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Brain-Inspired Continual Learning: Robust Feature Distillation And Re-Consolidation For Class Incremental Learning, Hikmat Khan, Nidhal Carla Bouaynaya, Ghulam Rasool Feb 2024

Brain-Inspired Continual Learning: Robust Feature Distillation And Re-Consolidation For Class Incremental Learning, Hikmat Khan, Nidhal Carla Bouaynaya, Ghulam Rasool

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Departmental Research

Artificial intelligence and neuroscience have a long and intertwined history. Advancements in neuroscience research have significantly influenced the development of artificial intelligence systems that have the potential to retain knowledge akin to humans. Building upon foundational insights from neuroscience and existing research in adversarial and continual learning fields, we introduce a novel framework that comprises two key concepts: feature distillation and re-consolidation. The framework distills continual learning (CL) robust features and rehearses them while learning the next task, aiming to replicate the mammalian brain's process of consolidating memories through rehearsing the distilled version of the waking experiences. Furthermore, the proposed …

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Extravaganza 2024 Program, Multicultural Student Union Feb 2024

Extravaganza 2024 Program, Multicultural Student Union

MSU Gallery

No abstract provided.

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Absorbance Enhancement Of A Treated Tanzanian Kaolin For Removal Of Synthetic Dyes From Water, Samwel Paul Mziray Feb 2024

Absorbance Enhancement Of A Treated Tanzanian Kaolin For Removal Of Synthetic Dyes From Water, Samwel Paul Mziray

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The absorbance efficiency of local kaolin clay from Tanzania (Pugu kaolin) has been enhanced to improve its utilization in removal of textile dyes from water. The clay was acid-activated using H2SO4, after calcination at 750oC. Characterization by XRF, XRD, ATR-FTIR and Porosimeter showed kaolinite [Al2Si2O5(OH)4], silica (SiO2) and microcline [KAlSi3O8] as the main phases. Upon acid treatment, silica increased from 44.18% to 58.81% due to the appearance of tridymite, and alumina decreased from 26.70% to 12.74% due to disappearance of the kaolinite. Surface area increased from 15.36 to 149.61 m2/g due to removal of acid-soluble impurities. The chemical composition showed …

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Evaluation Of Environmental Management System For Small And Medium Enterprises In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Juma M. Matindana Feb 2024

Evaluation Of Environmental Management System For Small And Medium Enterprises In Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Juma M. Matindana

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A system that manages environmental issues of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) from the time of acquisition of raw materials up to disposal of the product is not well clear, especially in Tanzania. Most of the studies have been conducted in the field of environment management but few of them address the evaluation of the management of SMEs activities with respect to the environment. Although the nature of activities of SMEs has little noticeable environmental implications at the individual level but the impact is large due to diversification and labour intensity of these SMEs. SMEs employ about 20% of the …

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Comprehensive Survey On Applications Of Internet Of Things, Machine Learning And Artificial Intelligence In Precision Agriculture, Paul Stone Stone Brown Macheso S.B. Feb 2024

Comprehensive Survey On Applications Of Internet Of Things, Machine Learning And Artificial Intelligence In Precision Agriculture, Paul Stone Stone Brown Macheso S.B.

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A comprehensive, multidisciplinary analysis of the latest developments in digital agriculture is conducted with the use of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and the Internet of Things. By automation and the use of modern, scalable technology solutions that reduce risks, support sustainability, and give farmers predictive advice, traditional agricultural processes are being updated and improved to maximize production. In this paper, the applications of AI, IoT, and ML in agricultural production systems are discussed in detail. The applications that have been explored can be broadly categorized into three areas: soil management, livestock management, and crop management. Weed detection, disease …

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A Two-Stage Based Life Cycle And Principal Component Analysis For Decision Support Of Potential Municipal Solid Wastes Management Scenarios, Case Study Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Edwin Richard Ndibalema Dr Feb 2024

A Two-Stage Based Life Cycle And Principal Component Analysis For Decision Support Of Potential Municipal Solid Wastes Management Scenarios, Case Study Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania, Edwin Richard Ndibalema Dr

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

In most of the urban areas of Tanzania, poor and inadequate solid waste management is a growing environmental and public health concern. Despite an array of solid waste management options, choosing an appropriate one remains a challenge. This study applied a novel two-stage-based approach to assess the environmental impacts and sustainability performance of the 27 scenarios for municipal solid wastes (MSW) management of Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. In the first stage, the study utilized a life cycle analysis (LCA) to quantify the environmental impacts of MSW scenarios. In the second stage, the study used the principal component analysis (PCA) …

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An Overview Of Maternity Healthcare Monitoring In Developing Nations, Godphrey Kyambille Feb 2024

An Overview Of Maternity Healthcare Monitoring In Developing Nations, Godphrey Kyambille

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A healthcare monitoring arrangement is essential for frequently monitoring a patient's health status. Specifically, maternal healthcare systems for tracking are utilized to evaluate the clinical status and monitor any abnormal condition changes during all three trimesters. This paper's objective is to conduct an extensive literature review and acknowledge earlier initiatives and studies conducted previously in maternal health care monitoring. This review focuses on accumulating information from earlier work and presents a general overview of previous studies concerning maternal health care monitoring (MHCM). The paper focuses on the maternal healthcare systems in developing countries accessed by pregnant women during the antenatal …

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Augmented Finite Control Set Mpc Design Technique For Wide Speed Range Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives, Francis Mwasilu Feb 2024

Augmented Finite Control Set Mpc Design Technique For Wide Speed Range Control Of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives, Francis Mwasilu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The effective motion control task is highly influencing the final drive performance in wide-range motor drives applications such as electric vehicles (EVs), washing machines, compressors, elevators and lathe machines. Recently, permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive has been widely employed in these applications to achieve desired performances such as high efficiency, high torque requirements with minimum size “occupancy”. The PMSM drive features combining with these modern drive applications are highly nonlinear and the desired operation requirements demand high-performance control schemes with fast system response and robustness features. Linear control schemes are usually implemented to drive the PMSM that entail trade …

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Hadamard Matrices Of Orders 60 And 64 With Automorphisms Of Orders 29 And 31, Makoto Araya, Masaaki Harada, Vladimir Tonchev Feb 2024

Hadamard Matrices Of Orders 60 And 64 With Automorphisms Of Orders 29 And 31, Makoto Araya, Masaaki Harada, Vladimir Tonchev

Michigan Tech Publications

A classification of Hadamard matrices of order 2p + 2 with an automorphism of order p is given for p = 29 and 31. The ternary self-dual codes spanned by the newly found Hadamard matrices of order 60 with an automorphism of order 29 are computed, as well as the binary doubly even self-dual codes of length 120 with generator matrices defined by related Hadamard designs. Several new ternary near-extremal self-dual codes, as well as binary near-extremal doubly even self-dual codes with previously unknown weight enumerators are found.

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Log-Linear Dynamic Inversion Control With Provable Safety Guarantees In Lie Groups, Li-Yu Lin, James Goppert, Inseok Hwang Feb 2024

Log-Linear Dynamic Inversion Control With Provable Safety Guarantees In Lie Groups, Li-Yu Lin, James Goppert, Inseok Hwang

School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Faculty Publications

In this article, we use the derivative of the exponential map to derive the exact evolution of the logarithm of the tracking error for mixed-invariant systems, a class of systems capable of describing rigid body tracking problems in Lie groups. In addition, we design a log-linear dynamic inversion-based control law to remove the nonlinearities due to spatial curvature and enhance the robustness of the controller. We apply linear matrix inequalities to bound the tracking error given a bounded disturbance amplified by the distortion matrix and leverage the tracking error bound to create flow pipes. To demonstrate the usefulness of our …

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Evaluation Of Enamel Volume Loss After Exposure To Energy Drinks, Karen A. Schulze, Noëlle M. Santucci, Bina Surti, Stefan Habelitz, Mouchumi Bhattacharyya, Warden Noble Feb 2024

Evaluation Of Enamel Volume Loss After Exposure To Energy Drinks, Karen A. Schulze, Noëlle M. Santucci, Bina Surti, Stefan Habelitz, Mouchumi Bhattacharyya, Warden Noble

Pacific Faculty Work

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the erosive potential of various commercial energy drinks (EDs), sports drinks (SDs), and sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and to correlate quantitative changes in tooth enamel volume loss based on the pH and titratable acidity of the drinks. Methods: A flat plane on the facial surface of 36 human incisor teeth was created and embedded in sample holders using resin. After pre-scanning with a profilometer (Proscan 2000, Scantron, Ind Products Ltd., Taunton, UK), the six samples per group were immersed for 4 h into either Monster Energy™ (ED), Rockstar™ (ED), Red Bull™ (ED), or …

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Stack For Computational Science, Mathematics And Engineering E-Learners, Idrissa S. Amour Feb 2024

Stack For Computational Science, Mathematics And Engineering E-Learners, Idrissa S. Amour

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Petroleum economic evaluation involves estimating revenues from forecasted production profiles and field costs including capital expenditures (CAPEX), drilling expenses (DRILLEX), and operating expenses (OPEX). The existing cost-estimating tool requires several inputs making it time-intensive and difficult to use with few data during the early stages of projects. Majority of the previously developed time saving cost estimations proxy models rely on unrealistic assumptions that include uniform operational costs for different fields with a different number of wells, casings, and drilled depths. This work focused at developing proxy models that consider the variability of the development costs with different parameters. The developed …

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Georgia Council For Learning Disabilities Conference Program, Gacld Conference Feb 2024

Georgia Council For Learning Disabilities Conference Program, Gacld Conference

Empowering Educators Conference

No abstract provided.

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Physics-Informed Neural Networks To Model And Control Robots: A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation, Jingyue Liu, Pablo Borja, Cosimo Della Santina Feb 2024

Physics-Informed Neural Networks To Model And Control Robots: A Theoretical And Experimental Investigation, Jingyue Liu, Pablo Borja, Cosimo Della Santina

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

This work concerns the application of physics-informed neural networks to the modeling and control of complex robotic systems. Achieving this goal requires extending physics-informed neural networks to handle nonconservative effects. These learned models are proposed to combine with model-based controllers originally developed with first-principle models in mind. By combining standard and new techniques, precise control performance can be achieved while proving theoretical stability bounds. These validations include real-world experiments of motion prediction with a soft robot and trajectory tracking with a Franka Emika Panda manipulator.

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Investigations Of The Eutectic Formation And Skin Rejuvenation By Hyaluronan - Kojic Acid Dipalmitate System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Sumbal Imran, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Nadia Bashir Feb 2024

Investigations Of The Eutectic Formation And Skin Rejuvenation By Hyaluronan - Kojic Acid Dipalmitate System, Syed Waqar Hussain Shah, Sumbal Imran, Iram Bibi, Kashif Ali, Nadia Bashir

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Eutectic phenomenon has been investigated in binary system based on biopolymer hyaluronan (HN) and kojic acid dipalmitate (KAD). Solid-liquid phase diagram showed a significant dependence of melting points on weight fraction of KAD up to KAD < 0.5. A negligible regain to melting temperature of pure KAD occurred later. Simulations of molecular mechanics using a four-unit segment of HN and KAD revealed the interaction between carbonyl of KAD with 4-OH on N-acetylglucosamine unit of oligomer. Infrared vibrational spectroscopy also endorsed the existence of a weakly interacting system. Such behavior was expected due to steric hinderance and rigidity of biopolymer. The thermal decomposition temperature of HN (i.e., 215 °C) was increased to 322 °C in HK50 having HN and KAD in 1:50 w/w. Bioelectric impedance analysis revealed that these green materials could promote skin health in humans.

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Renewable Heterogeneous Catalyst Zno Supported Biogenic Silica From Pineapple Leaves Ash For Sustainable Biodiesel Conversion, Nadila Pratiwi, Suriati Eka Putri, Yulia Shinta, Arya Ibnu Batara, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Abd Rahman, Nur Ahmad, Heryanto Heryanto Feb 2024

Synthesis And Characterization Of Renewable Heterogeneous Catalyst Zno Supported Biogenic Silica From Pineapple Leaves Ash For Sustainable Biodiesel Conversion, Nadila Pratiwi, Suriati Eka Putri, Yulia Shinta, Arya Ibnu Batara, Diana Eka Pratiwi, Abd Rahman, Nur Ahmad, Heryanto Heryanto

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study reports on the first case of the low-cost and environmentally friendly ZnO/SiO2 heterogeneous catalyst from pineapple leaves ash (PLA). Catalyst shows excellent performance in catalyzing the transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol for biodiesel conversion. This study focuses on assessing the influence of Zn content on physicochemical characteristics, using XRD, FTIR, SEM, and N2 adsorption-desorption methods. In addition, three different Zn content levels (20, 25, and 30 %wt) were applied. The results showed that all ZnO/SiO2 samples exhibited characteristics suitable for use as catalyst with an average crystallite size of 31.83-34.15 nm, and a surface area …

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Breeding Cool-Season Forage Grasses For A Warming Climate, D. P. Malinowski, J. Ford, A. Stewart, D. Woodfield, W. E. Pinchak Feb 2024

Breeding Cool-Season Forage Grasses For A Warming Climate, D. P. Malinowski, J. Ford, A. Stewart, D. Woodfield, W. E. Pinchak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In many parts of the world, changing climatic conditions are resulting in increased temperatures and more variable precipitation, intensifying the duration and severity of drought, especially in summer. Warming climate is considered one reason for the increasing failure of traditional, summer-active cool-season perennial grasses at the margin of their zone of adaptation in naturally C4 grass-dominated ecosystems of the Southern Great Plains of the USA. Two cool-season perennial forage grasses orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.) are of major economic and ecological importance in these regions. In 2008, we initiated a breeding program …

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Invasive Annual Grass Issues In Canadian Rangelands, V. Maloney Feb 2024

Invasive Annual Grass Issues In Canadian Rangelands, V. Maloney

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

It has been understood for several years now that Canadian grasslands are among the world’s most endangered ecosystems. While the endangerment of the world’s coral reefs and rainforests may make the news more often, the increasingly fast decline of native Canadian grasslands is having a major impact on species diversity as well as global carbon supplies. In this paper, I will discuss the impact invasive annual grasses have had on two important rangeland ecosystems in Canada. Furthermore, strategies for protecting and restoring these invaluable lands will be discussed.

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Forage Data Hub – A Platform For Sharing Valuable Datasets For Resilience, Amanda J. Ashworth, L. Marshall, J. J. Volenec, M. Berti, E. Van Santen, C. Williams, V. Gopakumar, J. Foster, V. Picasso, J. Su Feb 2024

Forage Data Hub – A Platform For Sharing Valuable Datasets For Resilience, Amanda J. Ashworth, L. Marshall, J. J. Volenec, M. Berti, E. Van Santen, C. Williams, V. Gopakumar, J. Foster, V. Picasso, J. Su

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In accord with the necessity to enhance ecosystem services and productivity in food systems, is the increase of data availability at multiple scales and over time. To help meet this need, we discuss the development of a National Forage Data Hub which will act as a platform to curate, share, and analyze data pertaining to forage systems. This centralized hub will leverage existing datasets by bridging multiple sources including forage crop—soil, water, and nutrient availability—yield (animal and crop) potential (and gaps)— climate—management systems at high spatial and temporal resolution enabling system interaction assessments through next-generation analytics. This novel approach to …

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Tennessee Master Beef Producer Program Promotes Sustainable Beef Production, K. M. Mason, G. E. Bates, J. D. Rhinehart Feb 2024

Tennessee Master Beef Producer Program Promotes Sustainable Beef Production, K. M. Mason, G. E. Bates, J. D. Rhinehart

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tennessee is home to 1.75 million beef cattle as of January 2022 (USDA, 2022). The majority of cattle farms in Tennessee are cow-calf operations, with a few stocker-backgrounder operations across the state. Most of the cows in the state are maintained on tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort. pastures, with hay being fed in the winter months and sometimes during the summer. Maintenance of a strong cow herd and sufficient grazing land relies on utilization of sustainable production practices. With urban sprawl creating competition for land area, it is important to use production practices that are efficient and attainable …

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Guidelines For Optimal Use Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Nirs) With Sample Preparation And Presentation Across Instrument Platforms, D. W. Mcintosh Feb 2024

Guidelines For Optimal Use Of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (Nirs) With Sample Preparation And Presentation Across Instrument Platforms, D. W. Mcintosh

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Guidelines for optimal use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with sample preparation and presentation across instrument platforms will cover methods and resources specifically for NIRS analysis. Recommendations for sample preprocessing and scanning required to ensure compatibility across calibrations will be highlighted. Proper calibration determinations, monitoring, and performance will be demonstrated to create a baseline for correct use. Additional materials about the use and reporting of nutritive content predictions for publication will be discussed. Goals of this topic session are to develop an understanding of the basics of NIRS technology and provide the basics to what a laboratory is required to …

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Challenges And Opportunities For Revegetation In Areas Dominated By Invasive Annual Grasses, B. A. Mealor, J. A. Crose Feb 2024

Challenges And Opportunities For Revegetation In Areas Dominated By Invasive Annual Grasses, B. A. Mealor, J. A. Crose

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Invasive annual grasses (IAG) are a primary ecological threat to sustainability and ecological integrity of rangelands in the western U.S. While availability of effective tools to control IAG is increasing, ensuring compatibility of control practices with other management practices, such as seeding desirable species, is a critical information need. We summarize a series of studies investigating influences of timing, seeding depth, species selection, and planting timing with various herbicides in sites dominated by invasive annual grasses.

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Transitioning To Multiple-Use Polyculture Grassland-Derived Bioenergy Feedstock Systems, J. P. Muir, J. L. Foster, A. Falk, S. Weiss, W. D. Pitman, W. Alsion, H. D. Naumann, J. R. Bow, C. Shadrock, E. Osei, O. Lasater Feb 2024

Transitioning To Multiple-Use Polyculture Grassland-Derived Bioenergy Feedstock Systems, J. P. Muir, J. L. Foster, A. Falk, S. Weiss, W. D. Pitman, W. Alsion, H. D. Naumann, J. R. Bow, C. Shadrock, E. Osei, O. Lasater

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

We argue that research and development of grassland-derived bioenergy feedstock (GBF) has focused unduly on dedicated monospecific biomass systems to the detriment of more stable multiple-use multispecies grasslands. This has retarded GBF adoption as a viable, sustainable contribution to renewable energy production in North America. We hypothesize that focusing on multiple-use GBFs will foster greater feedstock availability for nascent renewable energy generation while minimizing financial risk to grassland husbandry during market transitions from current grazing systems to more flexible business models. Our hypothesis is that source and demand are more likely to develop simultaneously under less risky multiple-use grassland management. …

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Observing And Simulating Temperate Grasslands In Central Europe, C. Nendel Feb 2024

Observing And Simulating Temperate Grasslands In Central Europe, C. Nendel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This presentation summarises recent activities to observe grassland features using remote sensing and uses this data to feed mechanistic simulation models for temperate grassland vegetation in Central Europe, in order to assess underlying processes that are difficult to observe. Public interest has recently focused on grassland ecosystem services, such as carbon stocks, nitrate retention and greenhouse gas emissions; variables that in principle can be simulated using models. However, current grassland models suffer from the fact that species dynamics in grasslands are very active, and may change in response to water supply and management. As different species come with different traits, …

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The Effect Of Nitrogen Rates And Plant Density On Grain Yield Components And Persistence In Intermediate Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum Intermedium) And Mountain Rye (Secale Strictum), M. T. Newell, N. Munday, R. C. Hayes Feb 2024

The Effect Of Nitrogen Rates And Plant Density On Grain Yield Components And Persistence In Intermediate Wheatgrass (Thinopyrum Intermedium) And Mountain Rye (Secale Strictum), M. T. Newell, N. Munday, R. C. Hayes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Intermediate wheatgrass (IWG; Thinopyrum intermedium) and Mountain Rye (Mtn Rye; Secale strictum) have potential for release as dual-purpose (grazing and grain production) perennial grains in Australia due to their superior longevity compared to hybrid perennial wheats. Initially developed as perennial forage grasses, few management guidelines exist to inform agronomic practices to maximise grain yields and profitability in Australian environments. An experiment was established in 2020 to examine the effect of plant density and nitrogen rates on grain yield components. The experiment compared the two species (IWG, Mtn Rye) sown at three plant densities (50, 100 and 200 plants/m2) …

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Participatory Evaluation Of Urochloa (Brachiaria) Grasses In The Cool Highlands Of Central Kenya, Elkana Nyambati, W. Ayako, S. K. Mailu Feb 2024

Participatory Evaluation Of Urochloa (Brachiaria) Grasses In The Cool Highlands Of Central Kenya, Elkana Nyambati, W. Ayako, S. K. Mailu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grasslands are increasingly threatened by over exploitation, degradation and climate change that has undermined their productive capacity, leading led to inadequate quantity and quality feed. Urochloa grass, a native of eastern Africa has been widely improved and adapted as livestock forage. A farmer participatory study was conducted to evaluate productivity of eight Urochloa grasses (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, U. brizantha cv. Xareas, U. brizantha cv. Piata, U. brizantha cv. MG4, U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, U. humidicola cv. Humidicola, U. humidicola cv. Llanero and Urochloa hybrid Mulato II) compared to controls of Pennisetum purpureum (Napier grass cv. Kakamega 1 …

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Is There A Need For Tailored Graduate Programs For International Students?, K. T. Oduor, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. Dubeux, L. M. D. Queiroz Feb 2024

Is There A Need For Tailored Graduate Programs For International Students?, K. T. Oduor, Lynn E. Sollenberger, J. Dubeux, L. M. D. Queiroz

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

International studies often present opportunities for capacity development and mentorship for students to equip them with the knowledge and skills to address the challenges in their home countries. Typically, international graduate students are drawn from diverse educational and cultural backgrounds different from those in their host countries. Adjusting to these changes might be challenging and time-consuming, thus influencing their academic journey. Understanding these challenges might provide international students the opportunity to address them in time and, where possible, seek help. In this paper, we discuss some graduate program-related challenges international students face and provide potential recommendations that might result in …

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Sunn Hemp As An Alternative Forage In The Texas High Plains Region, S. A. O’Shaughnessy, H. M. Mosqueda, D. K. Brauer Feb 2024

Sunn Hemp As An Alternative Forage In The Texas High Plains Region, S. A. O’Shaughnessy, H. M. Mosqueda, D. K. Brauer

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage production in the Texas High Plains, a semi-arid region, is critical to sustain the local cattle industry. However, the main source of water for irrigation is the highly depleted Ogallala Aquifer, making forage crop water productivity (CWP) of high importance. In this one-year study, three types of forages were cultivated under deficit irrigation treatments of 80% and 50% of full crop water use. The forages were: a non-brown midrib forage sorghum; a legume, sunn hemp; and a sorghum/sunn hemp mix. The experiment was conducted in Bushland, Texas in 2019. Treatment plots were arranged in a split plot design with …

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Differences In Carbon Sequestration And Water Use Between A Semi-Arid Native Grassland And Encroaching Vachellia Karroo Woodland, C. Weideman, A. R. Palmer, G. Carolyn, Kathleen Smart Feb 2024

Differences In Carbon Sequestration And Water Use Between A Semi-Arid Native Grassland And Encroaching Vachellia Karroo Woodland, C. Weideman, A. R. Palmer, G. Carolyn, Kathleen Smart

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Tree and shrub encroachment and proliferation in global grasslands and savannas is widely considered to imply a trade-off between ecosystem C and H2O regulating functions, based on the premise that increased C sequestration associated with higher woody biomass ostensibly drive declines in water production through concomitant increases in evapotranspiration (ET), but evidence for this across climatic and environmental gradients is equivocal. To evaluate these claims, we ran a paired eddy covariance experiment in a native semi-arid C4 grassland and adjacent encroaching Vachellia karroo woodland on the eastern seaboard of South Africa and compared ecosystem C and H2O budgets over nearly …

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Contribute To A Definition Of Extensive Grazing (Mediterranean), J. Potes, J. P. F. Almeida, C. Matos, A. Teixeira Feb 2024

Contribute To A Definition Of Extensive Grazing (Mediterranean), J. Potes, J. P. F. Almeida, C. Matos, A. Teixeira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The subject of this paper is a definition of Extensive Grazing from Extensive Systems of Animal Production in Mediterranean environments. The edaphoclimatic characterization is essential to understand the low level of primary productivity as a consequence of irregular precipitation over the year and its absence during the long, dry and hot summer. The powerless of soils justify the limited contribution of plants and make clear the necessary recovery of the soil and storage of water naturally (soil) or artificially (irrigation). Considering the IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) definition of extensive grazing it has been used the …

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