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Korelasi Putusan Hakim Tingkat Pertama, Tingkat Banding, Dan Tingkat Kasasi (Suatu Studi Tentang Aliran Pemikiran Hukum), Mustafa Bola, Romi Librayanto, Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra Jan 2025

Korelasi Putusan Hakim Tingkat Pertama, Tingkat Banding, Dan Tingkat Kasasi (Suatu Studi Tentang Aliran Pemikiran Hukum), Mustafa Bola, Romi Librayanto, Muhammad Ilham Arisaputra

Hasanuddin Law Review

Hakim dalam mengambil putusan dibebankan kewajiban oleh undang-undang untuk memuat pasal tertentu dari peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersangkutan sebagai dasar untuk mengadili. Paradigma hukum yang berkembang menunjukkan adanya harapan agar pengadilan, khususnya hakim, tidak hanya mampu memberikan keadilan prosedural semata berdasarkan teks perundang-undangan, akan tetapi lebih utama adalah keadilan substantif. Keadilan substantif bukan berarti hakim harus selalu mengabaikan bunyi undang-undang, melainkan dengan keadilan substantif berarti hakim bisa mengabaikan undang-undang yang tidak memberi rasa keadilan, tetapi tetap berpedoman pada formal undang-undang yang sudah memberi rasa keadilan sekaligus menjamin kepastian hukum. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap penerapan paradigma hukum bagi hakim dalam memutus perkara …

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Corporate Social Responsibility In The Rule Of Law And Welfare State Concept, Busyra Azheri Jan 2025

Corporate Social Responsibility In The Rule Of Law And Welfare State Concept, Busyra Azheri

Hasanuddin Law Review

The provision of the Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Company on Corporate Social Responsibility has changed the nature of such responsibility from voluntary into mandatory. Similarly, it strengthened welfare state (verzorgings staat) concept as commanded by Article 33 (3) and (4) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Denaturing of this Corporate Social Responsibility is progressively assured by the Decision of Indonesian Constitutional Court, so that responsibility must be performed as legal responsibility or mandatory.

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Legal Standing Of Coastal Reclamation: Islamic And Positive Law Perspectives, Supriadi Supriadi Jan 2025

Legal Standing Of Coastal Reclamation: Islamic And Positive Law Perspectives, Supriadi Supriadi

Hasanuddin Law Review

In several regions, the implementation of reclamation in Indonesia caused much conflict. At least, it caused by three interests; the interest of the government, employers, and society (fishermen). The interests of the Government and local authorities to give permission to reclaiming for the pursuit of local revenue, the interests of employers to reclaiming the coastal, because they wanted to add company’s revenues, while the interests of society (fishermen) to defend coastal areas so it not diminish their livelihood. Reclamation in Indonesia has been governed by legislation, but it has not been able to resolve the coastal reclamation. This is due …

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Tudang Sipulung: A Conflict Resolution Wisdom Of Bugis-Makassar Community, Muhammad Syarif Nuh Jan 2025

Tudang Sipulung: A Conflict Resolution Wisdom Of Bugis-Makassar Community, Muhammad Syarif Nuh

Hasanuddin Law Review

This article explores local wisdom “tudang sipulung” (seated together), as conflict settlement medium of Bugis-Makassar Community of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.Tudang sipulung is one of the social institutions that owned the Bugis-Makassar South Sulawesi as a conflict resolution. Tudang sipulung was originally only known in the agricultural community in resolving conflicts related to agriculture, and developing relevant social disputes. Formally, this Tudang Sipulung accommodated by Police in South Sulawesi in the form of a forum called the Mabbulo Sibatang Communication Forum (FKMB) to resolve the conflict. FKMB essence is tudang sipulung between the government, the team of FKMB Police, religious leaders, …

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Atypical Rulings Of The Indonesian Constitutional Court, Bisariyadi Bisariyadi Jan 2025

Atypical Rulings Of The Indonesian Constitutional Court, Bisariyadi Bisariyadi

Hasanuddin Law Review

In deciding judicial review cases, the Court may issue rulings that is not in accordance to what is stipulated in the Constitutional Court Law (Law Number 8 Year 2011). Atypical rulings means that the court may reconstruct a provision, delay the legislation/rulings enactment or give instruction to lawmakers. In addition, the court also introduce the “conditionally (un)constitutional” concept. This essay attempts to identify and classify these atypical rulings, including conditionally (un) constitutional rulings, by examined the constitutional court judicial review rulings from 2003 to 2015. This study will provide a ground work for advance research on typical rulings by the …

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An Overview Of The Legal Framework Of Advanced Fee Fraud And Cybercrime In Nigeria, Mu’Azu Abdullahi Saulawa Jan 2025

An Overview Of The Legal Framework Of Advanced Fee Fraud And Cybercrime In Nigeria, Mu’Azu Abdullahi Saulawa

Hasanuddin Law Review

The paper seeks to discuss an overview on the advanced fee fraud offences as well as cybercrime in Nigerian. The aims of the paper focus on discussing the advanced fee fraud under the related provisions of Advanced Fee Fraud Act 2006 on the success of the law in addressing the practices of crimes in relation to information technology. The paper also discusses the cybercrimes in Nigeria with a brief look out on the Cybercrime (Prohibition and Prevention) Act 2015. Further, it also aims at examining the application of the law in the fraud offences which raises an issue of the …

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A Critical Analysis Of Judicial Appointment Process And Tenure Of Constitutional Justice In Indonesia, Pan Mohamad Faiz Jan 2025

A Critical Analysis Of Judicial Appointment Process And Tenure Of Constitutional Justice In Indonesia, Pan Mohamad Faiz

Hasanuddin Law Review

The judicial appointment process is one of essential elements for maintaining judicial independence and public confidence of a court. This article analyses the practices of judicial appointment process exercised by three different main state institutions in selecting constitutional justice in Indonesia where the mechanism and process for selecting them have been implemented differently. It also examines the tenure of constitutional justice, which is a five-year term and can be renewed for one term only, that may lead to another problem concerning the reselection process of incumbent constitutional justices for their second term. The article concludes that the judicial appointment process …

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Penggunaan Media E-Mail Sebagai Sarana Beracara Contante Justitie Pada Pengadilan Di Indonesia, Yasser S. Wahab, Julianto J.J. Kalalo, Lisa Mery Jan 2025

Penggunaan Media E-Mail Sebagai Sarana Beracara Contante Justitie Pada Pengadilan Di Indonesia, Yasser S. Wahab, Julianto J.J. Kalalo, Lisa Mery

Hasanuddin Law Review

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan asas constante justitie pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia, serta untuk mengetahui sinergitas proses beracara jika menggunakan sarana media internet e-mail dalam mewujudkan contante justitie. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Penelitian dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan bertumpu pada studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan pendekatan bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa meski prinsip contante justitie telah diatur dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, yaitu pada Pasal 2 ayat (4) Undang-Undang Nomor 48 tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman, namun pada praktiknya masih ketinggalan zaman, khususnya pada proses beracara jawabmenjawab, karena dilaksanakan …

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Understanding The Characteristics Of Dispute Settlement In Sharia Economic System, M. Arfin Hamid Jan 2025

Understanding The Characteristics Of Dispute Settlement In Sharia Economic System, M. Arfin Hamid

Hasanuddin Law Review

One of the most developed areas of Islamic law (sharia) today is “Fiqh Muamalah Iqtishadiyyah” or known as term “Sharia Economics.” The outcomes of the research indicate that the characteristics of sharia dispute are important to be understood by sharia businessmen and law enforcers. As it turns out in practice, however, it has certain weaknesses, particularly in view of the accountability and legitimacy aspects of its establishment. The sharia economic disputes, whether through litigation or non-litigation is not a means to profit, but solely to resolve disputes in accordance with sharia principles. the settlement of sharia disputes is still not …

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Method Determining The Contents Of The Contract, Agus Yudha Hernoko, Ghansham Anand, Fiska Silvia Raden Roro Jan 2025

Method Determining The Contents Of The Contract, Agus Yudha Hernoko, Ghansham Anand, Fiska Silvia Raden Roro

Hasanuddin Law Review

The contents of the contract are primarily determined by what the real mutually agreed upon by the parties. By interpreting some certain statements, in this case to determine its meaning, to be clear based on what the parties committed themselves. Why is the interpretation required? In facts, on the many cases provided a valuable lesson, how many commercial disputes arise when the performance of the contract. The dispute begins when the parties have a different understanding of the statement that they use in the contract. Indeed, businesses are very familiar with the business processes that they do, but at the …

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An Effective Supervision Model Of A Standard Clause For Consumer Protection In The Business Transactions, M. Syamsudin, M. Bekti Hendrie Anto, M. Nur Laili Dwi Kurniyanto, Intan Puspitasari Jan 2025

An Effective Supervision Model Of A Standard Clause For Consumer Protection In The Business Transactions, M. Syamsudin, M. Bekti Hendrie Anto, M. Nur Laili Dwi Kurniyanto, Intan Puspitasari

Hasanuddin Law Review

This research aims to form an effective supervision model of a standard clause to protect consumer’s rights and interests. This study answers the questions the effectiveness of a standard clause supervision carried out by Otoritas Jasa Keuangan [Financial Services Authority (OJK)] and Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen [Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK)]; effective supervision model of a standard clause which can protect the rights and interest of the consumer. The object of this study are OJK and BPSK as a supervision of a standard clause. The result of this research shows that the supervision of standard clause done by those institutions …

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What Constitutes As Limitation Of (Human) Rights In Indonesian Legal Context?, Anbar Jayadi Jan 2025

What Constitutes As Limitation Of (Human) Rights In Indonesian Legal Context?, Anbar Jayadi

Hasanuddin Law Review

This article reviews the interpretation of the Constitutional Court (the Court) on the Article 28J paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution by looking into the rulings related to the Information and Electronic Transaction Law. These rulings are chosen because, in those rulings, tensions between individual and public interest are apparent. For example, the tension between the right to privacy and freedom of expression, and the tensions between freedom of expression and public order. The rulings that will be studied in this writing are Ruling No. 50/PUU-VI/2008, Ruling No. 2/PUU-VII/2009, Ruling No. 5/PUU-VIII/2010, Ruling No. 52/PUU-XI/2013, and Ruling No. 20/PUU-XIV/2016. In …

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Legal Policy Of Interfaith Marriage In Indonesia, Fathol Hedi, Abdul Ghofur Anshori, Harun Harun Jan 2025

Legal Policy Of Interfaith Marriage In Indonesia, Fathol Hedi, Abdul Ghofur Anshori, Harun Harun

Hasanuddin Law Review

Marriage is not just a bond between men and women, but the inner bond between a man and a woman based on the One and Only God. This research was a philosophical normative, thus the approaches used were philosophical, normative, and historical. Besides, a qualitative-descriptive strategy was used in finding a depth description of the law politics of interfaith marriage regulation in Indonesia based on the the 1974 Marriage Law. The results show that the interfaith marriage is not regulated in the 1974 Marriage Law, because: First, the rejection of the majority of Muslims and the faction in Parliament because …

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Customary Law Of Larwul Ngabal In The Implementation Of Regional Autonomy In North Moluccas, Rosdalina Bukido, Nam Rumkel, Ismail Suardi Wekke, Elin Palm Jan 2025

Customary Law Of Larwul Ngabal In The Implementation Of Regional Autonomy In North Moluccas, Rosdalina Bukido, Nam Rumkel, Ismail Suardi Wekke, Elin Palm

Hasanuddin Law Review

The Kei Islands of Southeast Moluccas, like other parts of Indonesia, have a customary order and cultural diversity. The values of local wisdom existing in the Kei community, which is contained in the customary law of Larwul Ngabal, is a very important cultural social capital in the social integration of its society. The type of study was an empirical research with sociological-anthropological juridical approach. The results show that the existence of customary law of Larwul Ngabal supports the implementation of regional autonomy with full authority and reinforcement in local regulations based on local wisdom in Kei Island. The dominant factors …

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Government Policies For Food Sovereignty: Disjunction Between Ideality And Reality, Fitrinela Patonangi, Aminuddin Ilmar, Irwansyah Irwansyah, Iin Karita Sakharina Jan 2025

Government Policies For Food Sovereignty: Disjunction Between Ideality And Reality, Fitrinela Patonangi, Aminuddin Ilmar, Irwansyah Irwansyah, Iin Karita Sakharina

Hasanuddin Law Review

The conceptualizes food security and food sovereignty as fluid and changing discourses that define the problem of hunger. The discursive geohistories of food security and food sovereignty in order to identify oppositions and relationalities between them. I argue that the interpretations of, and relations between, food security and food sovereignty vary by geography and scale, as well as by the conceptual and theoretical differences within the discourses themselves. When and where these discourses develop and emerge is central to understanding their oppositions and convergences. How scale is constructed within particular discourses is also important to understanding how they co-exist relationally …

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The Marrakesh Treaty And Facilitating Access To Literary Works In The Field Of Knowledge For Blind People, Kholis Rroisah, Wendy Budiati Rakhmi Jan 2025

The Marrakesh Treaty And Facilitating Access To Literary Works In The Field Of Knowledge For Blind People, Kholis Rroisah, Wendy Budiati Rakhmi

Hasanuddin Law Review

Freedom to gain knowledge, information and technology is very important by everyone including blind people which one realized the right of access to literary works through the Marrakesh Treaty 2013. Regulation about facilitating access to copyright of published works for blind people in Indonesia is still considered inadequate to give protection in the implementation of freedom to gain knowledge. This study applied normative juridical approach described descriptive-analytically. Accessibility to the scientific work of the blind people is a part of human rights which must be respected, protected and fulfilled by the State. The Government has an important role in the …

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Village Autonomy: The Main Road To Fulfill Right To Water, Ardhiwinda Kusumaputra, Indra Perwira, Ida Nurlinda Jan 2025

Village Autonomy: The Main Road To Fulfill Right To Water, Ardhiwinda Kusumaputra, Indra Perwira, Ida Nurlinda

Hasanuddin Law Review

Water resources are common resources that affect the livelihood of many people. Its management should be oriented towards the rights fulfillment to water for the community. However, the management of water resources still shows inconsistency. This results in uncertainty in the rights fulfillment to water for the community. Therefore, a reform in water resources management is needed. Village autonomy can be the foundation for a more community-oriented water rights management, since it contains independence and community initiatives. This research aimed at finding a precise and clear concept in the management of water resources based on village autonomy. This research was …

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Community Participation Arrangements To Prevent Illegal Drilling, Iza Rumesten, R.S., Febrian Febrian, Helmanida Helmanida, Agus Ngadino Jan 2025

Community Participation Arrangements To Prevent Illegal Drilling, Iza Rumesten, R.S., Febrian Febrian, Helmanida Helmanida, Agus Ngadino

Hasanuddin Law Review

The practice of illegal drilling does not only result in destruction for to the environment, but also result in the social gap, national losses, and people’s lives. It happens to illegal drilling conducted manually using traditional equipment and less operational standard. This illegal drilling may happen because ineffective law applied and no regulation on social participation in the Law of oil and natural gas. This research uses the normative method, the result of research is analyzed qualitatively. The research showed that the active social participation was needed in environmental law enforcement to prevent a great number of illegal drilling practice, …

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Implication Of Regulation Authorities On The Efforts To Accelerate The Eradication Of Corruption, Sukmareni Sukmareni, Elwi Danil, Ismansyah Ismansyah, Zainul Daulay Jan 2025

Implication Of Regulation Authorities On The Efforts To Accelerate The Eradication Of Corruption, Sukmareni Sukmareni, Elwi Danil, Ismansyah Ismansyah, Zainul Daulay

Hasanuddin Law Review

Investigation of corruption, as an extra ordinary crime is granted to the three institutions, namely the Police, Attorney General and the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). The granting of authority to these three institutions aims to accelerate the eradication of corruption, not only detrimental to the finances and the economy of the country but has damaged the joints of life of the nation and state. The research is descriptive and uses a normative juridical approach. Aiming to find out, and analyze qualitatively the implications of regulating investigative authority over the eradication of corruption in Indonesia. The study found that all …

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Lessons Learned From The British Exit From The European Union For Indonesia And The Asean Economic Community, Rahmi Jened, Betharia Noor Indahsari Jan 2025

Lessons Learned From The British Exit From The European Union For Indonesia And The Asean Economic Community, Rahmi Jened, Betharia Noor Indahsari

Hasanuddin Law Review

A soft Brexit scenario will include an implementation period from the day the UK formally leaves the EU to 31 December 2020. During the implementation period, the UK will continue to be functionally treated as an EU member state and remain a party to EU international agreement. Associated with the ASEAN single market, should be considered the readiness of Indonesian regulations and legislations that in sectorial concerns at least three aforementioned legal instruments to be harmonized with the laws of the ASEAN countries. Important findings were shown by the research from the perspectives of business law, especially, capital investment law, …

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The Right Of Privacy And Freedom Of The Press: The Concept Of Legal Justice In Indonesia, Abdul Haris Nasution Jan 2025

The Right Of Privacy And Freedom Of The Press: The Concept Of Legal Justice In Indonesia, Abdul Haris Nasution

Hasanuddin Law Review

This study aims to describe the problems faced by the party who feels aggrieved or impaired by his personal rights due to media coverage. The dilemma arises because based on the legal system of the press, the media are given protection from lawsuits. This is to guarantee the position of freedom of the press in a democratic system. However, the impact that has been caused due to defamation cannot be resolved simply by using the right of reply. This study aims to explore how legal mechanisms provide justice for victims due to media behavior in line with the principle of …

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The Arrangement Of Investment Policy For The Protection Of Indigenous People’S Rights, Filep Wamafma, Andi Pangerang Moenta, Farida Patittingi, Achmad Ruslan Jan 2025

The Arrangement Of Investment Policy For The Protection Of Indigenous People’S Rights, Filep Wamafma, Andi Pangerang Moenta, Farida Patittingi, Achmad Ruslan

Hasanuddin Law Review

The investment law policies have a positive influence on the interests and welfare of all Indonesian people. However, many legal problems arise due to overlapping regulations both at the central and regional government levels, and also in term of the implementation of decentralization. The results show that the arrangement of investment policy in West Papua against the recognition and respect for Papua indigenous people's rights are still limited to universal policies. Nationally, the policy has not clearly revealed how the form of recognition and respect for the rights of indigenous peoples and/or Papuan indigenous peoples rights related to the presence …

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Arbitration: Understanding It In Theory And Indonesian Practice, Maskun Maskun, Achmad Achmad, Naswar Naswar, Fauziah P. Bakti, Amaliyah Amaliyah Jan 2025

Arbitration: Understanding It In Theory And Indonesian Practice, Maskun Maskun, Achmad Achmad, Naswar Naswar, Fauziah P. Bakti, Amaliyah Amaliyah

Hasanuddin Law Review

Cross-border transactions have always attracted legal risks. Cross-border legal issues are emerging as a separate area of commercial risk that needs to be more precisely identified and better managed. Many cases of injury to multinational companies which would formerly have been pursued as a diplomatic claim by the nation state of the company are now resolved by arbitration between the company and the respondent state. Arbitration is one of dispute settlement bodies to resolve some issues particular trade, business, investment, and financial issues. Those issues are shaping the range and significance of the cross-border legal issue. Those issues also become …

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Problematic Policy: Environmental Impacts Of Traditional Mining In Papua, Hotlan Samosir Jan 2025

Problematic Policy: Environmental Impacts Of Traditional Mining In Papua, Hotlan Samosir

Hasanuddin Law Review

Mining without permits has changed land cover in the mining area. The activities of people mining without permits have violated the principle of sustainable development, where the economic aspects take precedence over ecological and social aspects. The research is a normative-legal research using a statute, case and conceptual approaches. The research conducted in Nabire Regency, Papua, Indonesia. The results show that The activities of gold mining in Nabire regency which have been going on for decades have not been well-organized. The implementation of people mining has caused environmental damage, especially in the mining area. The environmental damage due to the …

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The Values Of Pancasila In Electronic Banking Agreement, Andi Tenri Famauri Jan 2025

The Values Of Pancasila In Electronic Banking Agreement, Andi Tenri Famauri

Hasanuddin Law Review

Pancasila as a state’s foundation (philosophische grondslag), its values have exist, inherent and predicted in daily life as a way of life; therefore the material of Pancasila in the form of these values is the Indonesian Nation itself. The research is a normative-legal research. The research approach uses a statute, historical and conceptual approaches. The results show that Pancasila as the State’s foundation (Philosophische Grondslag) is universal and open, especially in the life of nation; it can be used in all aspects of life. Changes in banking activities, from conventional to electronic banking (e-banking) cannot be avoided again. The elements …

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The Constitutional Interpretation On The Natural Resource: Originalist Vs Non-Originalist Interpretation, Herdiansyah Hamzah Jan 2025

The Constitutional Interpretation On The Natural Resource: Originalist Vs Non-Originalist Interpretation, Herdiansyah Hamzah

Hasanuddin Law Review

Judges served in constitutional court have freedom to utilize and elaborate constitutional interpretation method used to examine the law of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia year 1945 in accordance to their own understanding. Not only that the constitutional interpretation was not regulated in positive law, judges also have independency in making new law discovery (rechtsvinding). Therefore, the interpretation method used by judges in the constitution court is basically determined by each case displayed at the moment. It means that the future of constitutional interpretation regulated by the judges in constitutional court is depending on the lawsuit reported in …

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Digital Assets: The Idea Of Indonesian Property Law Reform And Its Potential As A Collateral Object, Teguh Tresna Puja Asmara, Lastuti Abubakar, Tri Handayani Jan 2025

Digital Assets: The Idea Of Indonesian Property Law Reform And Its Potential As A Collateral Object, Teguh Tresna Puja Asmara, Lastuti Abubakar, Tri Handayani

Hasanuddin Law Review

Digital assets in the broadest sense can be interpreted to cover all electronic assets including social media accounts. Nowadays, besides being used to interaction, social media accounts can also be utilized to gain income or material benefits. In addition, social media accounts are generally handled by influencers with abundant followers. One of the social media used by influencers on the internet is YouTube. The social media actors on YouTube are referred to as YouTubers or content creators. This research is a normative juridical legal research with the descriptive method of analysis. The result of the study shows that YouTube accounts …

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Upholding The Impartiality Of Judges In Judicial Systems, Agus Nurudin Jan 2025

Upholding The Impartiality Of Judges In Judicial Systems, Agus Nurudin

Hasanuddin Law Review

Free and impartial justice is a characteristic and ideal of a constitutional State. In societies with a free and open judiciary system, individuals are permitted to challenge a judge's verdict, ability to remain impartial, and conduct. This article a doctrinal research with statute, comparative, and conceptual approaches. Meanwhile, data were analyzed descriptively, consisting of quotes. The results show that impartiality legal process (free from pressure, both physical and psychological and impartial) is a characteristic of a constitutional State. In the criminal justice system has received a full principle of free and impartial justice. At the lowest level, this principle in …

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The Space Rush: Reviewing Indonesia’S Space Law In Facing The Rise Of Space Mining, Shannon Suryaatmadja, Vicia Sacharissa, Konrardus Elias Liat Tedemaking Jan 2025

The Space Rush: Reviewing Indonesia’S Space Law In Facing The Rise Of Space Mining, Shannon Suryaatmadja, Vicia Sacharissa, Konrardus Elias Liat Tedemaking

Hasanuddin Law Review

Space technology development shows feasibility of actualizing future space mining. There are numerous efforts to utilize resources from celestial bodies; whether as fuel, an alternative source for scarce minerals, or as an in-situ support for future human habitation in outer space. This article identifies potential clashes between ongoing space mining practices and the interests of developing nations. The main concern is accessibility: will the race to dominate space mining leave no room for non-space faring nations to utilize space resources, or even access potential space mining locations? The current international space law has several loopholes such as the absence of …

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Animal Welfare And Covid-19 In Indonesia: A Neglected Legal Issue, Myrna Asnawati Safitri, Firman Firman Jan 2025

Animal Welfare And Covid-19 In Indonesia: A Neglected Legal Issue, Myrna Asnawati Safitri, Firman Firman

Hasanuddin Law Review

The Covid-19 pandemic currently infecting the world population comes from the Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) transmitted initially from animals to humans, then between humans. This disease is referred to as zoonosis. Covid-19 discourse is generally about zoonotic transmission from animals to humans. Not much attention has been given to the potential transmission from humans to animals. In several countries, cases indicating the exposures of animals with the Coronavirus have been found. Thus, a discussion on the vulnerability of exposure to animals with the Coronavirus is significant to scientifically discussed. Unfortunately, concerns about this problem are still voiced by the mass media. Limited …

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