeting the inclusion criteria of being a veteran, being 18 years or older, having at least 2 …

Participant Experiences With Mobile Integrated Health In Underserved Communities While Managing Chronic Disease: Grounded Theory, Margaret Piwowar

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals in underserved communities face barriers to the management of chronic disease compounded by the lack of consideration of the social determinants of health in health education interventions. This qualitative study explored the perspectives and experiences of adults living in underserved communities who have graduated from an integrated program in a large metropolitan area in the United States. Mobile integrated health programs, conducted by community paramedics, work in underserved communities within citizens' homes, managing chronic disease. Limited research exists regarding the perspectives of participants who have received interventions from integrated programs and the perceived impact these interventions have on reducing …

The Correlation Between The Amount Of Weight Gain And Physical Activity Levels In Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Dmpa) Users, Zumroh Hasanah, Desiana Merawati, Raja Mohammed Firhad Raja Azidin, Dessy Amelia, Alifia Candra Puriastuti, Rizqie Putri Novembriani, Nurya Viandika, Putri Nurika Dewi

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: DMPA is a widely used contraceptive in Indonesia due to its accessibility and effectiveness. However, side effects such as weight gain are a concern, with more than 90% of the 600 users in 2022-2023 experiencing them. Objective: This study aimed to examine the correlation between the amount of weight gain and physical activity levels in DMPA users. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with consecutive sampling, involving 82 women (aged 19-51 years, average weight 58 kg) selected using the Slovin formula. Data were collected through structured interviews and questionnaires covering demographics, medical history, and physical activity level based …

The Synergistic Effects Of Circuit Training And Diet On Weight Loss, Body Fat Percentage, And Bmi In Obese Indonesian Females: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Ali Muthahhari Rahim, Ahmad Nasrulloh

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: Despite the popularity of circuit training and dietary interventions, their combined effects on obese Southeast Asian populations remain underexplored.  Objective: This study aims to examine the effects of circuit training (using free weights and body weight) and dietary interventions (low-calorie diet and intermittent fasting using the OCD method), as well as their interaction, on weight loss, body fat percentage, and body mass index in obese individuals. Methods: This type of research is an experiment using a 2 x 2 factorial design. This experimental study used four groups that received different treatments, namely the provision of circuit training with free …

Wearable Technology For Cardiovascular Performance: A Systematic Review Of Smartwatch Applications In Fitness Training, Moch. Yunus, Nanang Tri Wahyudi, Ronal Surya Aditya, Alifia Candra Puriastuti, Daifallah M. Alrazeeni, Gadis Meinar Sari, Farsya Hidayah Septiananda, Lintang Nirmalasari Gemalochaya Manggolono

Indonesian Journal of Research in Physical Education, Sport, and Health

Background: Wearable technologies such as smartwatches have revolutionized cardiovascular fitness training through real-time monitoring and personalized exercise interventions. However, the effectiveness of smartwatch apps in improving cardiovascular performance still needs to be systematically evaluated.  Objective: This study aims to assess the contribution of smartwatch apps in improving cardiovascular fitness training using a systematic review based on the PRISMA framework. Methods: The research questions were designed using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) model. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Crossref, focusing on articles published in 2020-2025 that met the inclusion criteria. Result: …

A Quantitative Study: The Association Between College Selection Methodology And Sense Of Belongingness Among First-Year, Full-Time Residential College Students, Tamara Reese

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

College selection methodology can be traced back to the 1920s when colleges had to rely on their to travel through word of mouth, catalogs, pictures, and brochures. Although virtual tours can be dated back to 1994, COVID-19 catapulted the popularity of traveling through virtual reality. While many studies have sought to measure the impact of visitation on student enrollment propensities, none have made a noteworthy effort to account for a potential endogenous link between the student's college choice methodology and a student's sense of belongingness at their college or university campus. The purpose of this quantitative quasi-experimental study is to …

Muscle-Specific Errγ Activation Mitigates Muscle Atrophy After Acl Injury, Aiping Lu, Katie J Sikes, Ping Guo, Matthieu Huard, Shelbi Green, Kelly Santangelo, Jacob Singer, Ashley Groesbeck, Scott Tashman, Vihang A Narkar, Johnny Huard

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury adversely affects skeletal muscle, leading to muscle atrophy and weakness, significantly impacting clinical outcomes. This study aimed to determine if estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) overexpression in skeletal muscle could mitigate muscle atrophy after ACL injury. An animal model with selective overexpression of ERRγ in skeletal muscle (ERR-gamma transgenic mice, TG) and WT control mice were used for this study. All the mice received a mechanical ACL rupture and were euthanized at 4- and 8-week post-injury. Muscle histology, atrophy, and function were evaluated and compared between the TG and WT mice. Muscle-specific ERRγ activation in TG …

Board Of Trustees Minutes, Feb. 28 2025, Indiana State University Board Of Trustees

Board of Trustees

No abstract provided.

Reducing Burnout Among Physiatry Trainees During The Pandemic: Instituting A Wellness Retreat, Edwin Amirianfar, Oliver Acosta, Eduard Tiozzo, Joslyn Gober, Monica Verduzco-Gutierrez

Journal of Wellness

Introduction: Burnout has been described as “a state of mental and physical exhaustion related to work or caregiving activities.” Among resident physicians, burnout is a serious concern that can lead to medical errors and negative patient outcomes. To combat burnout among physiatry trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic, an innovative wellness retreat was created and implemented at the University of Miami’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) Residency Program in March 2021 and February 2022.

Methods: The retreat curriculum was designed by the PM&R Residency Wellness Committee and supported by departmental funding. The retreat(s) consisted of three strategies: education and discussion on …

A Nursing Education Intervention In An Adult Inpatient Setting To Improve Compliance Rate With Pressure Injury Prevention Intervention, Brooklynn Jane Janke

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Pressure injuries can lead to life-threatening health complications for patients and cause physical, psychological, and financial stress to patients suffering from them. The literature review demonstrated that bedside nursing staff often have not received the appropriate education about pressure injury prevention and care. The literature review also revealed that nurses prefer to be educated one-on-one and peer-to-peer. Therefore, providing focused and frequent education on pressure injury prevention and improving nurses’ understanding of the importance of pressure injury prevention can improve the quality of care a nurse provides, and patients receive, thus reducing the number of health care-acquired pressure injuries. The …

Implementing An Exercise Program In Prediabetic Patients On Glp-1 Ras To Increase Self-Efficacy And Decrease Hgba1c, Bmi, And Weight, Tamara Alston

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Obesity is a significant factor in the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity is a condition of excess adipose tissue caused by an imbalance between the calories a person takes in, the absorption of those calories, and energy expenditure or how many of those calories a person burns. In 2022, the total cost of care for people with diabetes was $413 billion. Evidence indicates increased physical activity is directly associated with weight loss and decreased waist circumference. The literature supports that 150 minutes of weekly exercise can reduce HgbA1c, weight, and body mass index. Additionally, improved self-efficacy …

Thai Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Tax: Does It Really Help?, Sitaporn Suriya, Buraskorn Torut

Kesmas

A solution recommended by the World Health Organization to prevent and control noncommunicable diseases is the Sugar-Sweetened Beverage (SSB) tax. This study aimed to evaluate the Thai SSB tax efficiency affecting the change in post-tax individual-level consumption and find causal explanations for the people’s consumption behavior after the SSB tax was implemented. This study used a Productivity Model, and stratified random sampling was conducted by selecting 1,200 people. An in-depth interview was conducted to seek causal explanations for post-SSB tax consumption behavior with 15 key informants. The results revealed the SSB tax’s efficiency in terms of perception and understanding at …

Microplastics And Nanoplastics In Tea: Sources, Characteristics And Potential Impacts, Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard, Faezeh Jahedi, Andrew Turner

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Recent scientific studies have raised concerns about the presence and potential impacts of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) in tea-based drinks. This review critically examines publications relating to MNPs in tea, with focus on the type of sample involved, methods and techniques employed to isolate and identify MNPs, and the main qualitative and quantitative findings. Sources of MNPs in tea include production water, plastic packaging and contaminated tea leaves but the most important source is teabags when steeped in boiling water. Here, more than 10⁹ MNPs have been reported to be released per plastic teabag. However, significant quantities of MNPs …

How Regulators Can Use Ai, John J. Nay, Troy A. Paredes

Vanderbilt Law Review En Banc

No abstract provided.

Is There A Duty To Use Lethal Autonomous Weapons? How Ai Will Change Warfare And The International Order, Bryan Hance

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.