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Experimental Investigation On Heat Transfer In A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed With A Bundle Of Heat Exchanging Tubes, Zahraa W. Hasan, Jamal Ali, Abbas Sultan, Laith Sabri, Maryam Tariq, Hussein Ghalib, Muthanna Al-Dahhan Mar 2026

Experimental Investigation On Heat Transfer In A Gas-Solid Fluidized Bed With A Bundle Of Heat Exchanging Tubes, Zahraa W. Hasan, Jamal Ali, Abbas Sultan, Laith Sabri, Maryam Tariq, Hussein Ghalib, Muthanna Al-Dahhan

Engineering and Technology Journal

A fluidized bed reactor is commonly used for highly exothermic reactions for different chemical industrial processes. However, inefficient removal of the generated heat due to the exothermic reaction can seriously influence reactor performance. Hence, quantifying and understanding the heat transfer phenomena in this reactor is essential to enhance the performance of the reactor and consequently the chemical process. To achieve a better quantification and understanding of the heat transport in this reactor, an advanced heat transfer technique has been used in this study to quantify the impact of the presence of the cooling tubes on the local heat transfer coefficient …

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High Gain Transformer-Less Inverter Based-On Capacitor Clamping Multi-Phase Boost Converter, Oday Saad, Jasim Hussain Mar 2026

High Gain Transformer-Less Inverter Based-On Capacitor Clamping Multi-Phase Boost Converter, Oday Saad, Jasim Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

ABSTRACTThe boosting converters integrated with inverters are widespread use in many applications under transformerless inverter titles, including powered vehicles, PV systems, fuel cells systems and so on. Reliability, quality, maintainability, and reduction in size are important requirements in the energy conversion process. The multi-phase boost converter can be adopted as a good solution with high power applications. The multi-phase boost enhanced by clamping capacitor structure is providing low ripple, high gain and evident improvement in the efficiency when compared to the conventional converters. This paper investigates the transformerless inverter based on a capacitor clamping multi-phase boost converter. High gain proposed …

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The Visual Quality Of Healthy Eye Lens For Different Tilt Effects, Laith Tawfeeq, Ali Al-Hamdani Mar 2026

The Visual Quality Of Healthy Eye Lens For Different Tilt Effects, Laith Tawfeeq, Ali Al-Hamdani

Engineering and Technology Journal

The importance and accuracy of the human visual system have led scientists and researchers to do their best to study it, know its problems, and how to treat them.The eye lens tilt is possibly due to a specific accident such as a blow or the like. So, this manuscript was submitted to study the human eye lens tilting effect on visual performance and determine the tolerance tilt values. Using (ZEMAX-EE) software program and relying on the Liou and Brennan model Eye (LBME), one of the most accurate models for studying the eye, and some basic criteria used to describe the …

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Numerical And Theoretical Analysis Of A Spur Gear Using Composite And Conventional Materials, Jwan Mohammed, Dlair Ramadan Mar 2026

Numerical And Theoretical Analysis Of A Spur Gear Using Composite And Conventional Materials, Jwan Mohammed, Dlair Ramadan

Engineering and Technology Journal

A spur gear is one of the most common forms of precision cylindrical gear. In the industry, reducing the weight of gears while keeping their useful properties has become an even more pressing challenge. As a result, the investigators have made many attempts to reduce the weight of the gears. Despite these efforts, the problem still requires more research. This study presented a spur gear's modeling and finite element analysis using different materials. A three-dimensional spur gear was designed, modeled, and simulated using ANSYS software. Five different materials, including two conventional materials (stainless steel and copper alloy) and three different …

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Economic Operation Of Low Voltage Smart Micro-Grid With Integration Of Renewable Energy, Kadhim Jabber, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Ameer Jaddoa Mar 2026

Economic Operation Of Low Voltage Smart Micro-Grid With Integration Of Renewable Energy, Kadhim Jabber, Mohammed Al-Saadi, Ameer Jaddoa

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper develops a unit commitment multi-period energy management system to minimize a low voltage microgrid's total operation and emission cost. The optimization problem is formulated in the mixed-integer quadratic program. The environment cost and battery degradation cost are taken into consideration in the proposed optimization approach. The unit commitment strategy is employed to minimize the total cost. A set of constraints are considered in the proposed optimization approach. The proposed energy management system is applied to the low voltage distribution grid, including different distributed generators, such as diesel engines, fuel cells, and microturbines. The microgrid also contains storage batteries, …

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Numerical Investigation Of A Window Solar Air Collector With Moveable Absorber Plates, Norhan Dawood, Jalal Jalil, Majida Ahmed Mar 2026

Numerical Investigation Of A Window Solar Air Collector With Moveable Absorber Plates, Norhan Dawood, Jalal Jalil, Majida Ahmed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Window solar air collector is an imperative instrument for heating residential buildings in cold regions. This paper presents a numerical investigation of the thermal performance of a window solar air collector with seven moveable absorber plates. With glass on the front and back sides of the collector. By the use of FORTRAN 90; The three-dimensional steady-state turbulent forced convection method was used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The seven plates opened and closed at different angles in unison manually by a specific mechanical mechanism. The effect of changing the plate angles has been tested, alongside the effect of airflow rates …

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Thermal Behavior Simulation Of An Externally Cooled Electric Motor, Noureddine Meneceur, S. Boulahrouz, A. Boukhari, R. Meneceur Mar 2026

Thermal Behavior Simulation Of An Externally Cooled Electric Motor, Noureddine Meneceur, S. Boulahrouz, A. Boukhari, R. Meneceur

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper presents the simulation results of the thermal behavior for an externally cooled asynchronous electric motor in both steady and transient states cases. For this purpose, a mathematical model based on the heat equation is first developed to determine internal thermal sources such as copper, mechanical and iron losses. Then, a computer program is developed to numerically simulate the proposed mathematical model. This program determines the radial distribution of steady and transient states temperatures, and predicts the effect of the ambient temperature on the transient and permanent temperature distributions. This makes it possible to calculate the specific speed of …

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Studying The Effect Of Un Coated And Multilayer Coated Tools On Cutting Temperature In Turning Operation, Farhan Challab, Maan Tawfiq, Salah Jawad Mar 2026

Studying The Effect Of Un Coated And Multilayer Coated Tools On Cutting Temperature In Turning Operation, Farhan Challab, Maan Tawfiq, Salah Jawad

Engineering and Technology Journal

The present work studies three variables (cutting velocity, feed rate, and cut depth) on hard turning cutting temperature of uncoated and multilayer-coated carbide (TiN, TiN/TiCN, TiN /Al2O3/ TiCN) inserts are used in AISI 1045 alloy steel. The tool's temperature was measured simultaneously, measuring the temperature of the tool-chip interface using infrared radiation (IR) pyrometer in this investigation.  This study investigated the performance of four distinct coated and uncoated PVD and CVD tools during turning operations. Four cutting speeds (56, 88, 112, 141) m/min, four feed rates (0.065, 0.08, 0.16, 0.228) mm/rev.,  in the experiments, a constant cutting depth of (1) …

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Effect Of Voltage On Electrode Wear Rate (Ewr) In The Electrical Discharge Machining (Edm) For Stainless Steel Aisi 444, Shukry Aghdeab, Anwer Abdulnabi Mar 2026

Effect Of Voltage On Electrode Wear Rate (Ewr) In The Electrical Discharge Machining (Edm) For Stainless Steel Aisi 444, Shukry Aghdeab, Anwer Abdulnabi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Electrical Discharge Machining process (EDM) is a nontraditional metal removal technique that uses thermal energy to erode the workpiece without generating any physical forces of cutting between the tool and the machining part. It is used to cutting of hard and electrical conductivity materials and product intricate shapes of products. The aim of this work is to study the effect of changing voltage values on electrode wear rate (EWR). The machining parameters includes voltage (V), peak current (Ip), pulse duration (Ton) and finally, pulse interval (Toff). The results show that the EWR was increase with rising in voltage, peak current …

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Identifying Risk Factors Influencing Traffic Accidents For Baghdad Expressways, Hasan Joni, Mustafa Jasim Mar 2026

Identifying Risk Factors Influencing Traffic Accidents For Baghdad Expressways, Hasan Joni, Mustafa Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, the SPSS program (version 25) and Binary Logistic Regression Model were used to implement and identify the risk factors that affect traffic accidents on Baghdad highways. Due to the increase in the number of traffic accidents that led to injuries and deaths in Iraq during the past years and the lack of specialized studies in traffic accidents, especially on highways, this required the preparation of a study to know the causes of accidents and to explore the factors that have a relative impact on (the severity of the accident). Four highways in the capital, Baghdad, were chosen …

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Managing The Excess Floodwaters In The Lake Hemrin Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Hussain Muhamed, Mustafa Hamoodi, Abd Alrazzak Ziboon Mar 2026

Managing The Excess Floodwaters In The Lake Hemrin Using Remote Sensing And Gis Techniques, Hussain Muhamed, Mustafa Hamoodi, Abd Alrazzak Ziboon

Engineering and Technology Journal

Lake Hemrin is located in the middle east of Iraq, about 50 km from the Iraqi-Iranian border. The lake is the main fish source and provides water for nearby farms. However, due to various socio-economic and environmental management issues, the Hemrin system is a difficult water resources challenge. Moreover, Lake Hemrin receives floodwaters annually over its storage capacity; therefore, there is a risk of flooding in the areas downstream of the lake. To this end, this research developed optimization solutions to design flood escape paths in the area using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Among three initial …

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Numerical Simulation Of The Effect Of Repeated Load And Temperature On The Behavior Of Asphalt Layers, Hind Akram, Miami Hilal, Mohammed Fattah Mar 2026

Numerical Simulation Of The Effect Of Repeated Load And Temperature On The Behavior Of Asphalt Layers, Hind Akram, Miami Hilal, Mohammed Fattah

Engineering and Technology Journal

Roads and highways are used by different vehicle types, and the heavy vehicles among them can be considered the most critical in loading, which causes failure in the pavement structure and increases rehabilitation and maintenance costs. In this study, the composite effects for wheel loads and temperature were considered in the finite element analysis using Abaqus 6.14. The asphalt layer was modeled as an elastic material, while the base and subbase layers were modeled as an elastoplastic material following the Mohr-Coulomb model. Also, the impact of wheel loads on flexible pavement settlement and the main output of analyzing pavement structure …

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Modeling Critical Gap Of Al Turkmani Roundabout In Baghdad City, Laith Shadhan, Zainab Alkaissi Mar 2026

Modeling Critical Gap Of Al Turkmani Roundabout In Baghdad City, Laith Shadhan, Zainab Alkaissi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Interest in how roundabouts can most effectively be used continues to increase to achieve goals of safety, efficiency, along with other benefits. This research presents the most important element of the operational performance of roundabout traffic intersections in Baghdad city on capacity analysis. The obtained results for critical headway time are (3.35 sec) and (2.8 sec) for the Main west and East approaches. Also, the critical gap value for the West and East approach is less than the range of (NCHRP 572), possibly attributed to the congested traffic volume in  Al Turkman roundabout with aggressive driver behavior. Calculating in the …

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Environmental Investigation Of Bahar Al-Najaf Region Using Sentinel-2 Images, Mustafa Al-Helaly, Imzahim Alwan, Amjed Al-Hameedawi Mar 2026

Environmental Investigation Of Bahar Al-Najaf Region Using Sentinel-2 Images, Mustafa Al-Helaly, Imzahim Alwan, Amjed Al-Hameedawi

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study aims to shed light on the indicators of environmental change and environmental impact assessment during the past five years in a representative area of the western part of Iraq (BAHAR-ALNAJAF). This is to understand the leading causes that led to the environmental changes from (2016 to 2020) due to the change in land cover in the study area. The paper refers to an environmental study for the study area using satellite data within the software environment (ArcGIS) and the application of remote sensing from two aspects: Ecological indices retrieval and the monitoring environment for land cover. Remote sensing …

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Assessment Of Future Climate Change Impacts On Water Resources Of Khabour River Catchment, North Of Iraq, Lena Haitham, Mustafa Al-Mukhtar Mar 2026

Assessment Of Future Climate Change Impacts On Water Resources Of Khabour River Catchment, North Of Iraq, Lena Haitham, Mustafa Al-Mukhtar

Engineering and Technology Journal

In arid and semi-arid areas, assessing the potential impact of climate change on water availability is of critical importance for achieving better management of future water resources. Iraq as one example of those areas is expected to experience more stress on water due to the climatological characteristics and to the rapid population growth in addition to the policy of the riparian upstream countries. Therefore, the present study aims to quantify the impacts of climate change on the Khabour River catchment north of Iraq, which is one of the riparian catchments between Iraq and Turkey. The HEC-HMS model was firstly calibrated …

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Swot-Based Assessment Of The Maintenance Management Of The Wastewater Treatment Plants In Iraq, Reem Al-Attar, Faris Al-Ani, Mahmoud Al-Khafaji Mar 2026

Swot-Based Assessment Of The Maintenance Management Of The Wastewater Treatment Plants In Iraq, Reem Al-Attar, Faris Al-Ani, Mahmoud Al-Khafaji

Engineering and Technology Journal

In Iraq, due to WWTPs being old and outdated, an evaluation of the maintenance management is needed to highlight the points of weaknesses and strengths of the plants. In this paper, the strength, weakness, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis model is designed with the Delphi Technique and Liker-scale and applied to the old Rustumiya project in Iraq (ORP). The design and application of this model are based on the design, operation and maintenance drawings and reports, and field visits to the ORP. In addition, three rounds of the questionnaire were sent to more than 80 experts varied in qualification and …

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3d Numerical Modeling Of Soft Soil Improved By Rigid Inclusions Supported An Embankment, Messioud Salah, Neghmouche Yassamina Mar 2026

3d Numerical Modeling Of Soft Soil Improved By Rigid Inclusions Supported An Embankment, Messioud Salah, Neghmouche Yassamina

Engineering and Technology Journal

Abstract A three-dimensional finite element model suggested to determine the settlements and stresses of an embankment placed on soft soil reinforced by rigid inclusions. To make it simple the layers of soil and the embankment are supposed to be horizontal in a semi-infinite medium and the base of the soft soil is supposed to be rigid (bedrock). The interacting elements of the model are supposed to be elastic. The determination of the behavior of the soil-inclusions-embankment system was realized according to the construction phases of the embankment layers. The settlements and stresses were calculated according to construction phases of the …

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Comparative Analysis Of Gmm, Knn, And Vibe Background Subtraction Algorithms Applied In Dynamic Background Scenes Of Video Surveillance System, Maryam Yasir, Yossra Ali Mar 2026

Comparative Analysis Of Gmm, Knn, And Vibe Background Subtraction Algorithms Applied In Dynamic Background Scenes Of Video Surveillance System, Maryam Yasir, Yossra Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

Background subtraction is the most prominent technique applied in the domain of detecting moving objects. However, there is a wide range of different background subtraction models. Choosing the best model that addresses a number of challenges is still a vital research area.Therefore, in this article we present a comparative analysis of three promising algorithms used in this domain, GMM, KNN and ViBe. CDnet 2014 is the benchmark dataset used in this analysis with several quantitative evaluation metrics like precession, recall, f-measures, false positive rate, false negative rate and PWC. In addition, qualitative evaluations are illustrated in snapshots to depict the …

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Algebraic Decomposition Method For Zero Watermarking Technique In Ycbcr Space, Nada Mohammed, Areej Abduldaim Mar 2026

Algebraic Decomposition Method For Zero Watermarking Technique In Ycbcr Space, Nada Mohammed, Areej Abduldaim

Engineering and Technology Journal

The close connection between mathematics, especially linear algebra, and computer science has greatly impacted the development of several fields, and the most important is image processing. Algebraic methods aroused interest in building digital image watermarking techniques and are used to find the features of the image to hide the watermark. This paper aims to use the algebraic Hessemberge decomposition method (HDM) for the first time as a transformation to extract the features of the image without using any popular transformation for building zero watermarking. To achieve the aim, two techniques are used, HDM with and without discrete cosine transform (DCT); …

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Proposal Framework To Light Weight Cryptography Primitives, Mustafa Abd Zaid, Soukaena Hassan Mar 2026

Proposal Framework To Light Weight Cryptography Primitives, Mustafa Abd Zaid, Soukaena Hassan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Due to manufacturing cost and portability limitations, the computing power, storage capacity, and energy of the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware are still slowly developing. From above, the proposed security system based on encryption must consider the resources, time, memory used, and the lifespan of related sensors. In addition, some applications need simple encryption, especially after the emergence of IoT and the Web of Things (WoT). Providing solutions suitable for resource-constrained devices can be achieved by using lightweight cryptography. In this paper, building a framework that includes proposals for producing lightweight security algorithms for cryptography primitives was highly recommended. For …

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Air-Lift Reactor's Characterization Via Computational Fluid Dynamic (Cfd): Review, Marwa Jasim, Thamer Mohammed, Laith Sabri Mar 2026

Air-Lift Reactor's Characterization Via Computational Fluid Dynamic (Cfd): Review, Marwa Jasim, Thamer Mohammed, Laith Sabri

Engineering and Technology Journal

Airlift reactors are seen as the most promising reactor for many valuable productions such as algae culturing. However, this kind of reactor still needs more information and data to understand its phenomena due to limited studies. Also, to reduce the time and offers obtained with sufficient reactor design, capable of achieving high productivities, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) could play an important role in optimizing the reactor design by analyzing the interaction of hydro-dynamics. This review presents the literature review on the recent CFD work for such a reactor that addressed the fluid dynamics parameters, such as bubble dynamics. Earlier researches …

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A Review Of The Natural Gas Purification From Acid Gases By Membrane, Dheyaa Jasim, Thamer Mohammed, Mohammad Abid Mar 2026

A Review Of The Natural Gas Purification From Acid Gases By Membrane, Dheyaa Jasim, Thamer Mohammed, Mohammad Abid

Engineering and Technology Journal

This study aims to shed light on natural gas as an important and promising energy source. This energy source is the fastest-growing source in the world due to the increasing global demand. In this paper, the rates of growth in global demand for natural gas according to the latest reports since 1984, as well as the gas specifications required for transport and storage, acid gases, including absorption, desorption, Cryogenic and separation by membranes, are discussed with the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Focusing are presented. In addition to the primary treatment processes that take place on the gas, the …

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Fpga-Based Single-Phase Pv Inverter Using Unipolar And Bipolar Spwm Control Techniques, Murtadha Sadeq, Hanan A. Akkar Mar 2026

Fpga-Based Single-Phase Pv Inverter Using Unipolar And Bipolar Spwm Control Techniques, Murtadha Sadeq, Hanan A. Akkar

Engineering and Technology Journal

The study presents circuitry modeling and methodology to integrate solar photovoltaic (PV) energy with grid (AC) sources to supplement household appliances during a power cut-off or restricted supply period and alternating charge deep cycle batteries. This paper discusses an FPGA-based Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) generator as a control mechanism for a PV/Battery full-bridge inverter. The inverter's efficacy is expressed as the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) ratio, which must be as low as possible. Various schemes are proposed to reduce THD to generate a more sinusoidal output wave. SPWM is mostly used in industrial inverters. Two SPWM techniques, Bipolar and …

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Eccentricity Effect On Radial Forces Of Bearingless Bldc Motor: Study And Analysis, Ali Yousif, Ahmed Mohammed, Mohammed Moanes Ali Mar 2026

Eccentricity Effect On Radial Forces Of Bearingless Bldc Motor: Study And Analysis, Ali Yousif, Ahmed Mohammed, Mohammed Moanes Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

The bearingless BLDC motor gathers all advantages of the BLDC motor and bearingless machine, and this motor is extensively used in blood and artificial heart pumps. In a bearingless BLDC motor, there are two sets of windings, the main winding, responsible for producing the motor torque, and the suspension winding, which keeps the rotor in the center without any contact with the stator. Generally, the suspension system is responsible for the generation of the suspension forces to cancel the pull-out forces (radial forces), which strongly depends on the accurate evaluation of radial forces distribution at different operating conditions. In this …

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A Combining Two Ksvm Classifiers Based On True Pixel Values And Discrete Wavelet Transform For Mri-Based Brain Tumor Detection And Classification, Ali Mohammed, Mohammed Noaman, Hassan Azzawi Mar 2026

A Combining Two Ksvm Classifiers Based On True Pixel Values And Discrete Wavelet Transform For Mri-Based Brain Tumor Detection And Classification, Ali Mohammed, Mohammed Noaman, Hassan Azzawi

Engineering and Technology Journal

The studies on brain tumor detection and classification are continuing to improvethe specialists’ ability in diagnosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one ofthe most common techniques used to evaluate brain tumors diagnosis. However,brain tumors diagnosis is a difficult process due to congenital malformations andpossible errors in diagnosing benign from malignant tumors. Therefore, thisresearch aims to propose an integrated algorithm to classify brain tumors followingtwo stages using the Kernel Support Vector Machine (KSVM) classifier. Firststage classifies the tumors as normal and abnormal, and the second classifiesabnormal tumors as benign and malignant. The first KSVM employs extractionfeatures by considering the pixel values …

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Experimental Study Of F2833x/Texas Ins. For Constructing Speed Controller On A Synchronous Motor Based On Svpwm Method, Enas Hassan, Inaam Ali, Khalid Mohammed Mar 2026

Experimental Study Of F2833x/Texas Ins. For Constructing Speed Controller On A Synchronous Motor Based On Svpwm Method, Enas Hassan, Inaam Ali, Khalid Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Microprocessor programming algorithms in electrical inverter drive systems are essential in developing and formulating modern methods in closed control circuits. The microprocessor used in the current research, TMS320f28335, has a high system clock s frequency (150 MHz) that reaches up to, which gives an almost perfect ability to output the three-voltage sinewave generated from the inverter under consideration. Obtaining a sinewave voltage means the lowest possible harmonics (THD) and thus the best performance of the induction motor at starting and dynamic stability. The current research used the directional inclusion method to implement the six inverter switches (IGBTs) mechanism. Mathematical calculations …

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A Dynamic Optimal Power Flow Of A Power System Based On Genetic Algorithm, Afaneen Anwer, Ali Almosawi Mar 2026

A Dynamic Optimal Power Flow Of A Power System Based On Genetic Algorithm, Afaneen Anwer, Ali Almosawi

Engineering and Technology Journal

The traditional concepts and practices of power systems are superimposed by economic market management. So OPF has become complex, and classical optimization methods were used to solve OPF effectively. But, in recent years, Artificial Intelligence methods (GA, etc.) have emerged that can solve highly complex OPF problems. In this work two algorithms, were used for the solution of dynamic optimal power flow (OPF) problem taking the transmission losses and the cost of generation as the main constraints. Both algorithms were tested on a 14-bus IEEE test system. The contingency analysis was considered in the application of the algorithms. Additionally, a …

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A Modified Kalman Filter-Based Mobile Robot Position Measurement Using An Accelerometer And Wheels Encoder, Ali Madhloom, Firas Raheem, Azad Kareem Mar 2026

A Modified Kalman Filter-Based Mobile Robot Position Measurement Using An Accelerometer And Wheels Encoder, Ali Madhloom, Firas Raheem, Azad Kareem

Engineering and Technology Journal

Position measurement is an essential process of mobile robot navigation. In this research, a Kalman Filter is applied to locating a mobile robot furnisher with an encoder and accelerometer. The accelerometer updates its position off-hand. It has an acceptable short period of stability. However, this stability will be decreased over time. The odometry model is utilized to measure the mobile robot's position and heading angle using encoders equipped with the wheels of the mobile robot. Moreover, the odometry model's errors exist because of the wheel rotating speed's integrative nature and non-systematic errors. In this work, the mobile robot position estimation …

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Design Of A Sliding Mode Controller For A Prosthetic Human Hand’S Finger, Hussein Majeed, Saleem Kadhim, Alaa Jaber Mar 2026

Design Of A Sliding Mode Controller For A Prosthetic Human Hand’S Finger, Hussein Majeed, Saleem Kadhim, Alaa Jaber

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this research paper, the modeling and control of a tendon-driven, instead of joint motors, the prosthetic finger that mimics the actual human index finger were deliberated. Firstly, the dynamic model of the prosthetic finger is developed based on a 3-degree of freedom (DOF) articulated robot structure and utilizing the Lagrange equation. Then, the classical sliding mode control (CSMC) strategy was implemented to control the finger motion. To overcome the cons of CSMC, such as the chattering problem, an adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) was developed.  MATLAB Simuphalange was used to perform the simulation after the necessary equations were derived. …

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Control Of Pv Panel System Temperature Using Pid Cuckoo Search, Fadi Khaleel, Ibtisam Hasan, Mohammed Mohammed Mar 2026

Control Of Pv Panel System Temperature Using Pid Cuckoo Search, Fadi Khaleel, Ibtisam Hasan, Mohammed Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this study, the PV panel behavior as a nonlinear system had been studied well. The main contribution of this work was cooling the PV panel temperature to get the optimal power using a PID-CSA controller which was never employed previously in this application. In the beginning, the system has been modeled using three artificial neural network methods which are NARX, NAR and nonlinear input output based on MSE. Then, the PID controller with the intelligent cuckoo search algorithm technique had been studied to accustom PID controller parameters () based on MSE, ASE and IAE. The results exhibited that the …

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