Digital Commons Network^™

Do We Really Want Retired U.S. Supreme Court Justices Practicing Law? A Public Policy Critique To U.S.Supreme Court Term Limits, Michael J. Broyde, Hayden H. Hall

Akron Law Review

Debate over imposing term limits on U.S. Supreme Court Justices has intensified in recent years, with proposals emphasizing potential benefits for judicial independence, ideological balance, and the confirmation process. Yet, much of the scholarly and political discourse has overlooked a significant and underexamined consequence: the post-judicial careers of justices whose service ends well before traditional retirement age. This Article addresses that gap by analyzing the strong likelihood—based on historical patterns from other courts without life tenure—that former Justices would reenter the legal profession, particularly in highly compensated private practice roles. We argue that this prospect raises profound ethical, institutional, and …

Context-Aware Data Extraction And Transfer Via Visual Selection And Intelligent Field Mapping, Raviteja Govindaraju, Ramprasad Sedouram

Defensive Publications Series

Data transfer between applications often requires manual entry when source content is contained within images or non-selectable document formats. Manually populating multiple form fields by switching between applications is inefficient and increases the likelihood of input errors. Existing selection tools are generally limited to single-item lookups or basic text copying, which fails to capture structured relationships between data points.

A method is disclosed for context-aware data extraction and field mapping. A visual selection gesture is used to identify a region of interest on a display. Structured data is extracted from the selection using optical character recognition and semantic analysis. When …

Five Students Win Mcgrath Awards For Research In Catholic Intellectual Traditions, Devin Chivers

College of Arts and Sciences Newsroom

The McGrath Award recognizes students whose research in a Common Academic Program course demonstrates engagement with Catholic Intellectual Traditions.

Human Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation Into Brain-Like Endothelial Cells, Yomna Soliman, Güli̇n Baran, Nur Mustafaoğlu

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), which constitute the blood–brain barrier (BBB), are essential for maintaining central nervous system homeostasis. Like BMECs, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) originate from the mesodermal lineage. Thus, MSCs may serve as a direct and efficient cellular source for BMEC-like differentiation. Notably, differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into BMECs typically involves a 2-step protocol: inducing mesodermal commitment followed by endothelial specification. In contrast, direct differentiation from MSCs could bypass the initial mesodermal induction step, offering a streamlined alternative. This study tested a novel strategy for differentiating MSCs into brain-like endothelial cells (BLECs), …

Expanding A Culture Of Caring In Today's Challenging Healthcare Environment, Patricia Ann Blaney, Heike Miriam Doody

Creating Healthy Work Environments (CHWE)

The Covid 19 impact survey, reflected the top reasons for nurses leaving the profession were burnout and well-being (American Nurses Foundation, 2022). Additionally, the American Nurses Foundation’s Three-Year Annual Assessment Survey, nurses are still feeling stressed, exhausted, and nurses with less than 10 years’ experience stated they are either not or not at all emotionally healthy (2023). This is an alarming concern for all healthcare leaders as staff well-being has become a priority. Poor patient and quality outcomes are associated with organizations that have high turnover rates, nurse burnout, and low engagement (Scruth & Allen, 2022). Organizations need to not …

A Capability Maturity Model For Artificial Intelligence Integration In Supply Chain Management, Lordt Becklines

Dissertations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming Supply Chain Management (SCM), yet many organizations struggle to assess their readiness for AI adoption and to understand how AI capabilities develop across maturity stages. This dissertation addresses this gap by developing a Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for AI integration in SCM, grounded in Organizational Information Processing Theory (OIPT), the Resource-Based View, and related capability frameworks. The model provides a structured approach for evaluating an organization's information-processing requirements, resource configurations, and alignment needed for effective AI-enabled supply chain operations.

Using a design science research approach, the AI-SCM CMM and its associated assessment instrument were derived …

Non-Glycosylated, Legumain-Cleavable Isacs Drive Potent Anti-Tumor Immunotherapy Via A Bystander Effect, Anqi Zhang, Mohan Reddy Mullapudi, Lina Wu, Michele Yi, Mohammad Asikur Rahman, Aiman A. Yaseen, H Kayla Zhong, Tracy A. Brooks, L Nathan Tumey

Pharmacy Faculty Scholarship

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal form of pancreatic cancer, with poor prognosis driven by late diagnosis, therapeutic resistance, and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Interactions between tumor cells and immune cells promote immune evasion and tumor progression, limiting the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and other immunotherapies. Given the high expression of trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) in PDAC, we developed a TROP2-targeted Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist (E104) designed for selective accumulation within the tumor microenvironment to activate antitumor immunity. Although antibody bioactivity is traditionally linked to Fcγ receptor (FcγR) engagement and recruitment of effector cells, …

Structure–Activity Modeling And Hybrid Machine Learning-Based Prediction Of Bioactivity In Pyrazole Derivatives For Drug Discovery Applications, Kader Şahi̇n, Serhat Kiliçarslan, Serdar Durdaği, Emi̇n Saripinar

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Pyrazole derivatives are of growing interest due to their diverse pharmacological activities. However, their biological activity is often highly sensitive to subtle structural modifications. Existing quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR) approaches frequently fail to capture the conformational flexibility and nonlinear structure–activity relationships (SAR) of such heterocyclic scaffolds, creating a gap in the accurate prediction of their biological profiles. Therefore, there is a strong need for more robust and predictive computational frameworks. This study addresses this gap by integrating four-dimensional (4D)-QSAR descriptors with hybrid machine learning (ML) techniques to improve predictive accuracy and provide a more reliable tool for structure-based drug …

February 23 Elections, Census & Redistricting Update, Jeffrey M. Wice

Elections, Census & Redistricting Updates

No abstract provided.

The Association Between Leptin And Asprosin Levels In Men Patients With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Duha Qahtan Bakr, Ahmed Y. Abed

Baghdad Science Journal

Leptin and Asprosin are adipokines secreted by Adipose tissue. The leptin and asprosin molecules have a number of functions in the central nervous system and other body systems: appetite, glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, and cellular death. The point of this study is to know the potential relationship between leptin and asprosin hormone in men patients with type II diabetes mellitus. The present study was designed to conduct a comparative analysis of several essential biomarkers found in the sera of individuals with diabetes via estimating Leptin, Asprosin, Fasting blood Glucose, HbA1c, Body Mass Index, lipid profile as well as liver function …

Ft-Mir Spectra Of Fructose And Glutamine-Based Edible Polymer, Ghassan Faisal Mohsin

Baghdad Science Journal

The Maillard mechanism frequently gives numerous varieties of food a distinctive flavor and visually appealing hue. The Maillard reaction (MR) is additionally referred to as the non-enzymatic glycosylation, and MR contain a variety of chemical compounds, including precursors for the brown hue generated in the Maillard reaction and compounds that eventually form melanoidins, which are brown that develop into dark-colored hue nitrogenous polymer molecules. Melanoidin polymer was synthesized by integrating L-glutamine and D-fructose and then scorching the resulting mixture at 130 °C for 20 minutes. Additionally, dialysis was conducted to eliminate low molecular weight fractions. The utilization of Fourier Transform …

Green Synthesis And Characterization Of Prepared Copper Iodide (Cui) Nanoparticles Using Red Cabbage Extract, A. S. Abd-Alsada, Zainab J. Shanan, Aqel Mashot Jafar

Baghdad Science Journal

Copper iodide nanoparticles, CuI NPs, are one of the promising materials for use in many electronic applications. In this work, transparent CuI nanoparticles were prepared by the green force synthesis, which was done by red cabbage extract used not only as a reduction but also as a capping agent to reduce the toxicity in the preparation of CuI nanostructures. The structural properties were investigated by the X-ray diffraction analysis technique, XRD. The X-ray analysis shows the structure has a polycrystalline nature with a cubic phase and appears to have a preferential orientation direction along the (111) plane. Atomic force microscopy …

Clinician Tele-Mental Health Attitudes In North American Indigenous Communities, Elleh A. Driscoll, Justin Douglas Mcdonald

Journal of Indigenous Research

This study examined mental health clinicians (n=104) serving North American Indigenous clients and how tele-mental health (TMH) factors during and after the COVID-19 pandemic impacted future willingness to continue TMH. Results indicated predictors of future TMH usage were not statistically significant due to the high baseline of willingness to utilize TMH, regardless of factors. The goal of this study was to investigate awareness of clinician attitudes of TMH and promote continued research and training for tele-mental health care with Indigenous populations.

Simulating Cyber-Resilience: The Strategic Role Of The Locked Shields Exercise In Enhancing International Cyber Preparedness, Christopher A. Ramezan, Ludwig Christian Schaupp, Elizabeth A. Vitullo, William J. Walker

Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice

As cyberthreats to critical infrastructure remain prevalent, national response mechanisms must evolve beyond the technical domain to incorporate legal, communicative, strategic, and cross-sector coordination. This work explores Locked Shields, an annual exercise conducted by NATO's Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence, as a pedagogical and conceptual framework for simulating whole-of-government responses to cyber incidents. Unlike traditional cyber exercises, Locked Shields engages legal advisors, media strategists, and civil-military roles in realistic, scenario-driven simulations that portray the political and operational conditions of a real international-scale cyber crisis. We detail the exercise architecture, contrast with other cyber exercises, and assess its pedagogical and …

Quenching-Based Electrochemiluminescence Detection Of Chlorpyrifos Using A Portable Sensor Platform, Emre Dokuzparmak

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate pesticide extensively used in agriculture, posing significant threats to human health due to its neurotoxic effects. Its presence in food products has raised considerable public health concerns, necessitating the development of rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection methods. This study aims to design and validate an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor platform operating via a quenching-based mechanism to enable ultrasensitive detection of CPF in food matrices.

Materials and methods: The sensing strategy exploits the coreactant mechanism between 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) and [Ru(bpy)₃]²+ (tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)), wherein CPF suppresses the ECL emission by interfering with the excited-state electron transfer pathway. The …

Investigation Of Antimicrobial Synergism Of Actinomycin Derivatives From Streptomyces Parvus 35m1 Against Escherichia Coli Atcc 25922, Özge Can, Mustafa Ünver Kurt, Meli̇s Küçüksolak, Ataç Uzel, Erdal Bedi̇r

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Limited drug development and increased antibiotic tolerance among Gram-negative bacteria have led researchers to consider combination therapy. Actinomycin derivatives, particularly actinomycin D, exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, including antibacterial effects. However, actinomycin D is less effective against Gram-negative pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to demonstrate the synergy of actinomycin D and its derivatives with clinically known antibiotics against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and investigate the effects on cellular morphology.

Materials and methods: Streptomyces parvus 35M1 isolated from coastal sediment in İzmir/Türkiye was identified via genome sequencing. Large-scale (30 L) fermentation followed by chromatographic purification yielded compounds 1 (actinomycin …

Transcriptomic Identification And Developmental Mapping Of Nrg3b Expression In Zebrafish, Elham Tarahomi, Nuray Soğünmez Erdoğan

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: Neuregulin 3 (NRG3) is an epidermal growth factor-like ligand that is involved in neuronal circuit formation in mammals. However, the expression profile of its zebrafish ortholog, nrg3b, remains poorly defined. The transcriptomic analyses of zebrafish sco-spondin mutants, which display alterations in their neurodevelopmental pathways, have indicated potential dysregulation of Nrg3b. Guided by these insights, this study aimed to characterize the temporal and spatial expression patterns of nrg3b in vivo in embryonic and adult zebrafish.

Materials and methods: Publicly available RNA-seq data from heterozygous and maternal-zygotic zebrafish sco-spondin mutants at 5, 15, and 30 days postfertilization (dpf) were analyzed to …

Biological Evaluation Of Novel 6,9-Disubstituted Purine Analogues In High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines, Duygu Altiparmak, Deren Demi̇rel Yavuz, Pinar Kul Karadeni̇zli̇, İrem Durmaz Şahi̇n, Meral Tunçbi̇lek

Turkish Journal of Biology

Background/aim: High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains one of the most aggressive forms of ovarian malignancy and frequently shows resistance to conventional therapies. This study aimed to synthesize a novel series of purine analogues, 6-[(4-substituted benzyl amine)/(4-substituted aniline)]-9-cyclopentyl purines, and evaluate their anticancer efficacy against HGSOC cell lines.

Materials and methods: We assessed the biological effects of the synthesized purine analogues on the OVCAR3, OVSAHO, and KURAMOCHI HGSOC cell lines using the sulforhodamine B assay. To investigate the mechanism of action, we conducted flow cytometry and western blot analyses, focusing on DNA replication and apoptosis.

Results: Among the tested compounds, …

Digital Competence Of Primary School Teachers In Andalusia (Spain): A Multidimensional Analysis Based On Self-Perceptions, Francisco Ábalos-Aguilera, Luis M. Romero-Rodríguez, Bárbara Mercedes Castillo Abdul Hadi

Artículos científicos

This study analyzes the self-perception of digital teaching competence (DTC) among primary education teachers in Andalusia, using an instrument based on the European DigCompEdu framework. Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire applied to a sample of 416 primary education teachers working in Andalusia. The study employed a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative analyses (descriptive, correlational, and comparative) with qualitative analysis of open-ended responses. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research assesses teachers’ competence levels and examines differences according to professional experience, school ownership, teaching specialization, and territorial distribution. Results indicate that most teachers perceive themselves at intermediate levels of digital …

Shifting Focus: Youth Sports And Mental Health, Tara Boer

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Ultimately, athletes should be encouraged to develop their identity holistically. They are athletes, but they are first and foremost children of the King."

Posting about protecting mental health while participating in sports from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Shifting Focus

The Echo: February 23, 2026, Taylor University

2025-2026 (Volume 113)

No abstract provided.

Synergistic Effect Of Different Ions And Hexadecyltrimethylammonium Bromide On Wettability Alteration For Carbonate Rock, Rafal S. Abdullah, Hussein Q. Hussein, Rana R. Jali

Baghdad Science Journal

Naturally carbonate reservoirs have very low oil recovery efficiency owing to their wettability and tightness of matrix. However, adding surfactant to brine solution can enhance oil recovery by changing the wettability of the carbonate rock surface from oil-wet to water-wet. In the present study, the effects of different brines in the presence of surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), on the wettability of carbonate rock were investigated through different characteristics such as surface tension interfacial tension and contact angle. The best concentration of CTAB was investigated at 500 ppm in brine (NaCl) reduced surface tension and interfacial tensions to 42 mN/m and …

Population Satisfaction Indicators Of The Quality-Of-Life Standards During The Work Trip (A Case Study Of The Cities Of Minia And New Minia), Shimaa Mohammed Hamdy Derbala, Amna Waz Amgad Ali

Mansoura Engineering Journal

The research examined the indicators of population satisfaction with the quality of life during work trips in the cities of Minia and New Minia, in relation to the problem of low urban communication between the two cities and the continued dependence of debtors on each other to provide employment opportunities. The research examined previous studies linking the quality of life of work trips to the environmental, social and psychological aspects of the movement and economy, A questionnaire was designed for a sample of the population (388 individuals) to assess the residents' impression of the quality of life during their work …

Improving Rural Health Through Nutrition Incentives: A Mixed Methods Evaluation Of The First Year Of The Appalachian Farmacy Program, Bethesda O'Connell, Harrison Ihrig, Andrea D Nutsugah, Ignacio Garcia, Michael Rice, Ashley Cavender

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Food insecurity remains a critical public health concern, particularly in rural, low-income communities. In 2023, 13.5% of United States households experienced food insecurity, with rates in Tennessee (15.6%) exceeding the national average. Produce prescription programs have emerged as a strategy to improve food access and promote healthier eating behaviors. This study presents an evaluation of Appalachian Farmacy, a produce prescription program in Northeast Tennessee designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption among individuals receiving Medicaid, Medicare, or Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Program evaluation methods included semi-structured interviews for process evaluation and pre- and post-surveys for outcome evaluation. Interviews …

Ndls Communicator: Week Of 02.23.26, Notre Dame Law School

NDLS Communicator

The Latest News

• Notre Dame's mission to Mexico: Defending the most vulnerable Notre Dame Law School's Black Law Students Association Brings Community Together for Inaugural Black History Month Spirit Week

Student News

• Ángel Muñoz Carpintero
• Aashiyana Adhikari

Faculty Briefs

• Christian Burset
• Jimmy Gurulé
• Emily Bremer
• Derek Muller
• Paolo Carozza
• Diane Desierto
• Paul Miller
• Jeff Pojanowski
• Sadie Blanchard
• Christina Jones

Events

• Law & Technology Seminar: Amnon Reichman, Professor of Law and Director of the Center for Cyber Law & Policy at the University of Haifa
• Law & Economics Workshop: Avishalom Tor The Coherent Arbitrariness of Punishment
• Faculty Colloquium - Haley Proctor …

Determination Of Mebeverine – Hcl Using 3, 5–Dinitrosalicylic Acid And Multiple Continuous Flow Cell That Works As A Solo Flow Cell With 4s×3 – 3d Analyzer, Elham N. Mezaal, Nagam S. Turkey

Baghdad Science Journal

A new method, simple and sensitive was utilized in determining mebeverine – HCl (MB-HCl) (3, 4-Dimethoxy benzoic acid ethyl 2, 4 methoxy4-phenyl-1-methyl ethyl amino-butyl ester) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations via utilization this multiple continuous flow cell. The method is dependent on genesis for complex of ion pair(4-((3, 4-dimethoxybenzoyl) oxy)-N-ethyl-N-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl) propan-2-yl) butan-1-aminium-2-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrobenzoate) among mebeverine–HCl (MB-HCl) and 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (3,5-DNSA) in ammonium acetate middle to configure a whiteish yellow precipitate compound via utilizing multiple continuous flow cell that works as a solo flow cell with 4S×3 – 3D analyzer. Optimum parameters were studied to raise the sensitivity for improving the method. …

The Rider (2026-02-23), Daniela Chapa-Reyes

The Rider Archives

Vol. 11, No. 20

Short-Term Spark Or Long-Term Flame? Sustaining Academic Psychiatric Departments, Rohit Shankar, Richard Laugharne, Derek K. Tracy, Dinesh Bhugra

Peninsula Medical School

SummaryOver the past two decades, the number of academic psychiatrists in the UK has declined by more than a third, despite an expansion in medical schools and growth in most other medical academic specialties. Drawing on direct experience of establishing a new academic unit, we argue that the long-term sustainability of academic psychiatry departments is critical for service quality, innovation and talent development. This paper outlines the structural, cultural and strategic factors needed to create academic units that endure and flourish beyond individual careers, enabling better integration of research and clinical practice.

Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, And Photostability Studies Of A New Ligand Derivative Of 4-Bromobenzaldehyde And Its Metal Complexes, Enass J. Waheed, Ali Mudher Abdulkareem, Ibtisam Khalifa Jassim

Baghdad Science Journal

The new Schiff base ligand (L_B) was synthesized by reacting precursor (P) with 4-bromobenzaldehyde. This ligand formed three new complexes: [Pd(L_B)(H₂O)₂]Cl₂ (square planar) and [M(L_B)(H₂O)₂Cl₂].mCl₂ (octahedral), where m=0 for Co⁺² and 1 for Pt⁺⁴, upon reaction with the respective metal ions. Characterization of the ligand (L_B) and its metal complexes involved various techniques including ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, CHNS analysis, and molar conductivity. The photo-stabilization of polymers aims to mitigate …

A New Prospective Of Colistin Resistance Profile Of Some Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Iraqi Wound Fractured Foot, Zahraa M. Fadhil, Halah H Al-Haideri

Baghdad Science Journal

Sulbactam belongs to β-lactamase inhibitors that are more commonly used for Gram-negative bacteria than Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, nine different species of Staphylococcus (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S.hominis, S. lentus, S. pseudintermedius, S. lugdunensis, S. haemolyticus, S. sciuri , and S. warneri. were isolated from wounded-fractured feet of Iraqi patients. The spectrum of activity of sulbactam and colistin against all isolates was evaluated. Surprisingly, among S. aureus isolates, 5 (12) isolates were sensitive to colistin, whereas, all bacterial isolates were completely resistant to sulbactam. Here, our study revealed that combining …