Digital Commons Network^™

Multi-Factor Authentication For Ai Agents, Surendra Vyas, Som Madhab Bhattacharya

Defensive Publications Series

Techniques are provided for receiving an access request to access a resource, the access request including a resource identifier corresponding to the resource and the resource identifier at least partially providing a first authentication. Techniques are further provided for transmitting an authentication request as part of a second authentication, the authentication request including a challenge. Techniques are further provided for receiving a challenge response from an artificial intelligence agent. Techniques are further provided for validating the challenge response. Techniques are further provided for determining the access request requires additional verification. Techniques are further provided for transmitting, using a second authentication …

Analysis Of Student’S Critical Thinking Skills In Science Learning : A Gender-Based Analysis, Evi Elisanti, Larassati Larassati

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The lack of studies on the development of critical thinking skills based on students' gender and the limited thinking processes demonstrated by male and female students in science classes. The purpose of this study is to analyze students' critical thinking skills in science learning: a gender-based analysis. The research sample subjects were 4th grade 107 class V students in one of the public elementary schools in the city of Surakarta. This type of research used descriptive statistics and inferential statistics to analyze the data. The novelty of this study broadens the perspective that gender differences are not a matter of …

What Is To Be Done? Palestine And The Futility Of Liberal Sympathy, Emily Maureen Schneider

Fast Capitalism

These remarks were delivered on November 19, 2025 as part of a virtual panel featuring the 2025 Marxist Sociology Section of the American Sociological Association Award Winners. In the essay below, I share the core arguments of my award-winning chapter, “Negotiating Indigeneity in Hebron: Criminality, Tourism, and Liberal Settler Colonialism,” which I have since expanded upon in my forthcoming book American Jews in Palestine: Tourism and the Limits of Liberal Sympathy. Based on years of ethnographic fieldwork investigating alternative Jewish tours to Palestine, I argue that liberal identity politics, namely a preoccupation with Indigeneity and race that does not challenge …

Football’S Climate Own Goal: The Case For Abolishing The Fifa World Cup, Toby Miller, Joan Pedro-Carañana

Fast Capitalism

This paper criticizes the environmental devastation and pervasive greenwashing associated with corporate football, with a particular focus on the FIFA men’s World Cup Finals. Analysis of past World Cups—Germany (2006), South Africa (2010), Brazil (2014), and particularly Qatar (2022)—reveals a consistent failure by FIFA and host nations to meet climate goals. Furthermore, major teams and governing bodies like UEFA and FIFA depend on sponsors from environmentally-damaging industries that utilize these sports for green cover, deflecting attention from their nefarious activities. As future World Cups expand (2026, 2030, 2034) and move to climate-vulnerable nations, the environmental impact is projected to worsen. …

A Micropolitics Of Soccer Visibility: Sports And American Exceptionalism Through A Nashville Lens, John Sloop

Fast Capitalism

This essay uses the occasion of the 2026 World Cup to investigate the ways “soccer” or football in the United States has reflected the ideology of US exceptionalism as well as a wide array of other ideological nodal points. By performing a microhistory of soccer as it was covered in the local news in Nasvhille, I bring into relief the ways our understanding of soccer today continues to be constrained by its ideological roots in terms of nationalism, gender, race, and class.

Costing The Earth: Critical Reflections On The Growth Of Fifa’S World Cup Tournaments, Barry Smart

Fast Capitalism

The paper provides a critical analysis of the growth of FIFA’s World Cup tournaments. Consideration is given to FIFA’s status as a global organization, specifically its extensive reach, standing, and responsibility, as well as the interests and concerns driving its expansion policies.  While expansion has fostered greater inclusion and increased global engagement it has also aroused growing climate and environmental concerns. FIFA claims to have a broad social mission, a fundamental social role, and acknowledges the requirement for good governance. In addition, FIFA has expressed a commitment to the protection of human rights and has outlined its climate strategy, which …

Incorporating Feminist Ethics Of Care Into The American Women’S Soccer Market, Julie Brice, Verity Postlethwaite

Fast Capitalism

This paper offers a critical commentary on the professionalization of women’s soccer in the United States, exploring the intersection of feminism and capitalism. Drawing on feminist economic theory, we reflect on how feminist values and an ethics of care have been mobilized within women's professional soccer. To accomplish this, we focus specifically on two Southern Californian women’s soccer teams from two iterations of the women's professional soccer league in the US—the San Diego Spirit of the Women’s United Soccer Association and Angel City Football Club of the National Women’s Soccer League. Through historical and contemporary examples, we illustrate how feminist …

Fifa’S Future In A Changing International System, Amit Gupta

Fast Capitalism

The Federation of International Football Associations (FIFA) has shown the most consistent ability to reinvent itself and to increase the commercial potential of the game. In doing so it has followed the fundamental principles of capitalism, using innovation and growth as the basis for success. This has led the sport to become the most popular in the world, with the men’s World Cup finals averaging over a billion viewers. It is not only the viewing audience of the World Cup that makes the game so popular of course: domestic football—particularly the leagues of England, Spain, Italy, and Germany—has found audiences …

Non-Football: The Hyperrationalized Nothingness Of Sporting Late Capitalism, David L. Andrews

Fast Capitalism

Over the past four decades, the origination and remarkable growth of the English Premier League (EPL, has transformed English football from what was a relatively parochial expression of a predominantly urban working class culture, into a mass entertainment-driven, multiple revenue-streamed, and globally consumed sport spectacle.  As such, this discussion engages and extends the voluminous critical scholarship on the EPL as an instructive object of cultural economic inquiry.  This is realized through a contextual model of the EPL as a hyper-rationalized non-football assemblage, largely based on a synthetic reading of Manuel DeLanda, Marc Augé, and George Ritzer’s conceptualizing.  This model forges …

Platform Telecracy: Soccer, Capital, And Media After Galeano, Jason Ludwig

Fast Capitalism

This article builds on on Eduardo Galeano's concept of "telecracy"  to theorize "platform telecracy," an updated framework for analyzing the relationship between soccer, media infrastructure, and capital in the era of digital platforms.  The article argues that the transition from broadcast television to online platforms has fundamentally transformed how soccer media is produced, circulated, and monetized. Where Galeano's broadcast telecracy (Telecracy 1.0) commodified the live match broadcast, platform telecracy (Telecracy 2.0) assetizes match footage, enabling its endless fragmentation and recirculation across digital platforms as a source of continuous advertising and subscription revenue.

The Fifa Vector, Pablo Andrés Castagno

Fast Capitalism

A key aim within Critical and Cultural Studies is to analyze how non-governmental international institutions engage with political and economic processes. This article argues that the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) shapes a fundamental institutional vector for global capital accumulation, which is based on the exploitation of players and communities. Under the influence of protection rackets, FIFA has actually functioned as a governmental machine that enforces the commodification of football. Furthermore, it propagates a narrative of football's magic that legitimizes non-democratic governments seeking some cultural validation. In these ways, FIFA interacts with the emergence of the vectoral state. Over …

From Many Green New Deals To The New Green Scam, Timothy W. Luke

Fast Capitalism

This preliminary critical analysis explores the decisive shift in U.S. environmental policy from the Biden Administration, which still honored the mythic might of FDR’s 1930s New Deal, to the rapid implementation of a President Trump's MAGA ("Make America Great Again") approaches to environmental conservation and protection policy. The Biden Administration’s and the Democratic Party also entertained “Green New Deal” measures despite their often misunderstood connections to statist class compromises and corporatist legitimation dynamics that alienated many conservatives and the GOP, as exemplified by the Project 2025 program from the Heritage Foundation behind the Second Trump administration.  As a mix of …

Introduction, Paul Smith

Fast Capitalism

No abstract provided.

The 2026 World Cup, In Trump’S Shadow, Richard Holtzman

Fast Capitalism

This essay examines President Donald Trump’s rhetorical interventions in the lead-up to the 2026 FIFA World Cup. It is inspired by Eduardo Galeano’s Soccer in Sun and Shadow, which interprets football as a mirror reflecting broader political, cultural, and economic realities. My analysis explores how Trump commandeered the World Cup through spectacle, transforming it into a stage for symbolically demonstrating his power and indulging his ego. The president’s rhetorical behavior is explored and critiqued through three case studies and a final vignette: (1) the establishment of a White House World Cup Task Force, (2) the president’s threats to relocate …

The Role Of Online Influencers In Countering Digital Extreme-Right Messaging: The Case Of Hasan Piker And The Twitch Network, Lachlan Howells, Francis Russell, Ben Rich, Paul Sutherland

Fast Capitalism

Although significant research has been conducted on the role of online influencers in fomenting and proliferating right-wing extremist narratives, conspiracies, and ideology, little attention has been paid to digital content creators who actively work to defuse and counter such ideas. This paper seeks to fill this gap by considering the case of Hasan Piker, a prolific leftist streamer and e-celebrity, theorized through Gramsci’s notion of the organic intellectual. Accordingly, we analyze a series of Piker’s livestreams that engage with various right-wing extremist talking points and consider his role in combating these ideas alongside his interactive audience.

Cyberzombies And The Afterlife Of Thought: Dead Labor, Ai, And The Necropolis Of Capital, Craig Van Pelt

Fast Capitalism

This essay presents a novel Marxist theory of artificial intelligence (AI) as the latest expansive form of dead labor. Drawing on Marx’s Grundrisse (1993 [1973]), I argue that modern AI systems function as cyberzombies: digital entities animated by appropriated dead cognitive labor. This dead cognitive labor operates as seemingly autonomous machine cognition, reproducing the core feature of capital: the domination of living labor by accumulated past labor. These cyberzombies accelerate the widening cognitive rift—the structural separation between communities that supply resources for AI to function and the actors who accumulate the resulting knowledge. The essay concludes that cyberzombies reveal an …

Front Matter, Fast Capitalism Editorial Team

Fast Capitalism

No abstract provided.

Full Issue, Fast Capitalism Editorial Team

Fast Capitalism

No abstract provided.

Attached To The Algorithm: Investigating The Relationship Between Adult Attachment Styles And Instrumental And Relational Dependency On Large Language Models, Jim Zapf, Ala Yankouskaya, Timothy J. Evans, Andrew J. Graham, Abigail Hill, Troy Backhuus

Journal of Counseling and Psychology

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) raises questions for counselors regarding when such tools are used adaptively versus when they foster dependency. Guided by attachment theory and a dual-dimension view of AI reliance, this study examined whether adult attachment styles predict instrumental (task/decision support) and relational (companion-like) dependency on LLMs, whether spiritual engagement relates to these dependencies, and whether levels differ by age. Faculty, staff, and students who had used an LLM completed the LLM-D12 and the ECR-R (N = 515). Analyses showed that instrumental dependency on LLMs was highest among individuals high in avoidance, with modest additional …

Should I Supersede Or Should I Go: Individual Protection And Private Company Interests In Implementing A Federal Biometric Privacy Law, Jessica Oshanani

Journal of Civil Rights and Economic Development

(Excerpt)

Section I of this Note will define and discuss biometrics. Section II will discuss key biometrics legislation and Section III will explain the impact of BIPA on other state biometric privacy laws.

Next, Section IV will explain the impact of biometric privacy violations and separate controlling state laws on individuals, while Section V will explain the impact of biometric data laws on private companies.

Section VI will identify potential federal laws on the horizon, then Section VII will explain the concept and application of preemption.

Finally, Section VIII will discuss the benefits of administrative agency overview, and Section IX …

Texas Bluebonnet Chapter, Daughters Of The American Revolution Scrapbook, 1976-1981

Lucretia Council Cochran and Texas Bluebonnet Chapters, Daughters of the American Revolution Scrapbooks

Scrapbook created by the Texas Bluebonnet Chapter of Daughters of the American Revolution containing materials from 1976-1981

Caring For Our Neighbors: Public Prayer As A Pastoral Tool For Multicultural Communities, Gilbert Perez

School of Theology and Seminary Graduate Papers/Theses

Throughout 2025 and in the first few months of 2026 there has been an increased presence of immigration law enforcement in the state of Minnesota, which has extended into the central Minnesotan diocese of St. Cloud.

Information, Communication, And Content Creation Digital Skills: Task-Based Performance Tests Among Youth In Europe, Alexander Van Deursen, Ester Van Laar, Ellen J. Helsper, Luc Schneider, Veronika Kalmus, Signe Opermann, Mari-Liis Tikerperi, Margus Pedaste, Rasmus Mannerström, Katariina Salmela-Aro, Natalia Waechter, Christin Brando, Cristina Ponte, Rita Baptista, Susana Batista, Giovanna Mascheroni, Davide Cino, Jacek Pyżalski, Natalia Walter, Marie Jaron Bedrosova, Hana Machackova, Michal Muzik, Stepanka Kadera, Leen D'Haenens

Journal of Media Literacy Education Pre-Prints

Youth’s digital skills are of growing interest to scholars and policymakers. This paper reports on a performance test in which over 600 youth from six European countries tested their skills by undertaking tasks measuring information, communication, and content creation digital skills. The findings question whether youth have the skills needed to reap the benefits from online information provision and social interactions. They struggle to understand whether websites are trustworthy, to distinguish advertising from information, with online meeting and conversation etiquette, and with content creation. This applies to both girls and boys, although some gender differences were observed depending on the …

Adaptive Intervention Strategies In Co-Evolving Multiplex Networks: A Reinforcement Learning Approach To Real-Time Misinformation Containment, Anjali Ashokrao Bhadre Dr., Harshvardhan Prabhakar Ghongade Dr.

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

The growing transmission of misinformation via social media creates serious challenges to public health, democracy and social cohesion. To date, methods used to contain misinformation rely upon static representations of networks and set rules for interventions. In contrast, this study presents the first Multiplex Adaptive Reinforcement Intervention Network (MARIN), a framework for real-time adaptive intervention in the context of dynamic misinformation transmission using co-evolving multiplex networks and deep reinforcement learning. Unlike past studies that have assumed static network structures, MARIN has the ability to allow for dynamic changes in network topology as a result of both misinformation transmission and intervention …

Tinyvgg-Based Real-Time Degradation Classification For Adverse Driving Scenes Using A Newly Collected Iraqi Driving Dataset, Yousif N. Abbas, Matheel E. Abdulmunim, Nada H. Ali, Ismail A. Mageed

Journal of Soft Computing and Computer Applications

Environmental conditions such as low-light at night, fog scattering, glare artifacts, rain streaks, and rain smear distortions are significant issues of camera-based perception in Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). These degradations alter the statistics of the scene, mask structure, introduce non-uniform noise, and adversely affect downstream vision processes, including detection and tracking. To overcome this shortcoming, this paper presents a lightweight TinyVGG-based degradation classification system that runs in real time. The network extracts discriminative spatial features with hierarchical convolutional encoding and projects them to a lower-dimensional semantic representation with fully connected layers and a multi-class predictor based on SoftMax. In addition, a …

Beneficial Investigation Of Sustainable Recycled Waste Plastic In Treating The Consolidation Behavior Of Fine Soil, Aram Mohammed Raheem, Cumaraswamy Vipulanandan, Mohammed Hiwa Abdullrahman, Ali Tariq Omer

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

Recycled waste plastic is one of the regular garbage utilized as a sustainable material in soil remediation. This study examines the efficacy of utilizing local recycled waste plastic as an ecological quantifiable along with soil containing fine particles to analyze the consolidation behavior. Various recycled waste plastic contents ranging from 2% to 10% were employed experimentally in two patterns where in the first pattern the recycled waste plastic were mixed as dry material with the fine soil particles while in the second pattern a sandwich layer of 10% of the recycled waste plastic was placed in the middle of the …

Development Of Differentiated Learning Assisted By Animated Content In Speaking And Writing Learning For Second Grade Elementary School Students, Winaningsih Winaningsih, Euis Eti Rohaeti, Asep Samsudin

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

Speaking and writing are basic skills that play a crucial role in supporting the academic development of elementary school students. Initial observations in one elementary school indicated that learning was still uniform, did not fully address differences in student abilities, and the use of digital media was still limited. This study aimed to analyze the development process, feasibility, and effectiveness of a differentiated learning model supported by animated content in improving the speaking and writing skills of second-grade elementary school students, as well as to identify barriers faced by teachers and students in its implementation. This study used a Research …

Dual-Action Antibacterial Agents Targeting Biofilm Reduction And Membrane Disruption In Staphylococcus Aureus, Rahmat Folashade Zakariyah, Waliyullahi Akorede Husain, Elohor Precious Samuel, Wonder Olanipekun Oloruntoba, Fatmah Opeyemi Saka, Khalid Ayinde Oyelami, Mariam Temitope Baker

Al-Bahir

Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is a serious global health problem as the organism rapidly develops resistance against widely used antibiotics. This study sought to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of γ-Tocopherol, a natural compound from Ocimum gratissimum, as well as its synergism with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) against S. aureus. The antibacterial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations of the compounds were determined using agar diffusion and microbroth dilution methods, respectively. Biofilm reduction was evaluated using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) assay and membrane integrity was evaluated using the crystal violet microtiter plate assay and the ion leakage assay. The results …

Evaluating The Efficacy Of Green-Method-Prepared Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles On Gene Expression Of Efflux Pumps In Klebsiella Pneumoniae Bacteria Isolated From Women With Gestational Diabetes, Wissam Qadry Mutaab, Rana J. Shaker

Al-Bahir

Vaginitis is one of the most common women's health problems, and its severity increases in pregnant women with gestational diabetes due to higher susceptibility to infection and increased rates of antibiotic resistance. The research problem: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its association with AcrAB-TolC ejaculation pumps limits treatment efficacy, while the effect of green-method nanoparticles on gene expression of these pumps remains unclear. This paper aimed to detect the acrA and acrB genes in K. pneumoniae isolates and evaluate the effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared with garlic and rosemary extracts on their gene expression. …

Gci Cifrs‑N V4.0 — Universal Food‑Water‑Energy Nexus For Desert, Disaster, And Remote Deployment, Michael Victor Caldwell Mr.

Defensive Publications Series

The CIFRS‑N v4.0 Universal Nexus is a modular, skid‑mounted system designed to provide water, soil and nutrients, energy, and food production in extreme or resource‑limited environments:

• Hyper‑arid deserts

• Disaster zones (floods, earthquakes, conflict)

• Refugee camps

• Remote communities and off‑grid outposts

The system is presented in three build paths, so different teams can choose what they can realistically build:

Option A — Fully Buildable Today  

• Uses only off‑the‑shelf, proven technologies and simple fabrication.

Option B — Hybrid Real‑World + Near‑Future  

• Adds advanced but physically realistic modules inspired by the inventor’s prior work (Hyperion, VABR, Phoenix‑Cracker, Arachne, Omni‑Vortex, etc.).

Option C — …