Digital Commons Network^™

Marshalling Copyright Knowledge To Understand Four Decades Of Berne, Peter K. Yu

Faculty Scholarship

In the year 1978, the 1976 Copyright Act had just entered into effect. Marshall Leaffer, whom this article will affectionately refer to by his first name, had just completed his duties as an attorney advisor at the U.S. Copyright Office. On his way to academia, he, like the fictional character Captain William “Buck” Rogers, was to experience cosmic forces beyond all comprehension. In a freak mishap, his car veered off a rarely used mountain road and was frozen by temperatures beyond imagination. He did not return to academia until more than forty years later. What will he discover upon his …

How To Formulate Specific How-To Questions In Software Development?, Mingwei Liu, Xin Peng, Andrian Marcus, Christoph Treude, Jiazhan Xie, Huanjun Xu, Yanjun Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Developers often ask how-to questions using search engines, technical Q&A communities, and interactive Q&A systems to seek help for specific programming tasks. However, they often do not formulate the questions in a specific way, making it hard for the systems to return the best answers. We propose an approach (TaskKG4Q) that interactively helps developers formulate a programming related how-to question. TaskKG4Q is using a programming task knowledge graph (task KG in short) mined from Stack Overflow questions, which provides a hierarchical conceptual structure for tasks in terms of [actions], [objects], and [constraints]. An empirical evaluation of the intrinsic quality of …

Vlstereoset: A Study Of Stereotypical Bias In Pre-Trained Vision-Language Models, Kankan Zhou, Yibin Lai, Jing Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper we study how to measure stereotypical bias in pre-trained vision-language models. We leverage a recently released text-only dataset, StereoSet, which covers a wide range of stereotypical bias, and extend it into a vision-language probing dataset called VLStereoSet to measure stereotypical bias in vision-language models. We analyze the differences between text and image and propose a probing task that detects bias by evaluating a model’s tendency to pick stereotypical statements as captions for anti-stereotypical images. We further define several metrics to measure both a vision-language model’s overall stereotypical bias and its intra-modal and inter-modal bias. Experiments on six …

Itiger: An Automatic Issue Title Generation Tool, Ting Zhang, Ivana Clairine Irsan, Thung Ferdian, Donggyun Han, David Lo, Lingxiao Jiang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In both commercial and open-source software, bug reports or issues are used to track bugs or feature requests. However, the quality of issues can differ a lot. Prior research has found that bug reports with good quality tend to gain more attention than the ones with poor quality. As an essential component of an issue, title quality is an important aspect of issue quality. Moreover, issues are usually presented in a list view, where only the issue title and some metadata are present. In this case, a concise and accurate title is crucial for readers to grasp the general concept …

From Practitioner To Scholarly Practitioner: Exploring The Perceptions Of Edd Students "Becoming", Caridad M. Gibson

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Doctoral students who engage in a Professional Doctorate of Education degree program (EdD) are expected to experience a transformative shift from practitioner to scholarly practitioner. Through their engagement in the EdD program, they enter as practitioners, who become equipped to transfer and reintegrate their knowledge within their practice and field, and through this transformative process, they become scholarly practitioners. The EdD becoming represents the critical learning events, dialogues, and reflections experienced by doctoral students. Researchers have conducted studies to examine various aspects of the EdD degree including the credibility of the degree, the effectiveness of programmatic elements, rigor within programs, …

No. 11, November 2022: Insights From Co-Designed English Learner Improvement Networks, Linda R. G. Kaminski , Ed.D., Magaly Lavadenz , Ph.D., Elvira G. Armas , Ed.D., Grecya V. López , M.S.

Education and Policy Briefs

This research brief presents a case study of an English Learner Improvement Network (ELIN), a group of educators focused on a shared problem of practice in English Learner education and supported through extensive collaboration between researchers and practitioners in English Learner education and Improvement Science. The case study involves an urban school district and a charter organization each serving between 50-80% of students who have ever been English Learners. The research brief identifies five key themes that contribute to knowledge of the English Learner Improvement Networks’ ability to support English Learner improvement: (1) Expert Partnerships Support Improvement; (2) Context Impacts …

Contra Naturam, F. H. Buckley

Northern Illinois University Law Review

There’s a revival of interest in natural law, but while its adherents claim to hold the philosophic high ground, they’ve failed to recognize the doctrine’s weaknesses. Classical natural law holds that our moral requirements are rooted in the natural world and the instincts and preferences that form human nature. However, this runs afoul of the logical distinction between empirical and normative statements; and while other natural lawyers say they’ve avoided this problem, their “New Natural Law” implausibly asserts that rational self-interest will lead us to the good. It won’t, because rational self-interest can’t explain the duties we owe other people. …

Antecedents And Consequences Of Conspicuous Sport Consumption, Yukyoum Kim, Sun Hwan Hwang, Marshall Magnusen

Journal of Applied Sport Management

Conspicuous consumption is when consumers acquire luxury goods and services to help publicly demonstrate their desired economic and social status. Even though conspicuous consumption can help individuals experience social distinction and a heightened sense of self-esteem, much still needs to be known about this occurrence in the context of sport. Accordingly, the focus of this study was to examine antecedents (i.e., Expertise and Self-esteem) and outcomes (i.e., Satisfaction and Subjective Well-being) of conspicuous consumption of upscale sport goods. An empirical study was conducted with cyclists (n = 393). The research model was analyzed using simultaneous equations analysis. Expertise was shown …

A Rule-Based/Bpso Approach To Produce Low-Dimensional Semantic Basis Vectors Set, Atefe Pakzad, Morteza Analoui

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

The present study aims to generate low-dimensional explicit distributional semantic vectors. In explicit semantic vectors, each dimension corresponds to a word, which makes word vectors interpretable. In this study, a new approach is proposed to obtain low-dimensional explicit semantic vectors. Firstly, the suggested approach considers three criteria, namely, word similarity, number of zeros, and word frequency as features for words in a corpus. Next, some rules are extracted to obtain the initial basis words using a decision tree which is drawn based on the three features. Secondly, a binary weighting method is proposed based on the binary particle swarm optimization …

Leveraging Text Mining For Trend Analysis And Comparison Of Sustainability Reports: Evidence From Fortune 500 Companies, Anuj Sharma, Kapil Kaushik, Prakash Awasthy, Abhishek Gawande

American Business Review

In the recent upsurge in environmental concerns, business sustainability has become more prominent than ever. Organizations worldwide are expected to function sustainably, causing the least negative impact on the environment and promoting harmony among the firm, environment, and society. Most firms report their actions related to sustainability in corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports. This research aims to understand and analyze contemporary trends in CSR reports by Fortune 500 companies using text mining. It compares how the focus of sustainability reports varies across countries and industries along key dimensions of sustainability (i.e., environmental, economic, social, and government). Findings from the study …

Disability Representation In Media: More Than Just The Character, Antony Clements

Postgraduate

The representation of disability in creative media is problematic. There have been several tests proposed that analyse disability representation within a media text, in an attempt to determine if a media text represents disability appropriately. In this thesis, I discuss several existing tests of disability representation within media texts, identifying problems in each. I propose a new test for disability representation to address these problems. I then apply the test described in this thesis to media texts within the spheres of film, television, fictional literature, comics and games. Using the qualitative method of autoethnography combined with discourse analysis, I will …

Contextualizing The Emotive & Experiential Trajectories Of Arab Bilinguals In Higher Education: An Exploratory Sequential Mixed Method Study, Sabahet Bruncaj

Dissertations

Higher Education institutions in the UAE are increasingly adopting English as a Medium of Instruction. For native Arabic speakers, this educational practice has established a lingual impasse that relegates entry and serves as a signifier of ability. This study explores the experiential and emotional histories of conducting academic studying in a second language. The study is grounded in the theoretical framework of Emotions, whereby the exploration of affect and emotion-specifiers on bilinguals within the EMI in HE experiences and identified. The study applied an Exploratory Sequential Mixed method design led by Qualitative semi-structured interviews with Ph.D. students (n=11). This framework …

Double Bind Of Muslim Women's Activism In Pakistan: Case Of Malala Yousafzai And Sharmeen Obaid-Chinoy, Naila Sahar

Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies

A majority of Western2 feminist studies has dealt with women from the third world as a homogenous entity of poor and passive victims without agency, who need saving and thus need to be spoken for. Chandra Talpade Mohanty and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak have both underscored the urgency of seeing and dealing with third world feminism in terms of a genre that is different in socio-cultural background from Western dynamics, and they emphasize the importance of being wary of the ways in which Western feminism creates the 'discursive homogenization and systematization of the oppression of women in the Third World' (Mohanty, …

Tracking The Associative Boost In Infancy, Kim Plunkett, Luche C Delle, Thomas Hills, Caroline Floccia

School of Psychology

Do words that are both associatively and taxonomically related prime each other in the infant mental lexicon? We explore the impact of these semantic relations in the emerging lexicon. Using the head-turn preference procedure, we show that 18-month-old infants have begun to construct a semantic network of associatively and taxonomically related words, such as dog-cat or apple-cheese. We demonstrate that priming between words is longer-lasting when the relationship is both taxonomic and associative, as opposed to purely taxonomic, reflecting the associative boost reported in the adult priming literature. Our results demonstrate that 18-month-old infants are able to construct a lexical-semantic …

The Influence Of Language On Thematic Apperception Test Assessment Of Defenses In International Spanish-Speaking College Students, Ilenia Perez-Palen

Theses and Dissertations

Cultural influences, including the use of language, have been shown to affect personality development and are also likely to impact personality assessment results. The influence of language is particularly relevant in story-telling measures such as the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT; Morgan & Murray, 1935). The purpose of this study was to analyze TAT narratives delivered in English and Spanish to assess the application of defense mechanisms based on the Defense Mechanism Manual (DMM; Cramer, 1991) among Hispanic international students. No study to date has provided insight into Hispanic individuals’ use of language with the TAT, specifically on scores for the …

Dialect Density, Language Abilities, And Emergent Literacy Skills Of Prekindergarten Children Who Speak African American English, Erika Baldwin, John J. Heilmann, Denise A. Finneran, Chi C. Cho, Maura Jones Moyle

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Background Numerous studies have observed a significant and unique relationship between children's use of nonmainstream dialect and reading outcomes. We aimed to examine the relationship between nonmainstream dialect and reading at its roots by completing a preliminary evaluation of the relationship between African American English (AAE) dialect and multiple dimensions of emergent literacy skills in young African American children enrolled in Head Start. Methods Seventy-eight African American preschoolers completed the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening-PreK (PALS-PreK) and a narrative retell of the wordless picture book, Frog, Where Are You? The narratives were used to generate three measures of narrative productivity and …

Developing Mexican And Central American Spanish Phrases For U.S Construction Workforce To Improve Jobsite Communication, Alexis Saborio

All Theses

This paper gives an overview of a study conducted with US construction practitioners and Hispanic construction workers to develop Mexican and Central American construction Spanish phrases. Many companies face the challenge of a language barrier between the English construction supervisors and the Spanish-- speaking speaking Hispanic workers. This language gap is creating poor expectations among different sectors in the construction industry. Over the past several years as the number of Hispanic construction w orkers have increased in the United States so has the language barrier. The majority of the Hispanic construction workforce comes from Mexico and Central America. US construction …

Autonomous Vehicle Innovation And Implications On Adoption, Liability And Policy, Using Quantum Technologies And Artificial Wisdom, Chia Jie Jun Jeremy

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

This paper will explore the use of two new innovations for the issues facing autonomous vehicles (AV), those of quantum technologies and artificial wisdom. The issue of delayed at-scale commercialization and adoption of autonomous vehicles due to the extensive dynamic capability required to derive an optimal process solution for any complex, dynamic and adaptive autonomous vehicle ecosystem is shown to be resolved by the use of these innovations, will be shown to be more widely applicable for other issues for AV and for any scenario where automated decision making is required.

QC might open up the door for the application …

Meta-Complementing The Semantics Of Short Texts In Neural Topic Models, Ce Zhang, Hady Wirawan Lauw

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Topic models infer latent topic distributions based on observed word co-occurrences in a text corpus. While typically a corpus contains documents of variable lengths, most previous topic models treat documents of different lengths uniformly, assuming that each document is sufficiently informative. However, shorter documents may have only a few word co-occurrences, resulting in inferior topic quality. Some other previous works assume that all documents are short, and leverage external auxiliary data, e.g., pretrained word embeddings and document connectivity. Orthogonal to existing works, we remedy this problem within the corpus itself by proposing a Meta-Complement Topic Model, which improves topic quality …

Politically Speaking: Ethnic Language And Audience Opinion In Southeast Asia, Jacob I. Ricks

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Language is one of the quintessential markers of ethnicity. It allows co-ethnics to easily identify one another and underscores in-group and out-group boundaries. Recognizing this, politicians frequently employ ethnic tongues to enhance their political appeal. To what extent does this shape the opinions of their audiences? Utilizing a survey experiment, I test the impact of an ethnic tongue against that of the common political language among the Javanese in Indonesia, the Tagalog in the Philippines, and the Isan people in Thailand. The experiment demonstrates that the ethnic language has a significant impact in both Thailand and Indonesia, but there appears …

November 2022 News Releases, University Of Montana--Missoula. Office Of University Relations

University of Montana News Releases, 1928, 1956-present

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Experiential Avoidance And Committed Action On The Relationship Between Anxiety And Quality Of Life In Chronically Ill And Healthy Students, Rufaida Mohammed N Alkhanji

Theses

Chronic illness and anxiety are two factors that have been shown to negatively impact quality of life. In order to better understand the impact of chronic illness on quality of life, researchers have been interested in studying the effects of experiential avoidance and committed action. This thesis aims to examine the roles of experiential avoidance and committed action as potential mediators in the relationship between anxiety and quality of life. It also aims to compare the occurrence of the studied relationships in students with and without chronic illness. 547 participants from two Arab universities completed self-report measures assessing their levels …

The Noise, The Resistance, And The Message” Inconstruing The Construction Of Arab Bilinguals-Biliterates’ Trans-Identity Space: A Grounded Theory Approach, Maha Omar Alhabbash

Dissertations

This study explored the construing of the construction of trans-identity space for Arab high schoolers, undergraduates, and graduate students who are bilinguals and biliterates. To that end, the study fathomed the trajectories and the process of trans-identity space construction along with the translanguaging space of bilingual-biliterate Arabs. Employing a grounded theory approach enabled the researcher to understand the nature of trans-identity space and how it functions in tandem with the confluence of translanguaging practices that leads to language identity reproduction. To validate the results, two means were used: a semi-structured interview with the participants (n=36) from high schoolers, …

Interpreting State Statutes In Federal Court, Aaron-Andrew P. Bruhl

Faculty Publications

This Article addresses a problem that potentially arises whenever a federal court encounters a state statute. When interpreting the state statute, should the federal court use the state’s methods of statutory interpretation—the state’s canons of construction, its rules about the use of legislative history, and the like—or should the court instead use federal methods of statutory interpretation? The question is interesting as a matter of theory, and it is practically significant because different jurisdictions have somewhat different interpretive approaches. In addressing itself to this problem, the Article makes two contributions. First, it shows, as a normative matter, that federal courts …

The Romantic Author As Compelled Speaker, Sonya G. Bonneau

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

The romantic author trope has been extensively criticized in the copyright context, yet it threatens to emerge as a new pillar of First Amendment compelled speech jurisprudence. Justice Thomas’s concurring opinion in Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission exemplifies the trope’s rhetorical power, and the costs of that approach. Casting the baker as an artist, Justice Thomas finds that creating custom wedding cakes was speech, and that applying a public accommodations law to require service to a same-sex couple triggered strict scrutiny review. This is an extraordinary result. Although the Court never adjudicated the compelled speech claim, it will …

Asking The Right Questions To Solve Algebraic Word Problems, Ege Yi̇ği̇t Çeli̇k, Zeynel Orulluoğlu, Ridvan Mertoğlu, Selma Teki̇r

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

Word algebra problems are among challenging AI tasks as they combine natural language understanding with a formal equation system. Traditional approaches to the problem work with equation templates and frame the task as a template selection and number assignment to the selected template. The recent deep learning-based solutions exploit contextual language models like BERT and encode the natural language text to decode the corresponding equation system. The proposed approach is similar to the template-based methods as it works with a template and fills in the number slots. Nevertheless, it has contextual understanding because it adopts a question generation and answering …

Cancer Research Across Africa: A Comparative Bibliometric Analysis, Miriam Mutebi, Grant Lewison, Ajay Aggarwal, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Christopher Booth, Miska Cira, Surbhi Grover, Ophira Ginsburg, Julie Gralow, Serine Gueye

General Surgery, East Africa

Introduction Research is a critical pillar in national cancer control planning. However, there is a dearth of evidence for countries to implement affordable strategies. The WHO and various Commissions have recommended developing stakeholder-based needs assessments based on objective data to generate evidence to inform national and regional prioritisation of cancer research needs and goals.

Methodology Bibliometric algorithms (macros) were developed and validated to assess cancer research outputs of all 54 African countries over a 12-year period (2009–2020). Subanalysis included collaboration patterns, site and domain-specific focus of research and understanding authorship dynamics by both position and sex. Detailed subanalysis was performed …

Improving (And Avoiding) Interstate Interpretive Encounters, Aaron-Andrew P. Bruhl

Faculty Publications

State courts often encounter the statutes of other states. Any encounter with another state’s statutes raises an interesting but inconspicuous question about choice of law. In particular, the interstate encounter presents a choice of interpretive law. Despite some universal practices in statutory interpretation, there are methodological differences across jurisdictions—both at the level of overall approach and in the details of particular interpretive canons. When a state court encounters the statute of a sister state, may the forum state use its own interpretive methods or must it instead use the methods of the enacting state?

The existing doctrine on this choice-of-law …

Good Newsletter November 1, 2022, Seattle University School Of Law Dean

GOOD NEWSletter

No abstract provided.

Cognitive Effort Avoidance In Veterans With Suicide Attempt Histories, James M. Bjork, Chelsea S. Rooney, Lisa K. Straub, David M. N. Garavito, Andrew Westbrook

Articles

Suicide attempts (SA) are increasing in the United States, especially in veterans. Discovering individual cognitive features of the subset of suicide ideators who attempt suicide is critical. Cognitive theories attribute SA to facile schema-based negative interpretations of environmental events. Over-general autobiographical memory and facile solutions in problem solving tasks in SA survivors suggest that aversion to expending cognitive effort may be a neurobehavioral marker of SA risk. In veterans receiving care for mood disorder, we compared cognitive effort discounting and evidence-gathering in a beads task between veterans with (SAHx+; n = 26) versus without (SAHx-; n = 22) a history …