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New S-Box Design For Image Encryption Based On Multi-Chaotic System, Azhaar Abdallah, Alaa Farhan Mar 2026

New S-Box Design For Image Encryption Based On Multi-Chaotic System, Azhaar Abdallah, Alaa Farhan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Image encryption is a crucial area for researchers in information security, which protects digital images from unauthorized access. This paper proposes a novel image encryption scheme based on the multi-chaotic system. This paper is about encrypting color images based on a 2D Henon map and a 3D Lorenz map. We used the 2D Henon map equation to generate a new S-Box, thus creating a solid cipher that is difficult to break (for the confusion operation). We then generate keys from the 3D Lorenz map for the shifting process (for diffusion operation). A comparative analysis and the simulation test show that …

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Servo And Regulatory Response Of An Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking (Fcc) Unit Under Fuzzy Logic Supervisory Control, Princewill Josiah, Ipeghan Otaraku, Benson Evbuomwan Mar 2026

Servo And Regulatory Response Of An Industrial Fluid Catalytic Cracking (Fcc) Unit Under Fuzzy Logic Supervisory Control, Princewill Josiah, Ipeghan Otaraku, Benson Evbuomwan

Engineering and Technology Journal

A self-tuning hierarchical controller in which a Fuzzy logic controller supervises the control actions of a conventional PID has been proposed, implemented and presented in this paper. The controller has been applied to a control study of Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit (FCCU) riser temperature, and regenerator temperature respectively. Comparison between the performance of the proposed Fuzzy-PID controller and the conventional PID was made in simulation studies of regulatory and servo performances of the two controller types. Six performance measures: Percent overshoot (OS), settling time (ST), integral absolute error (IAE), integral square error (ISE), integral time absolute error (ITAE) and integral …

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Comparative Study Of Three Saw Configurations For Temperature Sensing, Serhane R., Belkhelfa N. Mar 2026

Comparative Study Of Three Saw Configurations For Temperature Sensing, Serhane R., Belkhelfa N.

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper demonstrates three SAW configurations' electrical and mechanical behaviors: a one-port resonator, a two-port resonator, and a delay line that works as temperature sensors of around 440 MHz characteristic frequencies. We investigate the sensitivity of the sensors for temperatures up to 200 °C. A linear behavior of the frequency shift versus temperature is observed; the resulting sensitivity of the sensors is evaluated at 22.74 ppm/°C for the one-port resonator, 23.17 for the two-port resonator, and 3.83 ns/°C for the delay line structure. The electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2) is 0.492 % for the delay line, 0.489 % for the one-port …

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Image Processing Evaluation Of Lsp Effect On The Corrosion Rate For The 304 Alloy, Raghad Salman, Razi Al-Azawi, A. Kadhim Mar 2026

Image Processing Evaluation Of Lsp Effect On The Corrosion Rate For The 304 Alloy, Raghad Salman, Razi Al-Azawi, A. Kadhim

Engineering and Technology Journal

The purpose of the study is to inhibit the corrosion rate using the (LSP) laser shock processing technology with an ND-YAG laser utilizing the Q-switched technique with a wavelength of 1046 nm for stainless steel 304 alloy. Laser shock processing (LSP) is a novel surface treatment approach for strengthening metal materials that use a high peak power, a brief pulse, and cold hardening. The laser parameters’ effect includes laser pulse energy and pulse repetition rate on the surface properties. The qualities of sample surfaces were investigated, including surface roughness and micro-hardness. The X-ray fluorescence technique was used to analyze the …

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Exploring The Effects Of A New Lifter Design And Ball Mill Speed On Grinding Performance And Particle Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis, Ali Safa, Sahraoui Aissat Mar 2026

Exploring The Effects Of A New Lifter Design And Ball Mill Speed On Grinding Performance And Particle Behaviour: A Comparative Analysis, Ali Safa, Sahraoui Aissat

Engineering and Technology Journal

Ball mills are the leading grinding equipment in the mineral processing industry. Balls are the primary component in the grinding of materials. Lifters lift these balls to the shoulder position before cataracts them to the toe position. Almost all classical theories do not consider the lifter's geometry in calculating the energy consumption of ball mills and focus only on the fill level of the charge, the lifter dimensions, their number, and the mill's rotational speed. To improve the ball mill's performance, a new shape of the lifters was proposed in the present research work. Simulation through the EDEM software and …

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Effect Of Cordierite Additions On Mechanical Properties Of Hydroxyapatite Used In Medical Applications, Zainab Kadhim, Fatima Al-Hassani, Emad Al-Hassani Mar 2026

Effect Of Cordierite Additions On Mechanical Properties Of Hydroxyapatite Used In Medical Applications, Zainab Kadhim, Fatima Al-Hassani, Emad Al-Hassani

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, a novel bioceramic material with improved mechanical properties was prepared to be consentient with the mechanical requirements of living bodies. Cordierite was synthesized via the sintering method at 1400 °C, based on a composition of 51.4% silica, 34.8% of alumina, and 13.8% magnesia. The composition of precursor materials was studied using wet chemical analysis. Three different compositions of the cordierite (30, 40, and 50 wt.%) were incorporated in hydroxyapatite and then sintered at 700, 900, and 1100 °C. To visualize the characteristics of all prepared materials, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were analyzed. The …

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Overview In Technical Synthesis And Applications Of Zr2ac (A= In, Sn, Pb, Al, S And Se) Max Phases: A Brief Review, Dumooa Hussein, Khalid Abbas, Ahmed Abdulkadhim Al-Ghaban Mar 2026

Overview In Technical Synthesis And Applications Of Zr2ac (A= In, Sn, Pb, Al, S And Se) Max Phases: A Brief Review, Dumooa Hussein, Khalid Abbas, Ahmed Abdulkadhim Al-Ghaban

Engineering and Technology Journal

Zr2AC MAX phases are ternary carbide family with layered structures combining of the outstanding characteristics of metals and ceramics. This review study provides an overview of Zr2AC MAX phase formation mechanisms, applications, and the correlation between Zr2AC MAX phase formation mechanisms and performance in applications such solar coatings, oxidation resistance, high temperature applications, and nuclear applications. Zr2InC MAX phase has low friction and wear materials that can be used for variety applications for significant technology such as electrical spinning connections and rotating bearings. More examples, the Zr2SnC MAX phase uses for self-healing of cracks and oxidation resistance. The Zr2PbC MAX …

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Martensitic Stainless Steel Brazing By Using Ag-Cu- Ti As Active Filler Metal Alloys, Salemah Muhammed, Fadhel Hashim, Ayad Hassan Mar 2026

Martensitic Stainless Steel Brazing By Using Ag-Cu- Ti As Active Filler Metal Alloys, Salemah Muhammed, Fadhel Hashim, Ayad Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Brazing fillers for joining applications are essential to advanced material design and fabrication. Several types of brazing fillers have been developed in recent decades to join similar or different engineering materials. Important parts of automotive and aircraft components, including steel, are often joined by brazing. In this study, Similar samples of martensitic stainless steel were welded by the brazing method, using effective silver-based metal alloys. The brazing welding is done in inert gas atmosphere furnaces, by placing the samples in a special container filled with argon gas during the welding period and at a flow rate (10 to 15 minutes) …

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A Sight Of View On Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Copper Oxide, Roaa Abaas, Evan Salim, Rana Mahdi Mar 2026

A Sight Of View On Hydrothermal Synthesis Of Copper Oxide, Roaa Abaas, Evan Salim, Rana Mahdi

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, attention was directed to the preparation of nano-copper oxide films and their multiple applications, where a group of recent researches were presented and compared to reach the optimal phase, then the optimal application, and finally the optimal values in the optimal application. Where the metal-oxides are significant technology used in device fabrication in electronic and chemical industries, due to their applications in advanced technologies, which have been attached to the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles. These materials present different properties depending on molecular structure. Copper oxide is used in a wide range of applications. The copper oxide …

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E-Voting System Based On Ethereum Blockchain Technology Using Ganache And Remix Environments, Hind Hassan, Rehab Hassan, Ekhlas Gbashi Mar 2026

E-Voting System Based On Ethereum Blockchain Technology Using Ganache And Remix Environments, Hind Hassan, Rehab Hassan, Ekhlas Gbashi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Abstract—In the second decade of the twenty-first century, blockchain is considered one of the most popular computer technologies. Blockchain is a zero-trust network, making it a potent tool for various services provided that people are ready to believe and invest in it. In the Ethereum world, the blockchain runs on smart contracts, self-executing applications that come at the cost of security. As technology is used increasingly, Election is facing new issues of trust and management. Therefore, E-voting systems are increasingly acceptable because they are more accurate, reliable, practical,6 and secure. This research purpose is to propose a decentralized elections application …

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Effect Of Subcritical Treatment (Tempering) On Hardness And Wear Of High Chromium White Cast Iron, Sahraoui Aissat, Ali Safa Mar 2026

Effect Of Subcritical Treatment (Tempering) On Hardness And Wear Of High Chromium White Cast Iron, Sahraoui Aissat, Ali Safa

Engineering and Technology Journal

High chromium white cast iron (HCWCI) is used in mining, crushing plants, as mill liners, and in the manufacture of grinding balls. The grinding ball is the essential element in fine fragmentation. It must have an excellent life to counter extreme wear and impact conditions that it undergoes. Hence it is important to improve its mechanical properties. This study aims to find the effect of tempering temperature on microstructure, hardness, and abrasive wear of High Chromium White Cast Iron used in the manufacture of grinding balls. In this study, the balls in high chromium white cast iron with 12 to …

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The Photo-Oxidation Of Co From Ambient Air Using Catalytic Asphaltic Pavement, Seba Mohammed, Zainab Shnain, Mohammad Abid, Asawer Alwasiti, Kadhim Abed, Mohammed Mohammed, Zainab Hameed, Sajda Faris, Peter Philib Mar 2026

The Photo-Oxidation Of Co From Ambient Air Using Catalytic Asphaltic Pavement, Seba Mohammed, Zainab Shnain, Mohammad Abid, Asawer Alwasiti, Kadhim Abed, Mohammed Mohammed, Zainab Hameed, Sajda Faris, Peter Philib

Engineering and Technology Journal

Road transportation in urban areas may be considered a major source of environmental pollution. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the oxidation of carbon dioxide gas emitted by an internal combustion engine. This is achieved using an asphaltic pavement coated with Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles by spraying and irradiating with white light under ambient conditions to reduce the air pollution problem (carbon monoxide) caused by vehicles. Using electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, we determined the physicochemical and morphological characteristics of the photocatalyst. Following the characterization study, the photo-catalytic activity of the asphalt …

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Improved Design For The High Gain Wideband Matrix Amplifiers Using Differential Cells And Microwave Cmos Technology, Saeed Ridha, Azad Kareem, Ashwaq Hameed Mar 2026

Improved Design For The High Gain Wideband Matrix Amplifiers Using Differential Cells And Microwave Cmos Technology, Saeed Ridha, Azad Kareem, Ashwaq Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

The Matrix Amplifier is a structure designed to increase the gain of the wideband distributed amplifiers. A matrix amplifier is used to improve the pass-band gain while preserving the dispersed design-wide characteristics to use the multiplicative gain mechanism. In this paper, the matrix distributed amplifier methodology is developed using differential cells instead of active amplifier cells to improve the wideband characteristics. Shunt capacitances are connected in the centerline to absorb the peaking impact at a cut-off frequency and reduce gain ripples. As an application of the ideas and concepts of matrix amplifiers, a modified step-by-step design of rows 4 and …

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Effect Of Copper Foam Baffles On Thermal Hydraulic Performance For Staggered Arrangement In A Duct, Karrar Fadhala, Ekhlas Fayyadh, Ali Mohammed Mar 2026

Effect Of Copper Foam Baffles On Thermal Hydraulic Performance For Staggered Arrangement In A Duct, Karrar Fadhala, Ekhlas Fayyadh, Ali Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Metal foam is a novel material recently utilized in baffles as an alternative to solid baffles for reducing flow resistance. However, copper foam baffles have been suggested in this research to overcome this issue. So, the experimental tests were carried out in a manufactured square channel (250 mm x 250 mm) and heated uniformly at the bottom wall of the test section.Its walls are mounted copper foam baffles at a fixed porosity of 95%.Baffles were fixed alternatively on the top and bottom of the walls in staggered mode between two successive baffles (center to center) and were kept constant at …

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Experimental Study Convection Heat Transfer Inside The Triangular Duct Filled With Porous Media, Sabah Mahdi, Suhad Rasheed Mar 2026

Experimental Study Convection Heat Transfer Inside The Triangular Duct Filled With Porous Media, Sabah Mahdi, Suhad Rasheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Convection heat transfer inside an empty triangular channel when filled with porous media heated proportionally with a constant heat flux (1300 W/m²) at the Reynolds number range (3165- 10910) with packed beds has been studied. The present work investigates porous media experimentally. The packed duct has a length (1 m) and (0.1 m) hydraulic diameter packed with porous material made from spherical glass particles of two different diameters (5 mm, and 10 mm). The value of porosity for the channel is (0.468,0.616 and), respectively. This research studies the effect of changing the Reynolds number and porosity on the enhanced heat …

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Thermal Performance Of A Counter-Flow Double-Pass Solar Air Heater With The Steady And Pulsating Flow, Nassr Hussein, Sabah Ahmed, Ali Ekaid Mar 2026

Thermal Performance Of A Counter-Flow Double-Pass Solar Air Heater With The Steady And Pulsating Flow, Nassr Hussein, Sabah Ahmed, Ali Ekaid

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present work studied the influence of pulsating flow as an active method on the thermal performance of a double-pass solar air heater with a tubular solar absorber. A ball valve has been used as a pulse generator mounted at the downstream flow of the solar air heater. The experiments were under indoor conditions with a constant heat flux of 1000 W/m2, and different air mass flow rates ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 kg/s. Moreover, the study covered three pulsation frequencies varied from 1 to 3 Hz. Based on the experimental outcomes, it can be observed that the heat transfer …

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Improving Fatigue Corrosion Resistance Of Turbine Blades Using Laser Processing, Zaman Abdulwahab, Sami Jafar, Sami Ajeel Mar 2026

Improving Fatigue Corrosion Resistance Of Turbine Blades Using Laser Processing, Zaman Abdulwahab, Sami Jafar, Sami Ajeel

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present paper investigates the nanomaterial coatings effect on turbine blades by laser processing. The present paper explores the impact of laser cladding parameters on the corrosion behavior of the resulting surface. Powders of Inconel 600 were deposited on the steel substrate. The surface can be thought of as the most important part of every engineering component. Unlike the rest of the component's volume, the surface is exposed to wear and becomes the place where most cracks form and corrosion initiates. Corrosion is one of the most harmful problems affecting turbine blades. In the current investigation, coating nanomaterials, namely Inconel …

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The Impacts Of Calcium Ions Substitution In Hydroxyapatite With Neodymium And Zinc On Biological Properties And Osteosarcoma Cells, Suha Al-Shahrabalee, Hussein Jaber Mar 2026

The Impacts Of Calcium Ions Substitution In Hydroxyapatite With Neodymium And Zinc On Biological Properties And Osteosarcoma Cells, Suha Al-Shahrabalee, Hussein Jaber

Engineering and Technology Journal

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the important biomaterials in the medical field, especially in bone treatment, because of its biological properties close to human bone. A simple co-precipitation technique was used to integrate neodymium and zinc into HA by adding neodymium nitrate and zinc nitrate as a source of substituted elements during synthesis through the wet precipitation method with controlled temperature and pH. Finally, substituted HA was sintered at 800°C after completing the biomaterial preparation. The resulting Nd-Zn/HA was globe-like with nanoparticle size. The Ca+Nd+Zn/P ratio was equal to 1.63, which is relatively close to the molar ratio of bone. …

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The Performance Of Helical Pile Under Cyclic Load Using 3d-Finite Element Analysis, Ahmed Ali, Nahla Salim, Husam Baqir Mar 2026

The Performance Of Helical Pile Under Cyclic Load Using 3d-Finite Element Analysis, Ahmed Ali, Nahla Salim, Husam Baqir

Engineering and Technology Journal

Helical piles are a kind of foundation that can withstand compression, tension, and lateral stresses. However, this kind of pile was utilized extensively globally for almost 25 years. Its behavior, particularly in Iraq, is uncertain and frightening. The current research used the finite element technique to analyze this kind of pile. The helical pile geometry was suggested to be modeled using the finite element method using the computer software Plaxis 3D The soil used is medium sandy soil. Additionally, parametric analyses were conducted. The primary parametric research examines the impact of helix number, helix spacing, helix diameter, and helix configuration …

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Analyzing Drivers’ Speed Behavior On Various Roads In Baghdad City, Aaisha Jasim, Rasha Al-Rubaee Mar 2026

Analyzing Drivers’ Speed Behavior On Various Roads In Baghdad City, Aaisha Jasim, Rasha Al-Rubaee

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study investigates the driver behavior of a certain number of drivers using a questionnaire method. The questionnaire contains a part of drivers' demographics, including age, gender, and the type of transportation most used by the drivers. It was divided into three parts. Each part deals with a specific type of road in Baghdad City: multi-lane, two-lane, and local. The questions were about the number of times they drove the vehicle on each type of road, the speed at which they drove the vehicle and did not cause accidents, the distance traveled during the last week on each type of …

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Influence Of Adding Plant Fly Ash On The Geotechnical Properties And Pollution Of Sanitary Landfill Soil, Abdulrahman Salim, Zainab Mohammed, Mohamed Fattah Mar 2026

Influence Of Adding Plant Fly Ash On The Geotechnical Properties And Pollution Of Sanitary Landfill Soil, Abdulrahman Salim, Zainab Mohammed, Mohamed Fattah

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper investigates the impact of the plant fly ash (dry tree leaves) addition on the geotechnical properties of the landfill soil, where an engineering laboratory landfill simulating a real landfill was manufactured. Two percentages of plant fly ash (10% and 15%) were used to reduce or prevent the penetration of heavy metals resulting from the decomposition of landfill waste into the soil and conducting laboratory tests such as the Atterberg test, specific gravity test, compaction test, permeability test, SEM test, and heavy metals analysis. The results of laboratory tests indicate a decrease in the plastic limit and the liquid …

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Optimization Of Surface Plasmon Resonance (Spr) For Gold/Air Interface By Using Kretschmann Configuration, Yadgar Shwan, Berun Ghafoor, Govar Hamasalih Mar 2026

Optimization Of Surface Plasmon Resonance (Spr) For Gold/Air Interface By Using Kretschmann Configuration, Yadgar Shwan, Berun Ghafoor, Govar Hamasalih

Engineering and Technology Journal

The coherent oscillation of electrons at contact among a dielectric and metal when the metal is exposed to incoming plasmon is known as “surface Plasmon resonance”. To achieve the best surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal, several aspects must be considered, including the excitation wavelength, the sort of metals used, and the thickness of the metal layer. The modification of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) depending on the thickness of metallic gold was investigated in this study. The reflection spectrum is determined as a function of metal thickness and dielectric medium (air), which is fixed in this case, and measuring the …

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Study The Effect Of Laser Wavelength On Zno Nanoparticle Characteristics Synthesized By Pulse Laser Ablation As An Antibacterial Application, Hadeel Imran, Kadhim Hubeatir, Kadhim Aadim Mar 2026

Study The Effect Of Laser Wavelength On Zno Nanoparticle Characteristics Synthesized By Pulse Laser Ablation As An Antibacterial Application, Hadeel Imran, Kadhim Hubeatir, Kadhim Aadim

Engineering and Technology Journal

In recent years, biologists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers have become interested in Nano-sized particles because of their unique properties. In this paper, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using an Nd: YAG laser with 800 mJ at 1064 nm and 532 nm (the fundamental and second harmonic wavelengths). The characteristics of optical, morphological, structural, wettability and antibacterial activity have been studied. The used technique of PLAL was successful in nanoparticle formation. It was proved in color changes, which was an indication of ZnO nanoparticle formation. The optical measurements show a decrease in absorption wavelength and an increase in the band gap, …

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A Survey On Load Balancing, Routing, And Congestion In Sdn, Amthal Mousa, Mohammed Abdullah Mar 2026

A Survey On Load Balancing, Routing, And Congestion In Sdn, Amthal Mousa, Mohammed Abdullah

Engineering and Technology Journal

High traffic could result in load imbalance or network congestion, which degrades the network’s performance and efficiency. Thus, it is crucial to adopt efficient routing and load balancing models to face these challenging issues. Additionally, when investigating a new approach, it is essential to consider the most important metrics to evaluate this potential approach precisely. This paper presents an intensive analysis of recently available SDN-based load balancing and routing techniques. Furthermore, the features and issues of each technique are stated. Moreover, the most important metrics that should be evaluated are statically analyzed. Also, a brief survey of available network congestion …

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Remove Liquid Radioactive Wastes Utilizing Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration, And Microfiltration Membranes, Alanood Alsarayreh, Taisir Abbas, Saleh Alaswad, Sabad E-Gul, A Bajoga Mar 2026

Remove Liquid Radioactive Wastes Utilizing Nanofiltration, Ultrafiltration, And Microfiltration Membranes, Alanood Alsarayreh, Taisir Abbas, Saleh Alaswad, Sabad E-Gul, A Bajoga

Engineering and Technology Journal

Radioactive waste is generated from fuel cycle processes in nuclear reactors and nuclear power plants (NPPs) in electrical power production, radioisotope manufacturing in nuclear research centers, and medical, industrial, and agricultural applications. Also, natural chain-linked radioisotopes (NORM) are generated from processing and burning fossil fuels and producing oil and natural gas. Therefore, a planned and integrated radioactive waste management strategy must be adopted to protect human health and the environment from the dangers of this waste through published research on a comprehensive radioactive waste management strategy and the testing and dissemination of several treatment options. The main objective is to …

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Hydrodynamic Properties Investigation Of Ebullated Bed Reactor Using Non-Newtonian Liquid, Zahraa Hassan, Asawer Al Wasiti, Zainb Shnain, Peter Philib Mar 2026

Hydrodynamic Properties Investigation Of Ebullated Bed Reactor Using Non-Newtonian Liquid, Zahraa Hassan, Asawer Al Wasiti, Zainb Shnain, Peter Philib

Engineering and Technology Journal

The importance of using EBR has been renewed recently due to the sharp increase in heavy feedstocks sent to refineries and the hydrocracking process. Most of these feedstocks have a non-Newtonian behavior. The performance of this type of reactor using non-Newtonian liquid is complicated and has not been covered well yet. Hence, the present work is devoted to elucidating the effect of the non-Newtonian behavior of fluid on the hydrodynamic properties of a three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) reactor under operating conditions of different values ​​of gas velocity (2, 4, 6) cm/sec, liquid velocity (0.9, 1.39, 1.8, 2.3) cm/sec, and recycle ratio (1.5, …

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Bio-Treatment Technologies Of Produced Water: A Review, Rana Azeez, Firas Al-Zuhairi Mar 2026

Bio-Treatment Technologies Of Produced Water: A Review, Rana Azeez, Firas Al-Zuhairi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Petroleum is a vital source of energy for most human activities. The growth of the oil and gas sector is associated with releasing a significant amount of produced water (PW) from onshore and offshore fields. Thus, undesirable toxic pollutants in produced water have become a major concern for those concerned with environmental issues. Therefore, interest in recycling and beneficial reuse of pollutants has increased due to large amounts of PW. In general, various physical and chemical technologies and bio-treatments for PW or combined between them are applied. Bio-treatment is preferred due to its efficiency and eco-friendly compared with other PW …

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Recent Development In Hydrodynamic And Heat Transfer Characteristics In The Three-Phase Fluidized-Bed System, Omar Mahdy, Amer Abdulrahmn, Jamal Ali Mar 2026

Recent Development In Hydrodynamic And Heat Transfer Characteristics In The Three-Phase Fluidized-Bed System, Omar Mahdy, Amer Abdulrahmn, Jamal Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gas–liquid-solid fluidized beds are broadly utilized in the petrochemical, pharmaceutical, refining, food, biotechnology, and environmental industries. Due to complex phenomena, such as the particle-particle, liquid-particle, particle-bubble interactions, complex hydrodynamics, and heat transfer of three-phase (gas-liquid-solid) fluidized beds, they are incompletely understood. The ability to accurately predict the essential characteristics of the fluidized-bed system, such as hydrodynamics, individual phase mixing, and heat transfer parameters, is necessary for its successful design and operation. This paper investigates the pressure drop, minimum fluidization velocity, phase holdup, heat-transfer coefficient of a fluidized bed reactor, heat transfer studies, CFD simulation, and the effect of these parameters …

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Improved Water-Based Mud Rheological Properties And Shale-Inhibition Behavior By Using Aluminum Oxide And Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Hasan Abbood, Ibtehal Shakir Mar 2026

Improved Water-Based Mud Rheological Properties And Shale-Inhibition Behavior By Using Aluminum Oxide And Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Hasan Abbood, Ibtehal Shakir

Engineering and Technology Journal

Nanotechnology can be used to develop drilling fluid additives that can improve the drilling fluid's properties. Using two types of nanoparticle (NP) additives in water-based drilling fluids have been studied in this paper. Three major drilling mud systems, namely potassium chloride (KCl) as a basic mud, KCl/aluminum oxide (Al2O3) NPs, and KCl/iron (Fe2O3) NPs, were prepared and studied for enhancement of rheological properties and shale inhibition. It was found that the drilling mud contained NPs in concentrations of 0.25, 0. 5, 0.75, and 1 g. Al2O3 and Fe2O3 NPs added to KCl/polymer mud systems resulted in a 50% and 30% …

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Hydroisomerization Of N-Heptane In A Fixed-Bed Reactor Using A Synthesized Bimetallic Type-Hy Zeolite Catalyst, Younus Khalaf, Bashir Sherhan, Zaidoon Shakour Mar 2026

Hydroisomerization Of N-Heptane In A Fixed-Bed Reactor Using A Synthesized Bimetallic Type-Hy Zeolite Catalyst, Younus Khalaf, Bashir Sherhan, Zaidoon Shakour

Engineering and Technology Journal

The synthesis of NaY-zeolite was performed hydrothermally. The preparation of the bifunctional catalysts was achieved by loading NH4Y-zeolite with a cheap Zr metal, as a second loading metal, with tiny amounts of Pt to compose a Pt-Zr/Y-zeolite catalyst. Different characterization methods (i.e., XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, and AFM) were used to investigate the catalyst properties. The catalytic performance was studied by performing the hydroisomerization of n-heptane in a gas phase at a temperature of 275°C and atmospheric pressure in a fixed-bed reactor. The GC-FID results of the products confirmed the positive role of Zr in enhancing the catalytic features, as …

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