Digital Commons Network^™

Diffusion-Steered Algorithm For Improving Quality Of Images Generated By Electrical Capacitance Tomography Measurement System, George Nyotoka, Nassor Ally, Josiah Nombo

Tanzania Journal of Science

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a non-invasive, non-intrusive, radiation-free, robust, and cost-efficient measurement system that generates cross-sectional images of industrial operations by measuring differences in dielectric properties within a container. Despite its advantages, the poor quality of reconstructed images limits its applicability. Researchers have explored both non-iterative and iterative methods to address this issue, yet the resulting image quality remains insufficient for high-stakes applications where accurate decision-making is critical. This study proposes a novel algorithm that integrates the ECT model with a diffusion-steered image denoising functional, enhancing the quality of ECT reconstructed images beyond existing methods. Empirical comparisons show that …

Enhancing Tumor Classification Through Machine Learning Algorithms For Breast Cancer Diagnosis, Lawrence Agbota, Edmund F. Agyemang, Priscilla Kissi-Appiah, Lateef Moshood, Akua Osei- Nkwantabisa, Vincent Agbenyeavu, Abraham Nsiah, Augustina Adjei

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

In cancer diagnosis, machine learning helps improve cancer detection by providing doctors with a second perspective and allowing for faster and more accurate determination and decisions. Numerous studies have used both classic machine learning approaches and deep learning to address cancer classification. In this study, we examine the efficacy of five commonly used machine learning algorithms; both traditional and deep learning models namely, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree and Deep Neural Networks (DNN). We analyze their ability to properly classify tumors as Benign or Malignant using the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset (WBCD). Random Forest …

On The Size Of Maximal Binary Codes With 2, 3, And 4 Distances, Alexander Barg, Alexey Glazyrin, Wei-Jiun Kao, Ching-Yi Lai, Pin-Chieh Tseng, Wei-Hsuan Yu

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

We address the maximum size of binary codes and binary constant weight codes with few distances. Previous works established a number of bounds for these quantities as well as the exact values for a range of small code lengths. As our main results, we determine the exact size of maximal binary codes with two distances for all lengths n≥6 as well as the exact size of maximal binary constant weight codes with 2, 3, and 4 distances for several values of the weight and for all but small lengths.

Prevalent Chronic Infections Modulate T-Cell Phenotypes And Functions Enhancing Hiv Susceptibility, Dissemination, And Persistence In African Population, Thomas F. Marandu, Mkunde S. Chachage

Tanzania Journal of Science

While many studies have associated HIV prevalence with socio-economic status, few have explored the host's immunity status prior to HIV infection. High HIV prevalence in Africa may in part be contributed by a high prevalence of other persistent infections that modulate the host immunity towards phenotypes that promote HIV acquisition. In this narrative review, we examined how four most prevalent pathogens in Africa (human papillomavirus, herpesviruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and helminth infections) modulate immunity to favor their survival and in turn, also influence HIV acquisition. We have described how these pathogens expand the number of memory and activated T cells, increase …

Application Of Time-Varying Mortality Rate Model In Pension System: A Case Of Tanzania, Samya Suleiman, John Andongwisye, Emmanuel E. Sinkwembe, Karl Lundengård

Tanzania Journal of Science

The current increase in the ageing population, driven by a decrease in mortality rates, has impacted most pay-as-you-go defined benefit pension schemes. The resulting increase in the dependency ratio places a greater burden on these schemes. Many pension funds currently use static lifetables to project future obligations, overlooking the gradual decline in mortality rates. This study explores the application of a time-varying mortality rate model to forecast Tanzanian mortality rates. The time-varying model was successfully employed together with multi state method to project and analyse the funding ratio and cashflow to asset value ratio of the mandatory Tanzania Public Service …

Performance Comparison Of Deep Learning Models In Predicting Hiv Incidences In Tanzania, Zaituni Kaijage, Honest Kimaro, Hellen Maziku

Tanzania Journal of Science

Human immunodeficiency virus infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a global pandemic that has claimed more than 40 million lives since it was discovered in the late 1970s. In sub-Saharan Africa, including Tanzania. Different measures to combat the diseases have failed to be attained, like the UNAIDS 90-90-90 target, which aimed to reduce HIV by 2020, and it was moved to 2030. The availability of proper tools to control and monitor diseases and ensure proper early intervention is very important. Prediction of disease trends using Machine Learning (ML) models can improve speed towards attaining the UNAIDS targets by providing accurate …

Student Partners In Ai Literacy: A Library And Writing Center Collaboration, A. P. Anderson

Velma K. Waters Library Faculty Publications

Student voices are valuable but often overlooked in discussions surrounding the role of AI in higher education. AI Literacy education efforts that treat students only as a potential audience for instruction rather than as potential instructors themselves miss out on the passion, curiosity, and complex questions that students can bring to these conversations. If we center student voices in AI Literacy education discussions, and encourage both their enthusiasm and skepticism, students can become comfortable and confident in leading discussions about AI in the classroom and in their lives. In my proposed poster presentation, I will share insights from an AI …

Hierarchical Quantized Autoencoders: Using Hierarchical Models For Data Compression Across Multiple Domains, Armani Lorenzo Rodriguez

Theses and Dissertations

In the era of vast data processing and transmission, sending data over a channel for downstream operations is a very common occurrence. The bandwidth of this data channel acts as a limiting factor in this operation, capping the amount of data that can be sent over a time period. Therefore, in addition to pursuing advancements in networking technology, there exists a need for more efficient means of data compression. Learned compression is the application of machine learning models to the data compression problem, and in this study, we leverage the ability of neural networks to learn the underlying structure of …

Children's Mathematical Engagement Based On Their Awareness Of Coding Toy Design Features, Joseph Kozlowski, Jessica Shumway, Patricia Moyer-Packenham, Jody Clarke-Midura, Victor Lee

Teacher Education and Leadership Faculty Publications

Tangible coding toys are designed to make coding accessible to young children, and because of their tangible and spatial nature, they are also viewed as tools for engaging children in mathematics. Research is needed to understand children's awareness of toys' design features and how they afford mathematical engagement. We conducted a qualitative study of 106 5-to-6-year-old children completing coding tasks (42 hours of video). Our research questions focused on children's perceptions of design features, mathematical engagement, and how different design features afforded mathematics engagement. Results indicated (a) children perceived a variety of design features across coding toys; (b) children engaged …

Decision-Making Algorithms For Drilling Instrument Control Systems, Fuzayl Fozil Ugli Odilov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The control of the movement of the drilling tool and the structure of the well are considered. An effective control algorithm for drilling systems that provides control of well trajectory parameters is analyzed. In technological processes, it is necessary to control several parameters or several systems at the same time. It is considered necessary to create decision-making algorithms for the formation of managerial effects for the control system of such technological processes. The controlled oriented type of the bottom of the drill string was analyzed. Work was carried out on the decision-making algorithm for the processing of control effects. The …

Using A Neural Network To Remove Noise From Images, Anvar Asatilloyevich Ravshanov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article proposes modern approaches to the problem of noise reduction in images using neural networks and also analyses the possibilities of noise reduction using neural networks. The convolutional neural network model and the Mediana, Sobel filter were considered for image denoising. The quality improvement of the trained neural network and the comparison with classical noise reduction methods have been carried out.

Comparison Of Value At Risk Using Historical And Monte Carlo Methods On Pt Xyz Stock Portofolio, Eka Fitriani, Yulial Hikmah, Ira Rosianal Hikmah

Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan

One way to achieve profits in a company is through investment activities. However, everything has risks. Investing can also be risky. Therefore, the relationship between risk and investment is important because it will influence the determination of investment selection. The problem faced by investors is choosing an efficient portfolio, or a portfolio that provides the smallest risk. This risk can be done by measuring risk, one of which is using the Value at Risk (VaR) measure. Measurement using Value at Risk has several methods that are quite popular, namely the Historical Method, Variance-Covariance, and Monte Carlo. In this research, the …

Structural And Parametric Identification Of Recycling Systems, Khusan Igamberdiev, Madina Mirxalilovma Fozilova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The issue of identifying recirculation systems with a specific control loop, in which information and control information about various technological processes circulate, is being considered. A methodology for identifying recirculation systems has been developed, based on algorithms for structural identification of the model based on the results of assessing the sensitivity of the optimum of control parameters and a fuzzy inference algorithm based on production rules that contribute to solving the problem of parametric identification.

Ai Literacy Innovations: Chatgpt's Integration Into A First-Year Information Literacy Program, Taylor J. Greene, Douglas R. Dechow

Library Presentations, Posters, and Audiovisual Materials

In the dynamic field of information technology, integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) literacy into information literacy instruction is now essential to ensure the ethical and productive use of generative AI by our students. This poster demonstrates our innovative approach to embedding AI literacy within the first-year information literacy program at an R2 research university. We used a two-pronged strategy: an “AI Literacy” section in Canvas and practical demonstrations of applying ChatGPT in live library sessions. The Canvas module section equips students with foundational knowledge and critical thinking about using generative AI for research and learning activities. It covers AI fundamentals, …

Association Of Longitudinal Changes In 24-H Blood Pressure Level And Variability With Cognitive Decline, Jesus D. Melgarejo, Kristina Vatcheva, Silvia Mejia-Arango, Sokratis Charisis, Luis J. Mena, Rosa P. Mavarez, Antonio Garcia, Ney Alliey Rodriguez, John Blangero, Gladys Maestre

School of Medicine Publications

Objective:

A high office blood pressure (BP) is associated with cognitive decline. However, evidence of 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring is limited, and no studies have investigated whether longitudinal changes in 24-h BP are associated with cognitive decline. We aimed to test whether higher longitudinal changes in 24-h ambulatory BP measurements are associated with cognitive decline.

Methods:

We included 437 dementia-free participants from the Maracaibo Aging Study with prospective data on 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring and cognitive function, which was assessed using the selective reminding test (SRT) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Using multivariate linear mixed regression models, we analyzed …

Fourth Grade Teachers’ Experiences Addressing Low Reading Achievement, Sametria S. Alexander

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The research problem addressed in this study was the low reading achievement scores of fourth grade students and fourth grade reading teachers’ struggles raising reading achievement. The purpose of the study was to explore fourth grade reading teachers’ experiences of finding strategies and interventions to improve reading achievement. The theoretical frameworks were Gough and Tunmer’s simple view of reading and Chall’s stages of reading development. The research questions addressed fourth grade reading teachers’ use of strategies and approaches and fourth grade reading teachers’ beliefs about school support. The study used a basic qualitative approach with semistructured interviews from 10 U.S. …

Teacher Development- Going Beyond Conventional To A Collaborative Approach, Scott Robinson

Graduate Teacher Education

Professional development (PD) is a foundation of growth for K-12 educators. PD is the mechanism that allows teachers to improve their teaching by learning new materials or strategies. Teacher learning is essential in providing students with a high-quality education. Not all PD models are equal or designed the same way. There are many types of PD, and some models significantly impact teacher motivation, effectiveness, and student outcomes. Teachers expressed that traditional methods of PD were not meeting their needs and that a more collaborative approach would provide more opportunities for professional growth. Studies indicated that while a moderate amount of …

Assessment Of Metrological Errors Of Recognition Metrics In The Intelligent Control And Regulation System Of The Cotton Harvesting Machine, Erkin Uljaev, Utkirjon Murodillaevich Ubaydullaev, Azizjon Abdulla Ugli Abdulhamidov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article presents a method for assessing the error of metrics of an intelligent system for monitoring and regulating the width of the working gap of the harvesting apparatus of a cotton picker. To assess the error, the calculation of the average value of the standard deviation of metrics, absolute systematic and random errors, as well as absolute and relative total errors are used. The results of these calculations will allow us to determine the accuracy of the recognition system and opportunities for its improvement.

Control And Management Of The Balance Of Active And Reactive Power In A Power Supply System With A Solar Power Plant, Narzullo Nuriddinovich Mirzoyev, Siroj Sobirovich Nurov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article discusses the development of a measurement and control system for monitoring and managing the balance of active and reactive power at power plants based on “Green” energy sources. Monitoring and management of the balance of active and reactive power based on a measurement and control system, calculated expressions are developed to solve the problem of reactive power compensation when transmitting electricity at power plants based on “green” energy sources. Reactive power is calculated based on measured active power, and combined reactive power sources generate the reactive power required by the network based on control signals. Schemes for connecting …

Synthesis Of An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control System For Steam Generator Temperature, Isomiddin Xakimovich Siddikov, Dilnoza Maxamadjanovna Umurzakova

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This paper is devoted to the modeling and synthesis of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy control system for steam generator temperature. Temperature control systems play an important role in industry because accurate and stable control is a prerequisite for the efficient operation of steam systems. Traditional control methods based on mathematical models and fixed parameter controllers may have limitations in providing optimal performance and adapting to changing operating conditions. The paper proposes a synthesized system combining fuzzy logic and adaptation methods to achieve more accurate and stable temperature control. A detailed structural diagram of the system, modeling, and tuning methods are presented. …

Research Of The Fuzzy Control System For Adjusting Thread Tension During The Warping Process, To'xtamurod Hayitmurodovich Avezov, Zokhid Ergashboyevich Iskandarov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

The paper considered issues of research into a fuzzy control system for the warping process. During the warping process, the reasons that cause defects in the final finished product have been studied, firstly (remove this word) which are thread breakage, thread tangling, the formation of loops on or under the belt, hanging loose threads and similar factors. To study the warping process, its mathematical model is constructed. Kinematic parameters of stationary movement corresponding to the equilibrium mode were determined by solving the nonlinear functional matrix - equation of movement. The process of breakage the warp of the threads under oscillation …

Wearable Alcohol Monitoring Device For The Data-Driven Transcutaneous Alcohol Diffusion Model, Md Ashfaq Ahmed

All Publications

Wearable alcohol monitoring devices demand noninvasive, real-time measurement of blood alcohol content (BAC) reliably and continuously. A few commercial devices are available to determine BAC noninvasively by detecting transcutaneous diffused alcohol. However, they suffer from a lack of accuracy and reliability in the determination of BAC in real time due to the complex scenario of the human skin for transcutaneous alcohol diffusion and numerous factors (e.g., skin thickness, kinetics of alcohol, body weight, age, sex, metabolism rate, etc.). In this work, a transcutaneous alcohol diffusion model has been developed from real-time captured data from human wrists to better understand the …

Wearable Alcohol Monitoring Device For The Data-Driven Transcutaneous Alcohol Diffusion Model, Ahmed Hasnain Jalal, Sepehr Arbabi, Mohammad A. Ahad, Fahmida Alam, Md. Ashfaq Ahmed

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Wearable alcohol monitoring devices demand noninvasive, real-time measurement of blood alcohol content (BAC) reliably and continuously. A few commercial devices are available to determine BAC noninvasively by detecting transcutaneous diffused alcohol. However, they suffer from a lack of accuracy and reliability in the determination of BAC in real time due to the complex scenario of the human skin for transcutaneous alcohol diffusion and numerous factors (e.g., skin thickness, kinetics of alcohol, body weight, age, sex, metabolism rate, etc.). In this work, a transcutaneous alcohol diffusion model has been developed from real-time captured data from human wrists to better understand the …

Evaluating Past Progress And Assessing Prediction Breeding Strategies For Sustained Genetic Gains In The Louisiana Sugarcane Variety Development Program, Brayden A. Blanchard

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

The aim of this dissertation is to outline important considerations for the Louisiana Sugarcane Variety Development Program (LSVDP) as it pertains to historical progress, impact, goal setting, and new strategies for continued genetic gains. Industry progress was evaluated with robust regression models to quantify rates of productivity gains. Over the last 50 years, statistically significant productivity gains were identified in sucrose content (45%), cane yield (32.2%), and sugar yield (93%) while pairwise comparisons of decades showed that progress was incremental rather than rapid and sustained once achieved. The decade from 1990-1999 was identified as the only decade with a significant …

Good In Theory, Difficult In Practice: An Examination Of Secondary Algebra Teachers’ Views About Rti, Joseph Lauchstaedt, James P. Concannon

Mid-Western Educational Researcher

Research about response to intervention (RtI) programs has primarily focused on the elementary level, and there is a noticeable lack of research specific to secondary mathematics RtI programs. As such, the focus of this qualitative study was secondary algebra teachers’ perceptions and self-efficacy for the implementation of RtI. Research participants consisted of eight secondary algebra teachers that had implemented RtI programs and had at least five years of teaching experience. A semi-structured interview protocol was utilized to discuss the types of interventions they utilized, perceptions of the implementation, beliefs in their ability to effectively implement RtI, along with their view …

The Moderating Role Of Perseverance And Determination In Action In The Context Of Self-Efficacy And Life Satisfaction Of Sportspeople With Mobility Impairment, Natalia Segiet, Krzysztof Gerc

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

Introduction: The article assumes the biopsychosocial model of disability and refers, inter alia, to the assumptions of the concept of empowerment, which recognizes the fact that practicing sports by people with disabilities creates favorable conditions for strengthening resources and developing skills. An attempt was made to develop a model that verifies the moderating importance of mental resilience in the aspect of experiencing a sense of effectiveness and life satisfaction in sportspeople with mobility impairment. Material and method: The research conducted in an encrypted online manner involved 58 people (31 able-bodied sportspeople and 27 sportspeople with physical disabilities). The following tools …

Hyper-Dimensional Computing And Its Applications In Tinyml, Ellis A. Weglewski

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

As computing systems enter the realm of nano form levels, new fields of computational development have spawned, each posing their own set of challenges. Amongst these fields is Tiny Machine Learning (tinyML), which aims to install machine learning on tiny embedded systems. The restrictions imposed upon algorithms by the limited hardware of nano-scale tiny systems make contemporary approaches to machine learning non-contenders. Hyperdimensional computing is an approach to representing data as high-dimensional vectors which allows for one-pass encoding and quick all-encompassing comparison operations via an associative memory. This approach is power-efficient, robust, and can be done in-memory, all of which …

Enhancing Evolutionary Computation Through Phylogenetic Analysis, Chenfei Peng

Scholarly Horizons: University of Minnesota, Morris Undergraduate Journal

In this paper, we will provide an overview of the paper “Phylogeny-informed fitness estimation for test-based parent selection” by Lalejini, et al. [7] Phylogenies, or ancestry trees, provide a detailed look into the evolutionary journey of a population. In evolutionary computation, a phylogeny can represent the progress of an evolutionary algorithm through a search space. Although phylogenetic analysis is mainly used to deepen the understanding of evolutionary algorithms after they have been run, this study explores its potential use in real-time to enhance parent selection during evolutionary searches. The research by Lalejini, et al. introduces the concept of phylogeny-informed fitness …

The Potential Impact Of Endangered Species Legislation On Federal Grazing Lands And The Livestock Industry, G M. Luciuk, B Bristol, T W. Weins, D M. Boyle

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Crown based grazing is an integral part of the management structure of cattle operations, and is very important to the economic fabric of rural communities. Federal crown lands, such as the PFRA operated community pastures are an integral part of the resource conservation efforts in western Canada. These lands represent a significant reservoir of the remaining natural lands which are important for wildlife habitat. Sustainable management of such contiguous blocks of land is essential for the maintenance of biodiversity. Proposed endangered species legislation would require the development of recovery plans on federal lands for endangered, threatened and extirpated species. Rural …

Concepts For Mining Landscape Development In Eastern Germany With Grazing Animals And Agroforestry, S Eichler, F Herzog

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Leipzig South (Saxony) has been heavily transformed by open cast lignite mining. Alternative forms of land use are sought which contribute to an increase of biodiversity and an improvement of soil quality. This could be achieved by the selective introduction of grazing animals and perennials. Specific scenarios for open pits, dumping areas, open pits’ slopes and land reclaimed for agriculture are proposed. Socio-economic drawbacks are outlined.