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Graphic Design And Artificial Intelligence: Interdisciplinary Challenges For Designers In The Search For Research Collaboration, Yaron Meron Jun 2022

Graphic Design And Artificial Intelligence: Interdisciplinary Challenges For Designers In The Search For Research Collaboration, Yaron Meron

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The introduction of electronic publishing, multimedia, the web and social media have influenced and presented challenges for graphic design. Now the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) features within graphic design software enables practitioners to automate many design processes. However, this threatens to deskill the profession and create a second tier of ‘non-professional’ designers, particularly within less creative work that emphasises fast turnover and functional artefact production. Research at the intersection of AI and graphic design has been led by computer scientists. This paper argues, from a designer’s perspective, that a paucity of scholarly engagement by graphic designers with their own …

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Applying Design-Led Approaches To Public Sector Innovation: A Case Study Of New Zealand’S Service Innovation Lab, Jane Lehtinen Jun 2022

Applying Design-Led Approaches To Public Sector Innovation: A Case Study Of New Zealand’S Service Innovation Lab, Jane Lehtinen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper adds to emerging research on the application of design-led approaches to public policy and services by public sector innovation labs. It presents key findings from the first in-depth case study on the New Zealand government Service Innovation Lab, which operated between 2017 and 2020 as part of broader public sector efforts for citizen-centric digital transformation. Based on a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and organizational documentation, it discusses how the challenges of applying the Lab’s design-led approach in this public sector context were navigated by professionals involved with the Lab over time. The findings reveal that to navigate …

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Developing Play Tarot Cards To Support Playful Learning In Teacher Education, Helle Marie Skovbjerg, Helle Hovgaard Jørgensen, Keila Zarl Perez Quinones, Tilde Bekker Jun 2022

Developing Play Tarot Cards To Support Playful Learning In Teacher Education, Helle Marie Skovbjerg, Helle Hovgaard Jørgensen, Keila Zarl Perez Quinones, Tilde Bekker

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Via two design-based research experiments, this paper explores how we can design a tool to support designing for playful learning in teacher education. Several recent review studies show that integrating play qualities into a learning context is not always easy. We design a set of tarot cards with the aim of exploring actions in learning situations and play qualities for those specific actions. Our experiments show that using the tarot cards as a way for students and teachers to reflect and come up with further playful learning designs brings in a broader diversity of play qualities, especially qualities that are …

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Pushing Divergence And Promoting Convergence In A Speculative Design Process: Considerations On The Role Of Ai As A Co-Creation Partner, Luca Simeone, Riccardo Mantelli, Alfredo Adamo Jun 2022

Pushing Divergence And Promoting Convergence In A Speculative Design Process: Considerations On The Role Of Ai As A Co-Creation Partner, Luca Simeone, Riccardo Mantelli, Alfredo Adamo

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Within design research, several studies have looked at Artificial Intelligence as a tool to help ideation processes. However, the potential of using Artificial Intelligence to support a specific characteristic of the design process, namely the interplay between divergent and convergent thinking, remains underexplored. Aiming to address this gap, this paper examines how 136 students interacted with Artificial Intelligence on the occasion of two courses run by the authors in a prominent European design school.

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Service Design Tool: How To Use The Errc Decision Model For Service Designer To Prioritize Touchpoints, Chun-An Chang, Chun-Juei Chou Jun 2022

Service Design Tool: How To Use The Errc Decision Model For Service Designer To Prioritize Touchpoints, Chun-An Chang, Chun-Juei Chou

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This research aims to remedy lack of design principle at touchpoints of customer journey. ERRC decision model was developed to support designer in strategic evaluating and taking design action in response to customer feedback at different touchpoints. The model was constructed using customer feedback on experience and four actions framework of Blue Ocean Theory. Designer can use customer experience data to evaluate touchpoints along customer journey and, based on model’s distribution result, link service delivery level to competitor and redesign to eliminate, reduce, raise or create individual touchpoint.

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Repair As A Social Design Practice: Three Case Studies In Vulnerable Households In Chile, Pedro Alvarez Caselli, Antonio Batlle Lathrop Jun 2022

Repair As A Social Design Practice: Three Case Studies In Vulnerable Households In Chile, Pedro Alvarez Caselli, Antonio Batlle Lathrop

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The work presented herein addresses the socio-material implications and spontaneous design actions that emerge from the home repair practices of household objects in low-income areas. Through qualitative research and contextual inquiry from the investigation of their praxis (Cross, 2007), we reassess the principles of planned obsolescence associated with product design and throw-away culture. Within the framework of matters of care of non-human devices that are part of a social assembly, a theoretical discussion develops around certain actions; in particular, repairing everyday household objects, as design solutions. The exploratory methodology of this project is based on literature review and on-site case …

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Data-Painting: Expressive Free-Form Visualisation, Miriam Sturdee, Soren Knudsen, Sheelagh Carpendale Jun 2022

Data-Painting: Expressive Free-Form Visualisation, Miriam Sturdee, Soren Knudsen, Sheelagh Carpendale

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Data visualization can be powerful in enabling us to make sense of complex data. Expressive data representation – where individuals have control over the nature of the output – is hard to incorporate into existing frameworks and techniques for visualization. The power of informal, rough, expressive sketches in working out ideas is well documented. This points to an opportunity to better understand how expressivity can exist in data visualization creation. We explore the expressive potential of Data Painting through a study aimed at improving our understanding of what people need and make use of in creating novel examples of data …

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Towards A Quieter Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Current Approaches And Design Opportunities, Simone Spagnol, Núria Viñas Vila, Almila Akdag Salah, Tom Goos, Irwin Reiss, Elif Özcan Jun 2022

Towards A Quieter Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Current Approaches And Design Opportunities, Simone Spagnol, Núria Viñas Vila, Almila Akdag Salah, Tom Goos, Irwin Reiss, Elif Özcan

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Recent studies show that the well-being of patients and the performance of healthcare professionals in modern neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are severely affected by the amount of auditory alarms and sound nuisance. This paper presents a semi-systematic review on the topic of environmental sound in the NICU, where current themes, insights, and limitations are highlighted. Furthermore, it outlines the results of an observation of the NICU environment and an interview with nurses at Erasmus Medical Center, in order to understand the users, their context, and the technology that can enable design interventions. The insights gathered from the literature and …

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The Politics Of Metadesign, Christian Nold Jun 2022

The Politics Of Metadesign, Christian Nold

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This is a conceptual paper that explores the notion of metadesign which is premised on redesigning design itself. It interrogates the claim that metadesign is ‘open’, ‘fluid’ and ‘democratising’ by analysing its literature and practices. The paper makes two arguments. First, that metadesign is a theoretical power grab that prioritises language at the expense of material design which separates it from other design approaches. Second, that metadesign currently does not offer conceptual tools for observing and analysing the politics of real-world metadesign. If metadesign wants to be a democratising force, then it needs to question its legacy of transcendent language …

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Living With Living Artefacts: Six Concepts For Designing User Acceptance Of Living Artefacts, Simone Van Den Broek, Alwin De Rooij, Michel Van Dartel Jun 2022

Living With Living Artefacts: Six Concepts For Designing User Acceptance Of Living Artefacts, Simone Van Den Broek, Alwin De Rooij, Michel Van Dartel

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Bio-designers are exploring how living organisms can become vital aspects of the design and use of an artefact. These new living artefacts have qualities, needs, design opportunities and relationships with the user that differ from nonliving artefacts. To design for user acceptance of living artefacts into daily life, designers must develop an understanding for why a user wishes to live with living artefacts. This starts with an understanding of why humans have been living with other living beings throughout history. These reasons have been examined through a semi-systematic review of literature across diverse research fields. Qualitative thematic analysis suggests that …

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Dynamic Learning: A Learner-Centered Paradigm In Art And Design, Delane Ingalls Vanada, Delane Ingalls Vanada Jun 2022

Dynamic Learning: A Learner-Centered Paradigm In Art And Design, Delane Ingalls Vanada, Delane Ingalls Vanada

DRS Biennial Conference Series

There is a critical need for training students to think critically, creatively, and practi-cally. Traditional art and design education classrooms, more focused on end prod-ucts, do not foster students’ abilities for inquiry and connection making and are miss-ing opportunities to develop the capacities of tomorrow’s change makers and prob-lem solvers. From a systems-thinking approach, this article discusses the importance of teacher pedagogy and process skills as important underlying drivers in developing’ learning power. Fostering students’ integrated, self-directed, and dynamic learning requires a more learner-centered paradigm. It reports on a mixed model research study conducted in middle school art and design …

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Towards A Framework For Designing Technology With Country: A Perspective From Australia, Siena White, Luke Hespanhol Jun 2022

Towards A Framework For Designing Technology With Country: A Perspective From Australia, Siena White, Luke Hespanhol

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Lifestyles, principles and methods adopted by First Nations peoples have attracted increased interest from non-Indigenous researchers and professionals. Following greater awareness about the destructive effects of colonization on sustainable pre-colonial ways of living that thrived for millennia, a growing movement towards understanding of Indigenous ways of relating to Country has led to questions about culturally and environmentally appropriate approaches to design digital systems, technologies, services, and products. In this paper, we investigate recently emerging frameworks for design with Country identified from the literature, compiling a list of 40 precepts and 15 principles to inform our interaction design process. Furthermore, we …

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An Analysis Of Design Maturity Models Used In Design Organizations, Nandhini Giri, Erik Stolterman Jun 2022

An Analysis Of Design Maturity Models Used In Design Organizations, Nandhini Giri, Erik Stolterman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Maturity models are structures that help assess key performance metrics and provide guidelines for assessment and growth in various areas of an organization. In this paper we review some of the significant design maturity frameworks that are used by practitioners in design organizations. The field of design is ramifying with emerging forms of design practice and requires a need to study maturity models from the perspective of practitioners in design organizations. The pandemic has disrupted normal organizational operations forcing practitioners to discuss the need for maturity models in workplaces that follow the new normal. This necessitates a review of significant …

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Australian Architectural Education In The Pluriverse, Daniel Huppatz, Kirsten Day Jun 2022

Australian Architectural Education In The Pluriverse, Daniel Huppatz, Kirsten Day

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Among the design disciplines, architectural education in Australia has a unique con-straint: accreditation. On the one hand, competency requirements by accrediting bod-ies potentially limit an educator’s autonomy and curriculum development. On the oth-er, competencies define and regulate a profession by ensuring standard knowledge and skills. In this paper, we analyse the pedagogical and professional impacts of the 2021 “National Standard of Competencies” for Australian architects, particularly the inclusion of Indigenous Knowledge for the first time. Together with the recent Indige-nous Design Charter – Communication Design, these competencies signal a shift in Australian architectural and design education that suggests a vision …

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Ontogenesis As A Model For Design Processes, Otto Paans Jun 2022

Ontogenesis As A Model For Design Processes, Otto Paans

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The technical rationality (TR) and reflective practice (RP) paradigms have heavily influenced thinking about design and design cognition in the 20th century. This paper concisely highlights some of the features and limitations of these paradigms. In particular, it develops the suggestion that we require a new “root metaphor” or leading set of concepts to develop our thinking about designing beyond the work of Donald Schön. Building on this assumption, this paper examines some useful aspects of selected concepts developed by Gilbert Simondon, in particular the notion of ontogenesis. Furthermore, it is argued that Simondon’s thought helps us to connect epistemology …

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Locked Down With Abusers: Designing For The Dignity And Autonomy Of Domestic Violence Survivors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Miso Kim, Dan Jackson, Jules Sievert, Morgan Wilson Jun 2022

Locked Down With Abusers: Designing For The Dignity And Autonomy Of Domestic Violence Survivors During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Miso Kim, Dan Jackson, Jules Sievert, Morgan Wilson

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The COVID-19 pandemic and national quarantine requirements exacerbated domestic violence, as survivors had to stay at home with their abusers with limited access to communication channels or resources for help. In this project, a team of lawyers, designers, and technologists collaborated to assist a domestic violence clinic at a law school to design services to help student attorneys and advocates to better connect with domestic violence survivors who sought legal help during the pandemic. The aim of this service was to support the domestic violence survivors with remote assistance, such as remote intake, a safe means of collecting information, and …

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Differential Moral Framing And The Design Imagination, Philippe Gauthier, Sébastien Proulx Jun 2022

Differential Moral Framing And The Design Imagination, Philippe Gauthier, Sébastien Proulx

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The objective of this paper is to provide a proof of concept for a pedagogical apparatus aiming to foster moral education and reflection about the inner good of their practice among apprentice-designers. We designed this tool with the aim of helping students understand how modern moral pluralism imprints professional mores, and how particular conceptions of the good life may affect the way they envision and devise how the world should be (and how they ought to design it). Our tool comes in the form of a role-playing game based on different species of worth coexisting in modern democracies, and that …

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Camera-On/Camera-Off: Visibility In The Design Studio, James Benedict Brown Jun 2022

Camera-On/Camera-Off: Visibility In The Design Studio, James Benedict Brown

DRS Biennial Conference Series

What constitutes, defines or bounds the ‘studio’ in architecture education when it is wholly online? The design studio contributes to a very particular spatial con-struct in proximal teaching, one that has been challenged during the pandemic as educators have adopted distance and online learning and teaching. This paper presents a brief history of the design studio in architectural education and specu-lates about three dimensions of visibility therein. It contextualises the design studio against the broader higher education experiences of teaching online dur-ing the Covid-19 pandemic, in particular so-called ‘Zoom anxiety’ and ‘Zoom fa-tigue’ experienced by teachers and students. The paper …

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It’S Complicated: Dewey, Schön And Reflection-In-Action, Laureline Chiapello, Rabah Bousbaci Jun 2022

It’S Complicated: Dewey, Schön And Reflection-In-Action, Laureline Chiapello, Rabah Bousbaci

DRS Biennial Conference Series

While Schön’s work is prominent in design literature, some of its concepts stay unclear. In this paper we examine the distinctions Schön made in 1992 between “reflection-in-action” and “reflection on reflection-in-action” (or “conversation with the situation” and “reflective conversation with the situation”). To clarify the meaning of these two terms, we will refer to pragmatist philosophy, using Dewey’s work on inquiry and epistemology. Our results show that there is indeed a difference between the two expressions. Moreover, revisiting Dewey’s and Schön’s work allows for a new visual representation of the reflection-in-action process, which can then be used as a tool …

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Walking In My Shoes: Creating A Toolkit For Co-Designing A Shared Vision For City Development, Monique De Costa, Nadia Anam, Jiayi Shi, Diego Muñoz, Sonja Pedell Jun 2022

Walking In My Shoes: Creating A Toolkit For Co-Designing A Shared Vision For City Development, Monique De Costa, Nadia Anam, Jiayi Shi, Diego Muñoz, Sonja Pedell

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This research explores the creation of co-design methods that build and maintain long-term relationships in council development projects and engages in innovative design outcomes for the future of the city. A series of workshops were conducted with participants, including designers and urban planners. Stage 1 investigated mechanisms of building trust and understanding roles and responsibilities to test different relationship dynamics. Stage 2 explored activities suitable for dealing with innovation, negotiation, and shared planning to test innovative design outcomes. Findings show that relationship dynamics developed better through conversational activities than pure brainstorming, and that innovative outcomes were best generated through the …

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Designing For Dynamic Stability In An Uncertain World: A Media Content Study Of The Aviation Industry, Euiyoung Kim, Sara Beckman, Ki-Hun Kim, Sicco Santema Jun 2022

Designing For Dynamic Stability In An Uncertain World: A Media Content Study Of The Aviation Industry, Euiyoung Kim, Sara Beckman, Ki-Hun Kim, Sicco Santema

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The Covid-19 pandemic has caused radical restructuring of many industries including the aviation industry. Seeking a deeper understanding of how organizations are responding to this disruption, we use media content analysis of 331 news articles to extract approaches used in the aviation industry in response to Covid-19 and clustered them in six categories: research, reframe, repurpose, reimagine, redesign and resile (be resilient). We suggest that, taken collectively, these six approaches may provide a framework that companies might leverage to achieve dynamic stability – the ability of a system to return to steady state after a significant disturbance – as the …

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James V Birnmann: The Potential Of Critical Design For Examining Legal Issues, Phoebe Walton Jun 2022

James V Birnmann: The Potential Of Critical Design For Examining Legal Issues, Phoebe Walton

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The current approach of legal design is solution-driven, with design considered a series of methodological steps used to improve existing legal systems. Such an approach fails to address systemic problems within these systems, and can instead exacerbate such issues. So far, there has been insufficient examination into the kinds of design used in conjunction with legal problems. This paper considers the potential of critical design to challenge more fundamental issues than those currently addressed with legal design. Through the project ‘James v Birnmann’, the paper illustrates how critical design can widen the discussion around legal issues, challenging the public’s perception …

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The Value Of Being Close: Social And Ecological Sustainability In Co-Living For Students, Sara Ilstedt, Martin Sjöman Jun 2022

The Value Of Being Close: Social And Ecological Sustainability In Co-Living For Students, Sara Ilstedt, Martin Sjöman

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Sustainability challenges demands that we live smaller and more efficient in terms of re-sources and energy, at the same time, loneliness and mental unhealth are in-creasing among young people and students. One solution to both ecological and social sustain-ability is provided by coliving, where a small group of people share a home. Living in a shared home is an opportunity for friendship and sense of community but is also associated with frictions. This paper describes an interdisciplinary and experimental research project about coliving for students and particularly focuses on the social aspects and new practices of living together. We conclude …

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Ai In Design Idea Development: A Workshop On Creativity And Human-Ai Collaboration, Fabio Antonio Figoli, Lucia Rampino, Francesca Mattioli Jun 2022

Ai In Design Idea Development: A Workshop On Creativity And Human-Ai Collaboration, Fabio Antonio Figoli, Lucia Rampino, Francesca Mattioli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In a fast-paced society, AI systems can prove to be reliable teammates alongside human agents during the early stages of the design process, capable of helping to manage the increasing complexity of projects. Therefore, the introduction of AI systems into the design process is analysed according to the implications on the designer’s creativity and the kind of human-AI collaboration that is established, highlighting trust balance and the new role played by the designer. The main aspects covered by the study were tested in a workshop, in which continuous and discontinuous human-AI collaboration were compared. In the case of continuous collaboration, …

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A Case Of Design-Enabled Public Policy Formulation Process, Diana Pamela Villa Alvarez, Valentina Auricchio, Marzia Mortati Jun 2022

A Case Of Design-Enabled Public Policy Formulation Process, Diana Pamela Villa Alvarez, Valentina Auricchio, Marzia Mortati

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Governments are increasingly applying design practices to address public challenges. While the study of these practices evidences their utility for designing public services, the specific design activities and their value for policy formulation are rather unclear. To shed light in this direction, this paper presents a case study on the collaboration of LABgobar and SENASA in reforming the Bovine Tuberculosis regulations in Argentina. By analysing the project’s documentation and interviewing project members, this study illustrates design practices that complement traditional policy formulation processes. These practices include methods for problem understanding and reframing, idea generation, and collaborative policy prototyping. Interestingly, these …

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Deep Products Via Undisciplined Stewardship: Towards An Environmentally-Led Design Pedagogy For The 21st Century, Fernando Galdon, Ashley Hall Jun 2022

Deep Products Via Undisciplined Stewardship: Towards An Environmentally-Led Design Pedagogy For The 21st Century, Fernando Galdon, Ashley Hall

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Designers are envisioning new typologies of products aiming for instance to ex-tract CO2 from the environment or creating products from landfill waste, in this context a fundamental question arises; what could be a philosophical framework for a subtractive practise in design? In this paper the notion of Deep Products is introduced by building from notions of Deep ecology, Deep Design, and steward-ship. This theoretical proposition addresses the design of products from a life-cycle perspective through contemporary notions of subtraction-by-design. The model presented transitions design to a model demanding extended projects considering every aspect of the life-cycle of products, from inception …

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Explore Industrial Design Pedagogy Under The Pandemic In The Us, Jinlong Yuan, Yumeng Xie, Kenneth Brooks Jun 2022

Explore Industrial Design Pedagogy Under The Pandemic In The Us, Jinlong Yuan, Yumeng Xie, Kenneth Brooks

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Due to Covid -19 pandemic, industrial design educators were forced out of their comfort zone and instructed students in an online environment with limited preparation and experience. Therefore, research in online design education has become a booming topic. Design educators are required to rethink and re-evaluate the post-pandemic model of industrial design education. To better understand industrial design educators' online teaching experiences, expectations, challenges, and issues during the pandemic, this exploratory study interviewed eight industrial design faculties who had taught design studios during their past careers and the pandemic period. Interview data were analyzed using five signature design pedagogy as …

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Designing Digital Health For Hip Osteoarthritis Self-Care In Brazil: A Study On Patients’ Socioeconomic Profile And Media Preferences, Sara Goldchmit, Katarina Tsuzuki, Marcelo Queiroz, Nayra Rabelo, Walter Ricioli Junior, Giancarlo Polesello Jun 2022

Designing Digital Health For Hip Osteoarthritis Self-Care In Brazil: A Study On Patients’ Socioeconomic Profile And Media Preferences, Sara Goldchmit, Katarina Tsuzuki, Marcelo Queiroz, Nayra Rabelo, Walter Ricioli Junior, Giancarlo Polesello

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Digital health has a great potential to promote predictive, personalised, preventive, and participatory care while also reducing in-person visits to medical services. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disorder and a leading cause of disabilities worldwide. Health literacy is crucial to cope with pain and mobility limitations. However, in the Brazilian context, trusty information about OA is scarce, inadequate, or non-existent in the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS). Knowing the audience is decisive in designing digital health solutions. This study aimed to collect data on SUS patients' socioeconomic status and media preferences. The results of 52 participants show the …

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Documenting New Design Ontologies, Tracy Manuel Jun 2022

Documenting New Design Ontologies, Tracy Manuel

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Ontological design — characterized by the understanding that what we design designs us — has been invoked as a necessary framing in redirecting the design discipline toward more pluralistic and sustainable ends. In this paper, I situate ongoing conversations about process documentation within emergent conversations surrounding ontological design, considering ways in which innovative documentation practices may support new ontological agendas. By considering process documentation as a hermeneutical, knowledge-making practice, I speculate ways that new, experimental modes of process documentation may afford designers — and design itself — new vantage points from which to (re)interpret design practice and the discipline writ …

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Touch Ground: Introducing Design Inquiry In Higher Education, Guido Stompff, Manon Joosten, Andrea Prince, Marleen Claessens, Willy Geurts, Anja Köppchen Jun 2022

Touch Ground: Introducing Design Inquiry In Higher Education, Guido Stompff, Manon Joosten, Andrea Prince, Marleen Claessens, Willy Geurts, Anja Köppchen

DRS Biennial Conference Series

In higher education, design thinking is often taught as a process. Yet design cognition resides in action and design practices. Dewey’s pragmatism offers a solid epistemology for design thinking. This paper describes a design research whereby Dewey’s inquiry served as the foundation for educating students. Three extensive educational case studies are presented whereby a design inquiry was introduced and became part of the curricula. It was found that students and coaches struggled with doubts experienced as a result of the co-evolution of problem and solution, means and ends. Four coping mechanisms were observed: (1) focus on problems, risking analysis paralysis; …

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