Digital Commons Network^™

Three Economist’S Tools For Antitrust And Merger Analysis: Case Applications, Russell W. Pittman

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

This paper presents a non-technical introduction to three economic tools that have in recent years become widespread in competition law enforcement in general and in the analysis of proposed mergers in particular: critical loss analysis, upward pricing pressure, and the vertical arithmetic. In addition, for each tool, its use in a recent U.S. merger case is illustrated: for critical loss analysis, the Novelis/Aleris merger; for upward pricing pressure, the GE/Electrolux merger; and for the vertical arithmetic, the Comcast/NBCU joint venture.

The Normal Gem, November 1891, Vol. Iv, No. 2, Florence State Normal School

Documents

Four pages of the November 1891 edition of The Normal Gem newspaper.

The Normal Gem: A Monthly Journal Devoted to the Interest of Education in Alabama existed as one of the University of North Alabama’s earliest student news publications. The publication derives its name from the university’s designation as the Florence State Normal School, the first state-supported teachers' college south of the Ohio River, which existed from 1872 through 1928 until the name was once again changed to Florence State College. The newspapers within the collection feature reflections on student life and education from October of 1889 through November of …

Electromagnetic Simulations For Vulnerable Road User Safety In 5g/6g Wireless Systems, Colin Mcnerny

Theses and Dissertations

Protecting vulnerable road users is imperative. As 5G wireless technology matures and 6G standards are established, new operational technology emerges to reduce traffic accidents. There is widespread evidence to support the need for pedestrian awareness in modern traffic ecosystems as a significant number of vulnerable road users are injured or killed every year due to observable traffic failures. Computational electromagnetic (CEM) solvers are used to model, simulate, and analyze the performance of antennas deployed to meet this challenge. Validation studies using the Altair FEKO CEM solver demonstrate scenarios where vulnerable road users are at risk. The simulation data in this …

Artificial Intelligence And Additive Manufacturing As A Coupled Design System: Rethinking Inference, Manufacturability, And Design Education, Charul Chadha, Garth Crosby, Sabit Ekin, Mohamed Gharib, Eman Hammad, Congrui Jin, Ali Ahmad Malik, Noemi Mendoza Diaz, Calahan Mollan, Monsuru Ramoni

Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications

Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming deeply integrated into additive manufacturing (AM) workflows, reshaping how designers approach geometry, materials, and process constraints. AI holds significant potential by accelerating design exploration, revealing complex patterns in AM behavior, and supporting earlier assessment of manufacturability. At the same time, it introduces new risks related to model transparency, data quality, physical validity, and the potential for overreliance by students and practitioners. This perspective examines these issues through four guiding questions that address the role of AI in AM-enabled design, the gaps that limit or enable AI contribution, the implications for engineering education, and the responsibilities …

Tidychangepoint: A Unified Framework For Analyzing Changepoint Detection In Univariate Time Series, Ben Baumer, Biviana Marcela Suárez Sierra

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

We present tidychangepoint, a new R package for changepoint detection analysis. Most R packages for segmenting univariate time series focus on providing one or two algorithms for changepoint detection that work with a small set of models and penalized objective functions, and all of them return a custom, nonstandard object type. This makes comparing results across various algorithms, models, and penalized objective functions unnecessarily difficult. tidychangepoint solves this problem by wrapping functions from a variety of existing packages and storing the results in a common S3 class called tidycpt. The package then provides functionality for easily extracting comparable numeric or …

Defining Clinically Relevant Responses In Erectile Function: An Smsna Position Statement, Landon Trost, Faysal Yafi, Alan Shindel, Mohit Khera, Raymond C Rosen, Petar Bajic, Helen Bernie, Martin Gross, Johanna Hannan, Sevann Helo, Lawrence Jenkins Ii, Carol Podlasek, Daniel Watter, Matthew Ziegelmann, Tobias Köhler

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: To date, no scoring system has adequately defined clinical efficacy of erectile dysfunction (ED) therapies when evaluating differences between cohorts or in meta-analytic studies.

Aim: To outline the minimal criteria required for any therapy to be considered clinically effective in the treatment of ED.

Methods: An analytic review was performed of standardized ED questionnaires, with a particular emphasis placed on the International Index of Erectile Function, Erectile Function Domain (IIEF-EFD), and the minimally clinically important difference (MCID) concept. The data were used to create a societal position statement and recommendations on best practices within clinical trials to determine treatment …

Retraction Notice: Solving Time-Fractional Nonlinear Variable-Order Delay Pdes Using Feedforward Neural Networks, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alruhaili, Hala S.; Hussain, Adel S.; Ajlouni, Abdullah M. S.; Türk, Funda; Az-Zo'bi, Emad A.; and Tashtoush, Mohammad A. (2025) ``Solving Time-Fractional Nonlinear Variable-Order Delay PDEs Using Feedforward Neural Networks,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1284.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/12.

Retraction Notice: Software Engineering-Oriented Text Generation And Analysis Using Gpt-2, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Hussien, Nadia Mahmood; Farhan, Aumama Mohammed; Mohialden, Yasmin Makki; Jabbar, Qabas Abdal Zahraa; Abdulmaged, Shahbaa Mohammed; and Arif, Asmaa Hatem (2025) ``Software Engineering-Oriented Text Generation and Analysis Using GPT-2,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1312
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/32

Retraction Notice: Robust Security System: A Novel Facial Recognition Optimization Using Coronavirus-Inspired Algorithm And Machine Learning, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Kadhim, Saif Mohanad; Siaw Paw, Johnny Koh; Tak, Yaw Chong; and Al-Latief, Shahad Thamear Abd (2025) ``Robust Security System: A Novel Facial Recognition Optimization Using Coronavirus-Inspired Algorithm and Machine Learning,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1260.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/19.

Retraction Notice: Navigating The Complexities And Artificial Intelligence Of Internet Of Things Security Claims, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Mohamed, Tamara Saad and Khalifah, Saad Mohammed (2025) "Navigating the Complexities and Artificial Intelligence of Internet of Things Security Claims," Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1270
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/28

Retraction Notice: Metaguard: A Federated Learning Approach To Hybrid Xgboost And Meta-Learning Models For Proactive Cyber Threat Hunting, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Al-Khalisy, Shatha H. Jafer and Al-Kateb, Ghada Emad (2025) ``MetaGuard: A Federated Learning Approach to Hybrid XGBoost and Meta-Learning Models for Proactive Cyber Threat Hunting,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1300.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/27.

Retraction Notice: Mathematical Properties And Simulations Of The Neutrosophic Gompertz-Inverse Burr-X Distribution With Application To Under-Five Mortality, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Jumaa, Mustafa Hassan; Qaddoori, Asmaa S.; Khalaf, Sara A.; Noori, Nooruldeen A.; and Khaleel, Mundher A. (2025) ``Mathematical Properties and Simulations of the Neutrosophic Gompertz-Inverse Burr-X Distribution with Application to Under-Five Mortality,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1297. Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/23.

Retraction Notice: Iot Flow Parameters Classification Based On Machine Learning Techniques, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: El-Kenawy, El-Sayed M.; Eid, Marwa M.; Shukur, Ban Salman; Alhussan, Amel Ali; and Khafaga, Doaa Sami (2025) ``IoT Flow Parameters Classification Based on Machine Learning Techniques,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1301.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/28.

Retraction Notice: Intrusion Detection System For Iot Based On Modified Random Forest Algorithm, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Akif, Omar Z.; Ali, Sura Mazin; Sabih, Ann F.; Sadiq, Ahmed T.; and Subramaniam, S. K. (2025) ``Intrusion Detection System for IoT Based on Modified Random Forest Algorithm,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1258.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/17.

Retraction Notice: Image Denoising Using Smooth Total Variation Function For 5g Enhanced Mobile Broadband Transmission System, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ibrahem, Shehab Ahmed; Abdulwahab, Walled Khalid; and Shuwandy, Moceheb Lazam (2025) ``Image denoising using smooth total variation function for 5G enhanced mobile broadband transmission system,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1244.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss1/14.

Retraction Notice: Hotspot Issue Handling And Reliable Data Forwarding Technique For Ocean Underwater Sensor Networks, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Mahdi, Omar Adil; Al-Mayouf, Yusor Rafid Bahar; Al-Obaidi, Sameer Sami Hassan; AL-Attar, Bourair; Balogun, Hamed; and Khan, Suleman (2025). ``Hotspot Issue Handling and Reliable Data Forwarding Technique for Ocean Underwater Sensor Networks,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1307.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/37.

Retraction Notice: High-Performance System For Predicting Icu Patient Durations Using Artificial Neural Networks With Transfer Learning, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Awsaj, Mahmood. K.; Mashhadany, Yousif Al; and ChaariFourati, Lamia (2025) ``High-Performance System for Predicting ICU Patient Durations Using Artificial Neural Networks with Transfer Learning,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1285.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/19.

Retraction Notice: Fuzzy Backstepping Approach To Stabilizing Fuzzy Parabolic Partial Differential Equations, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: John, Zainab; Fadhel, Fadhel S.; Karim, Samsul Ariffin Abdul; and Ying, Teh Yuan (2025) "Fuzzy Backstepping Approach to Stabilizing Fuzzy Parabolic Partial Differential Equations," Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1338
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/13

Retraction Notice: Evaluating The Performance Of The Dbscan Algorithm's Using Number Of External Scores Measures, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Abbas, Rajaa Hasan; Hashim, Huda Qusay; and Nasser, Huda Karem (2025) ``Evaluating the Performance of the DBSCAN Algorithm's using Number of External Scores Measures,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1310.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/41.

Retraction Notice: Efficient Multi-User Computation Offloading And Reducing Latency In Mobile-Edge Computing For Iot Applications, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Abdul-Samad, Sarmad T.; Al-Hwaidi, Osamah; and Muslem, Ali Abd Al-Rasool (2025) ``Efficient Multi-User Computation Offloading and Reducing Latency in Mobile-Edge Computing for IoT Applications,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1298.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/29.

Retraction Notice: Dynamics And Stability Analysis Of 8-Dimensional Hyperchaotic Systems: Study Of Lyapunov Exponents, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Hamad, Abdulsattar Abdullah; Ali, Nida Muhsin; and Khalil, Muayyad Mahmood (2025) ``Dynamics and Stability Analysis of 8-Dimensional Hyperchaotic Systems: Study of Lyapunov Exponents,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1295.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/18.

Retraction Notice: Deep Learning-Based Beamforming Optimization For Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Wireless Communication Systems, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Jassim, Mohammed Firas; Mohammed, Alhamzah Taher; and Abdullah, Osamah (2025) ``Deep Learning-Based Beamforming Optimization for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Assisted Wireless Communication Systems,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1233.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss1/7.

Retraction Notice: Data Envelopment Analysis Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis And Bootstrap Confidence Intervals, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alqahtani, Fahad F. (2025) ``Data Envelopment Analysis using Stochastic Frontier Analysis and Bootstrap Confidence Intervals,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1254.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/11.

Retraction Notice: Comparative Study Based On Continuous Analysis Of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Deep Learning With Model Interpretability Insights, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Sar, Ayan; Mahdi, Hussain Falih; Aich, Sumit; Singh, Pranav; and Choudhury, Tanupriya (2025) ``Comparative Study based on Continuous Analysis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Using Advanced Deep Learning with Model Interpretability Insights,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1291.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/16.

Retraction Notice: Cipher Text To Secure Li-Fi System Using Hybrid Encryption Algorithm, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ahmed, Mohammed M. and Alnajjar, Satea H. (2025) ``Cipher Text to Secure Li-Fi System Using Hybrid Encryption Algorithm,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 2, Article 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1257.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss2/16.

Retraction Notice: Capsule Network Model For Detecting Spoofing Attack In The Internet Of Medical Things (Iomt), Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alsharaiah, Mohammad A.; Almaiah, Mohammed Amin; Obeidat, Mansour; and Shehab, Rami (2025) ``Capsule Network Model for Detecting Spoofing Attack in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT),'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1306.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/35.

Retraction Notice: Automated Diagnosis Of Orthopedic Patients With Vertebral Column Disorders Using Advanced Mathematical Modeling, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Feng, Chen; Sun, Zhenhua; Dai, Xinheng; and Wen, Hongli (2025) ``Automated Diagnosis of Orthopedic Patients with Vertebral Column Disorders Using Advanced Mathematical Modeling,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1304.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/34.

Retraction Notice: Analysis Of Energy Sector Co2 Emanations Using Wavelet-Based Numerical Technique, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: R., Yeshwanth and S., Kumbinarasaiah (2025) ``Analysis of Energy Sector CO2 Emanations Using Wavelet-Based Numerical Technique,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1313.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/2.

Retraction Notice: Ai-Driven Flood Prediction, Monitoring, And Warning Systems: Design, Evaluation, And Simulation, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Alkharabsheh, Abdel Rahman A. and Momani, Lina M. (2025) ``AI-Driven Flood Prediction, Monitoring, and Warning Systems: Design, Evaluation, and Simulation,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 4, Article 8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1337.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss4/8.

Retraction Notice: Adaptive Crossover And Mutation Mechanisms For Enhanced Lpb Algorithm Performance, Iraqi Journal For Computer Science And Mathematics

Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics

NOTICE OF RETRACTION FOR: Ahmed, Abbas M. and Rashid, Tarik A. (2025) ``Adaptive Crossover and Mutation Mechanisms for Enhanced LPB Algorithm Performance,'' Iraqi Journal for Computer Science and Mathematics: Vol. 6: Iss. 3, Article 48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52866/2788-7421.1323.
Available at: https://ijcsm.researchcommons.org/ijcsm/vol6/iss3/48.