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Archival Notations Of The Norwegian Charter Material, Juliane Tiemann Dec 2025

Archival Notations Of The Norwegian Charter Material, Juliane Tiemann

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

This paper explores archival notations, primarily from the early modern and modern periods, found on the dorse of Norwegian charters dating from the 13th to the 17th century. By examining the notation practices of two prominent Norwegian archivists and collectors, the study further highlights individual efforts in documenting and preserving these materials across various collections. The archival efforts are contextualized historically, noting a transition to systematic archival management. The findings reveal the significance of this largely unexplored component of Norwegian charters as additional historical sources, emphasizing the role of dorsal annotations in provenance research. The textual and visual analysis of …


Combating Financial Corruption In The Light Of The Prophetic Hadith: An Analytical And Rhetorical Study, Manaa Rajeh Saad Alghamdi Dec 2025

Combating Financial Corruption In The Light Of The Prophetic Hadith: An Analytical And Rhetorical Study, Manaa Rajeh Saad Alghamdi

UB Journal for Humanities

This study clarifies the rhetorical qualities and artistic dimensions of the Prophet Muhammad’s eloquence in Hadiths cautioning against the unlawful appropriation of wealth, aimed at combating widespread financial corruption in society. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the research addresses two main questions: How is language employed to counter financial corruption, and how do the Prophet’s expressive modes vary within this context? Through a detailed rhetorical analysis of relevant Hadiths framed by a unifying thematic perspective, the study reveals the subtle intricacies of these expressions. The research is structured into an introduction and four sections that discuss the Prophet’s eloquence on bribery, …


Semiotics Of The Identity Of The Saudi National Day Slogan During The Reign Of King Salman Bin Abdulaziz, Norah Saad Mohammed Al-Shahrani Dec 2025

Semiotics Of The Identity Of The Saudi National Day Slogan During The Reign Of King Salman Bin Abdulaziz, Norah Saad Mohammed Al-Shahrani

UB Journal for Humanities

This research analyzes the semiotics of the visual identity of the Saudi National Day during the reign of King Salman bin Abdulaziz. It aims to analyze the semantic and value dimensions associated with Saudi society and its cultural and civilizational contextual components through the structural elements of the logo: the visual and iconic on the one hand, and the linguistic on the other. The investigation also measures the transformations and changes in the structure of the logo and its advertising production that have evolved over the past nine years. The research utilized semiotic analysis of the logo to explore the …


Restricted Word Order In Languages Without Overt Case Marking: Evidence From Modern Dialects Of Arabic, Mustafa Ahmed Al-Humari Dec 2025

Restricted Word Order In Languages Without Overt Case Marking: Evidence From Modern Dialects Of Arabic, Mustafa Ahmed Al-Humari

UB Journal for Humanities

The study examines the morphosyntactic strategies used in Arabic language to indicate grammatical functions (subject, object) within a sentence, comparing and contrasting modern dialects of Arabic, particularly Saudi Arabic, and Yemeni Arabic, with Standard Arabic. The empirical observation of the study is that, while Standard Arabic mainly relies on a case marking strategy to determine grammatical functions, the modern dialects of Arabic under investigation are incapable of employing this strategy. This incapability raises questions about how grammatical functions are indicated in the absence of overt case morphology in the mentioned dialects. The paper argues that the absence of overt case …


The Syntax Of Verbless Sentences In Bisha Najdi Arabic, Aeshah Muqbil Saeed Almineeai Dec 2025

The Syntax Of Verbless Sentences In Bisha Najdi Arabic, Aeshah Muqbil Saeed Almineeai

UB Journal for Humanities

This study investigates the syntactic structure of verbless sentences in Bisha Najdi Arabic (henceforth BNA). It explores the different types of BNA verbless constructions, i.e., verbless constructions with nominal predicate, adjectival predicates and adverbial predicate. It argues for the nonverbal predicate analysis, as proposed by Benmamoun (2000, 2008), and extends the analysis to BNA verbless constructions within Chomsky's (1995) Minimalist Framework. In addition, the study argues that hnaak in similar constructions is a verb-like element, and accordingly, a syntactic analysis is provided for both BNA affirmative and negative hnaak-constructions. By investigating the syntactic structure of BNA verbless sentences, the study …


Variations In Politeness Strategies Among Native Speakers Of Najdi Arabic And American English In Social Communication: A Cross-Cultural Study, Aeshah Muqbil Saeed Almineeai, Asseel Ali Alshahrani Dec 2025

Variations In Politeness Strategies Among Native Speakers Of Najdi Arabic And American English In Social Communication: A Cross-Cultural Study, Aeshah Muqbil Saeed Almineeai, Asseel Ali Alshahrani

UB Journal for Humanities

Uncovering what constitutes polite language in each culture and how certain expressions deemed acceptable in one society might be inappropriate in the other is the focus of politeness. Therefore, this study investigates the variations in communication strategies among speakers of Najdi Arabic, as spoken in Bisha City, and speakers of American English. The study basically explores how individuals from these distinct linguistic backgrounds respond to five different social scenarios. The study used qualitative approach to detect the responses of 15 speakers—11 Saudi Arabian natives and 4 Americans on some situations. Findings show there are some similarities in what may be …


The Origins Of The Transformative Generative Theory In Sibawayh’S Book, A Grammatical-Linguistic Approach, Fahad Salem Mohammed Almagloth Dec 2025

The Origins Of The Transformative Generative Theory In Sibawayh’S Book, A Grammatical-Linguistic Approach, Fahad Salem Mohammed Almagloth

UB Journal for Humanities

The study aims to prove that modern linguistics theories emanate from ancient linguistic studies and classical texts. It also highlights the flexibility, reproduction, and growth features of the Arabic language, where endless sentences can be generated from a single sentence through transformational rules, depending on the potential energy behind generating their vocabulary. This was demonstrated by the study through Sibawayh’s book. Among the topics that the study proved concerning the foundations of transformational-generative theory in Sibawayh’s book are the factor, the origin and the subsidiary, estimative parsing, change of parsing diacritics, precedence and posterior-position shifting, disambiguity. The study proceeded according …


Deixis In Explaining Arabic Proverbs: A Study In The Book Of (Jamharat Al-Amthal) By Abu Hilal Al-Askari, Ali Mohsen Ahmad Mashouf Dec 2025

Deixis In Explaining Arabic Proverbs: A Study In The Book Of (Jamharat Al-Amthal) By Abu Hilal Al-Askari, Ali Mohsen Ahmad Mashouf

UB Journal for Humanities

This research studied deixis in the book of (Jamharat Al-Amthal) by Abu Hilal al-Askari, as one of the most important research topics in the modern pragmatics. It is also a part of rhetoric research in the contemporary trends that link language and usage, as general rhetoric - which is a branch of the modern rhetoric - relies on the convergence between the imaginary and the pragmatic in one of its descriptions. As for the term (deixis), it is a modern term taken from pragmatics, in addition to a group of other topics such as: speech acts, dialogism, presuppositions, and speech …


The Quest For Connection In A Cold And Isolated World: A Psychoanalytical Study On Edward Albee's 'The Zoo Story', Abdulmajeed Abdulqadir Saeed Alhanash Dec 2025

The Quest For Connection In A Cold And Isolated World: A Psychoanalytical Study On Edward Albee's 'The Zoo Story', Abdulmajeed Abdulqadir Saeed Alhanash

UB Journal for Humanities

This research paper explores the theme of connection in a cold and isolated world through a psychoanalytical lens. It specifically focusses on Edward Albee's one-act play, The Zoo Story, examining how the characters' struggles with loneliness, alienation, and detachment reflect the broader human condition. It illuminates the underlying psychological motivations, anxieties, and desires that shape their actions and relationships. The psychological approach is used to analyze the social isolation and loneliness of characters in the play. Analyzing this theme psychologically illuminates the factors contributing to Jerry’s sense of isolation: lack of meaningful social connections, societal pressures, and personal experiences that …


Problems Of Faithfulness In The English Translation Of Tayeb Salih’S Masterpiece Season Of Migration To The North: Revisiting Equivalence Theory, Ali Albashir Mohammed Alhaj Dec 2025

Problems Of Faithfulness In The English Translation Of Tayeb Salih’S Masterpiece Season Of Migration To The North: Revisiting Equivalence Theory, Ali Albashir Mohammed Alhaj

UB Journal for Humanities

Translation is a bi-lingual communication activity that should convey the information similar to the original. Consequently, the translator's target is to be faithful to the original wording and maintain the essence of the source language (SL) when he/she conveys a text in the target language (TL). This study was conducted to cast a new light on the cultural problems encountered by Denys Johnson-Davis in his English translation of Tayeb Salih's Season of Migration to the North, specifically in terms of his faithfulness to the ST, and how these can be addressed from various theoretical and practical standpoints about the equivalence …


Fostering Oral English Skills Beyond Formal Learning In Saudi Efl Setting, Ghazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed Dec 2025

Fostering Oral English Skills Beyond Formal Learning In Saudi Efl Setting, Ghazwan Mohammed Saeed Mohammed

UB Journal for Humanities

The increasing research on informal language learning illustrates awareness about out-of-class learning. This study aimed to explore how technological advances are being used informally to enhance EFL learners’ oral skills. The study was conducted at the University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Employing a survey, data were collected from 191 learners at the university level. The participants were male and female students who were enrolled at different colleges of the university. Findings revealed that learners frequently use a set of strategies for out-of-class oral skills enhancement. The listening and speaking strategies were quite similar, which indicated that learners were aware of …


The Poetry Of The Argumentative Discourse Of Abu Al-Abbas Al-Nami: A Descriptive Cultural Study, Hammdadh Mosharek Alrwili Dec 2025

The Poetry Of The Argumentative Discourse Of Abu Al-Abbas Al-Nami: A Descriptive Cultural Study, Hammdadh Mosharek Alrwili

UB Journal for Humanities

This study aims to identify the concept of arguments, their goals, and functions and to reveal the poetic characteristics of argument in the poetic text of the Abbasid poet Abi al-Abbas, Poetry is considered one of the finest Arabic literary arts since the ancient era, and the poetic text is still a rich resource, to which the efforts of scholars of different studies and curricula are attracted, due to the linguistic and rhetorical characteristics of these texts. This study came in a preface and two sections: the first topic, entitled: The argument in the poetic text, and the second topic, …


Casting Mechanisms In Lady Aisha’S Sermon In Defense Of Her Father: A Critical Rhetorical Study, Abdul Rahman Ahmed Abdullah Al-Maqri Dec 2025

Casting Mechanisms In Lady Aisha’S Sermon In Defense Of Her Father: A Critical Rhetorical Study, Abdul Rahman Ahmed Abdullah Al-Maqri

UB Journal for Humanities

This research deals with the manifestations of textual casting and its artistic mechanisms in the sermon of Lady Aisha - may God be pleased with her - in defense of her father, a study from a critical rhetorical perspective. It is not hidden the importance of textual casting in the cohesion of the text and the solidarity of its parts. If its presence in the rhetorical architecture weakens, the meaning weakens and the discourse disappears, and speech becomes closer to incomprehensibility and eloquence. Textual casting is the furthest that modern studies have reached in dealing with and analyzing the text. …


Textual Cohesion In The Article “Our Souls Soared With Resoluteness And Yielded To Hope” By Umaima Al-Jalahma: A Textual-Analytical Approach, Aida Bint Hamdan Al-Harbi Dec 2025

Textual Cohesion In The Article “Our Souls Soared With Resoluteness And Yielded To Hope” By Umaima Al-Jalahma: A Textual-Analytical Approach, Aida Bint Hamdan Al-Harbi

UB Journal for Humanities

This study seeks to find the tools of textual consistency in a model of the collection of articles of the writer “Dr. Umaima Al-Jalahmeh”. The model article is “Our souls flew with firmness and settled with hope”. Researchers were busy studying textual consistency, its tools and its role in achieving text coherence and bonding of different texts, helping the reader to analyze and understand them. In this study, we will analyze the article published by the author on 7/7/1436H. Halliday’s methodological researcher follows good script consistency criteria. The study found that the author Dr. Umaima Al-Jalahmeh was creative in using …


The Book Containing The Triangulation With One Meaning By Mohammed Bin Abdulwali Bin Abi Mohammed Bin Khawlan Al-Hanbali Al-Baali: Studying And Investigating, Mona Bint Mohammed Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Shamrani Dec 2025

The Book Containing The Triangulation With One Meaning By Mohammed Bin Abdulwali Bin Abi Mohammed Bin Khawlan Al-Hanbali Al-Baali: Studying And Investigating, Mona Bint Mohammed Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Shamrani

UB Journal for Humanities

This current research aims to study and investigate the book titled: “The Triangle with One Meaning”, by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wali Ibn Abi Muhammad Ibn Khawlan al-Hanbali al-Ba’li (a study and investigation). It is divided into two main parts: the first one includes an introduction to the author, confirmation of the book’s attribution, a description of the three manuscripts, and the methodology of the investigating process. The second section comprises the investigated text, along with the researcher’s annotations on some passages in the footnotes. The study concludes several important findings, most notably that the book of “The Triangle with One …


Techniques Of Argumentation In The Novel “WshāʼJ Mā (The Rope Of Water) By Abdu Khal, Ghaida Bint Hamid Al-Ghamdi Dec 2025

Techniques Of Argumentation In The Novel “WshāʼJ Mā (The Rope Of Water) By Abdu Khal, Ghaida Bint Hamid Al-Ghamdi

UB Journal for Humanities

Argumentation is considered one of the mechanisms of contemporary reading. It is an important part of the human communication experience, as well as it depends in large parts on the use of language and vocabulary, in order the recipient shall access to his goal and purpose, and whoever contemplates the novel “Washaeg Maa” will find that it is built on the contradictions of life, represented by the diversity of the characters’ ideas and the differences in their beliefs. From this standpoint, the study aims to follow argumentation with his techniques and mechanisms, and to illustrate their impact on the narrative. …


The Phenomenology Of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Literature Review, Daniel Wellock, David Erekson Dec 2025

The Phenomenology Of Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: A Literature Review, Daniel Wellock, David Erekson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

AVHs are experienced by 75% of persons with schizophrenia, and they are characterized by verbal experiences that do not arise through an audible sensation. AVHs often cause debilitating comorbid symptoms and understanding them is important to ameliorate these outcomes. This paper is a literature review of studies surrounding the phenomenology of AVHs in schizophrenia. We gathered 26 papers through using the APAPsychnet and Web of Knowledge databases. We found that negative emotional valence was characteristic of AVHs in schizophrenia. Furthermore, AVHs appeared to have a distinct linguistic and tonal profile and affected behavior significantly. A command subtype, a hypervigilance subtype, …


Finding Black Joy: Understanding How Black Students Are Seen, Affirmed, And Nourished In Expanded Learning Opportunities., Jamila Mosley Dec 2025

Finding Black Joy: Understanding How Black Students Are Seen, Affirmed, And Nourished In Expanded Learning Opportunities., Jamila Mosley

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines how Black students experience Black joy within expanded learning opportunity (ELO) programs and how those programs are structured to nurture that joy. It is guided by the central research question: How do Black students describe the ways in which an expanded learning opportunity program fosters their joy through experiences of being seen, affirmed, and nourished? Using an instrumental case study design at two secondary schools, the study draws on semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and observations of students participating in robotics, debate, Sister Circle, cheer, basketball, and creative writing. Data were analyzed through multiple cycles of coding, first …


The Effects Of Emotional Valence On Memory In Garden-Path Sentences, William Banks Mangold Dec 2025

The Effects Of Emotional Valence On Memory In Garden-Path Sentences, William Banks Mangold

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.


A Pilot Study Of Life Model Informed Therapy And Its Efficacy For Reducing Anxiety And Increasing Joy In Adults, William R. Mouer Dec 2025

A Pilot Study Of Life Model Informed Therapy And Its Efficacy For Reducing Anxiety And Increasing Joy In Adults, William R. Mouer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This pilot study researched Life Model Informed Therapy (LMIT), a modality developed into a six-week treatment targeted to decrease anxiety and increase joy in adults that self-reported as having anxiety. Fourteen participants were recruited by Facebook ads in the Charlotte, North Carolina area. Outcome data were collected using the State Joy Scale (SJS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Participants received the same LMIT treatment for six consecutive, weekly, one-hour sessions. Participants self-reported on their joy and anxiety levels at three periods of time, including a pre-treatment, post-treatment and one month after-treatment test. Two one-way RM-ANOVA tests were conducted. Results of …


The Divided Self: Gothic Duality In Literature, Sarah Anna Meeks Dec 2025

The Divided Self: Gothic Duality In Literature, Sarah Anna Meeks

Masters Theses

Gothic literature of the nineteenth century is haunting due to its frequent use of ghosts and monsters. However, the true terror lies in a deeper horror, one that is more intimate and destabilizing– a fright that leaps out of the text, looking into the heart of the reader: the fractured mind of the self torn between reality and repression, haunted by its own, newly manifested internal disunity rather than external monsters. The characters of Gothic fiction are typically caught in a psychological turmoil. They battle with split morals between duty and desire, morality and madness, and science and spirituality. Specifically, …


Place: Dwelling Within The Built And Natural Environments, Christine Gratia Dec 2025

Place: Dwelling Within The Built And Natural Environments, Christine Gratia

Publications and Research

This study argues that “place” is not simply physical, it is actualized by the relationship between human beings and the environments they inhabit. This research will spotlight various philosophical theories that pertain to where humans do human activities, the ever evolving containers of socialization and how the external environment informs self-concept. This research narrows in on Edward Relph’s phenomenology of “place” and Martin Heidegger's concept of dwelling. Both concepts are defined as foundational structures of human existence which create an interdependent relationship between humans and the places we inhabit. From that relationship stems a responsibility of caretaking. Through a conceptual …


Music’S Transformative Power: A Phenomenological Exploration Of Christian Music’S Role In Enhancing Human Development, Crystal Ann Hubbell Dec 2025

Music’S Transformative Power: A Phenomenological Exploration Of Christian Music’S Role In Enhancing Human Development, Crystal Ann Hubbell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Music is one of the most fundamental expressions of art, communication, and worship, linking to the conscience and personalities across cultures. Music provides a pathway to human emotions where music manifests as a therapeutic component for psychosomatic change. Furthermore, Christian music has not been explored as a therapeutic component for individuals struggling with mental health or cognitive challenges. The purpose of this study was to investigate how Christian music may serve as a therapeutic component of wellbeing in everyday lives of individuals. Using a transcendental phenomenological approach, this study investigated the lived experiences of 10 individuals who have experienced Christian …


Pronunciación, Repetición E Identificación De Los Sonidos Del Español Por Aprendices Qataríes De E/Le En Su Primer Semestre, Ramsés Ortín, Javier Sánchez-Mesas Dec 2025

Pronunciación, Repetición E Identificación De Los Sonidos Del Español Por Aprendices Qataríes De E/Le En Su Primer Semestre, Ramsés Ortín, Javier Sánchez-Mesas

Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications

Este estudio explora las dificultades en pronunciación y percepción de sonidos del español por un grupo de estudiantes qataríes en su primer semestre. Las participantes completaron tres actividades (lectura, repetición de palabras, identificación de palabras) que requieren diferentes tipos de conocimiento (producción de sonidos con y sin presencia de ortografíae identificación de sonidos) al inicio y final de su primer curso. Los resultados revelan que esta población presenta dificultades con los contrastes de vocales medias y altas, la nasal palatal, las consonantes oclusivas bilabiales y las vibrantes. Estas dificultades no aparecen de igual manera en actividades con y sin presencia …


From Protest To Harmony: The Global Language Of Change, Valerie Brooke Missick Dec 2025

From Protest To Harmony: The Global Language Of Change, Valerie Brooke Missick

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This qualitative historical study investigates how music functions as a unifying force within global social and political movements, transcending cultural, linguistic, and national boundaries to foster collective identity and sustain long-term activism. Drawing on Social Identity Theory, Cultural Diffusion Theory, and Framing Theory, the research analyzes archival documents, historical records, media sources, and case studies from movements such as the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, the Anti-Vietnam War Movement, anti-apartheid struggles, Black Lives Matter, the Arab Spring, and contemporary climate justice activism. Findings reveal that music operates as both an emotional catalyst and a strategic communication tool, shaping narratives, strengthening solidarity, …


Comparing Modern Band And Traditional Band Methods: A Mixed-Quantitative Study Of Note-Reading And Improvisation Competencies Among Secondary Music Students, Dennis John Manson Jr. Dec 2025

Comparing Modern Band And Traditional Band Methods: A Mixed-Quantitative Study Of Note-Reading And Improvisation Competencies Among Secondary Music Students, Dennis John Manson Jr.

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Music directors should determine how pedagogical trends to support student-centered engagements utilizing modern methods and popular music in public schools compare to traditional practices in secondary bands. Current research suggests students should engage in culturally relevant repertoire and quality ensemble experiences. Existing studies, however, should measure the efficacy of alternative music programs concerning music literacy, self-expression, and how they compare to traditional band methods. Investigating both methods is necessary to discover common techniques and how differences in pedagogical standards may influence one another. Guided by experimental research, the following mixed quantitative study features a quasi-experimental and a correlational design to …


Edenic Themes Of Creation And Exile In The Book Of Jonah And Their Impact On Evangelical Exegesis, Christopher R. Walker Dec 2025

Edenic Themes Of Creation And Exile In The Book Of Jonah And Their Impact On Evangelical Exegesis, Christopher R. Walker

Masters Theses

This thesis examines how the Book of Jonah uses imagery drawn from the Garden of Eden and how these themes shape the way evangelicals read the book. Rather than treating Jonah as a simple moral tale, the study argues that the narrative is intentionally crafted to further highlight Jonah’s disobedience and the book's theological claims, using Edenic imagery. Chapter One considers the question of “Why did Jonah run to Tarshish”? After considering the intertextual links, it appears that Jonah ran specifically to Tarshish for its Eden-like possibilities. Chapter Two focuses on the non-human agents in the book. The wind, ship, …


The Effects Of Music Participation On Sense Of Belonging Among Elementary Students With Traumatic Experiences, Jamie Lynn Mckoy Hill Dec 2025

The Effects Of Music Participation On Sense Of Belonging Among Elementary Students With Traumatic Experiences, Jamie Lynn Mckoy Hill

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The unexpressed perspectives of children have long been dismissed in elementary music education. Daily agendas, curriculum, and administrative expectations direct the day-to-day functions of the classroom and negate the instructor’s assessment of students’ needs. As a result, students who have experienced trauma (various forms) will feel disconnected from the classroom and have a low level of engagement. Music educators must adapt their planning and execution and infuse empathy and flexibility in their teaching to allow all children room to grieve previous traumatic experiences. This historical research investigates the student perspectives on what music participation means effects on elementary students’ sense …


Job-Related Factors Affecting Special Education Teachers In The Pk-12 Classrooms Technology Proficiency: A Predictive Correlational Study, Kreshonya Porter Dec 2025

Job-Related Factors Affecting Special Education Teachers In The Pk-12 Classrooms Technology Proficiency: A Predictive Correlational Study, Kreshonya Porter

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this predictive correlational study was to determine if a linear combination of job-related factors could predict special education teachers’ technology proficiency. The study is critical because teachers’ technology proficiency in a special education setting directly impacts students’ inclusivity, engagement, productivity, and achievements in the classroom. This study adds to the literature regarding special education teachers’ technology proficiency by examining specific job-related factors (experience, educational level, amount of technology-related professional development training, frequency of technology use, specialty, and job placement). The participants for this study were drawn from the population of special education teachers employed in pre-K through …


Treatment Concerning Grief Disorder After Covid-19: Can Spiritual Care Help?, Tamika Marie Johnson Dec 2025

Treatment Concerning Grief Disorder After Covid-19: Can Spiritual Care Help?, Tamika Marie Johnson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The phenomenological study described the experiences of spiritual care for adults who lost a loved one due to COVID-19 in Texas. The theory guiding the study was Viktor Frankl’s logotherapy, which was humanity’s search for meaning in a finite world governed by spiritual principles (García-Alandete, 2024; Parker, 2022; Seligman & Reichenberg, 2014). Grief was one of the occurrences that grappled with humanity’s understanding of life. Death was a universal phenomenon, and grief occurred as a response to a loss (Fernández & González-González, 2022). Research shows that symptoms of grief dissipate over time. When it was accompanied by prolonged time or …