Digital Commons Network^™

Artificial Intelligence Policies In Bioethics And Health Humanities: A Comparative Analysis Of Publishers And Journals, Christopher Bobier, Daniel Rodger, Daniel Hurst

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

INTRODUCTION: Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) pose novel ethical and practical challenges for scholarly publishing. Although AI-related policies are emerging in many disciplines, little is known about the extent and clarity of AI guidance in bioethics and health humanities journals.

METHODS: A search of publicly available journal lists from the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, Health Humanities Consortium, and Association for Medical Humanities was supplemented with Google Scholar's top 20 bioethics journals ranked by h5-index. This yielded 54 unique journals, of which 50 remained after excluding those without a functional website or recent publications. AI policies were reviewed …

Más Allá De Las Rejas: Deshumanización, Encierro E Imaginación En Trilce De César Vallejo, Ethel Barja Cuyutupa

INTI: Revista de literatura hispánica

No abstract provided.

Wrapped In The American Flag: Liberal Activism And Queer Political Organizing Post-1940s, Sam Markley

IdeaFest

By analyzing the United States Lavender Scare and immigration policy of the 1950s, this paper attempts to shed light on how the distinction between “American” and “Un-American” remains at the center of Queer rights advocacy. The heightened fear over the survival of the nation, along with the view of Queer immigrants as threats to the nation, was used to tighten immigration restrictions. This restriction, however, is complicated by existing prejudices against racial minorities and women. Queer rights groups began to rise to prominence during this time and mobilize against claims that they were anti-American or subversive deviants, working through the …

Unveiling Degradation Patterns In Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Machine Learning Perspective, Ahmed Alali, Mahmoud Ashraf, Ahmad Muhammad, Sameh O. Abdellatif

Electrical Engineering

This study examines the time-dependent degradation of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) by systematically investigating several critical parameters, including TiO2 thickness, porosity, dye concentration, and iodine-based electrolyte concentration. We developed a novel figure of merit (FOM) to quantify the degradation rates, utilizing a finite element model (FEM) in COMSOL to simulate performance over time. 400 DSSC samples were fabricated, resulting in a comprehensive dataset comprising over 228,000 data points derived from experimental results and simulations. The findings reveal that PCE declines significantly over time, with an average initial efficiency of 4.0% for the DSSCs, dropping to approximately 0.5% after 360 h. …

The Role Of Cultural Humility In Enhancing Successful Intercultural Relationships, Felix Enyan

Research Papers

In the 21^st century, it is easy to locate a large group of population in U.S America. For society to thrive, a good intercultural relationship is a fundamental building block for societal advancement. However, individuals inherit cultural biases that discourages healthy intercultural relationships. Concepts like cultural humility aid in addressing the status quo. Cultural humility encourages lifelong learning and self-criticism of one’s view thereby acknowledging inherent bias. To remedy the status quo, cultural humility is introduced to intercultural communicators and individuals engaging in intercultural relationships.

Introduction To Sociology: Sociology - An Introduction, Dr. Marcia Morrison Ph.D.

Open Educational Resources

This comprehensive overview explores the foundational concepts, historical evolution, and seminal theorists of sociology, tracing its origins from the transformative revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries to its modern-day significance. Central themes include the sociological imagination of C. Wright Mills, the complex interplay between individual experience and societal structure, and the pivotal roles of social structure, action, functional integration, power, and culture in shaping human relations. The discussion highlights the lasting contributions of early sociologists such as Auguste Comte, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and George Herbert Mead, examining how their theories continue to inform contemporary …

Introduction To Sociology: Interaction And Social Structure, Dr. Marcia Morrison Ph.D.

Open Educational Resources

Abstract

This paper explores the intricate interplay between micro- and macro-sociological perspectives on social interaction, identity, and structure. Through an examination of theoretical approaches such as symbolic interactionism, dramaturgy, and social exchange, it highlights how individuals construct and perform identities within complex webs of social expectations—particularly shaped by factors like race, status, and role dynamics. The discussion extends to the function of social networks in influencing opportunities, notably in the context of employment, underscoring the nuanced role of weak ties. The analysis further delves into the significance of social status, distinguishing between ascribed, achieved, master, and salient statuses, and examines …

Using Remote Behavioral Skills Training To Teach Staff To Implement Augmented Competing Stimulus Assessments, Tanvi Pendharkar

Doctoral Dissertations - College of Arts and Sciences

Despite a growing number of Board Certified Behavior Analysts^®(BCBA), there are many geographic regions without access to behavior analytic services. Remote training methods that can be implemented without face-to-face contact allow for behavior analytic services to reach areas without local BCBAs to provide services. One such method with promise for remote application is behavioral skills training (BST). BST consists of instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. BST has been used to train behavior-analytic service providers to implement a variety of procedures, but BST has yet to be used to teach clinicians how to conduct augmented competing stimulus assessments (A-CSA). …

The Effects Of Multiple Exemplar Instruction On A Bidirectional Naming Repertoire In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Madison Appelbaum

Theses

Neurotypical children normally acquire language skills in their natural environment. However, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) typically require specialized interventions to acquire language and communication skills (Yoon et al., 2023). A behavior repertoire that has been shown essential for the fast and incidental acquisition of language in children is bi-directional naming (BiN). Multiple exemplar instruction (MEI) has been used to facilitate the acquisition of BiN in children with ASD. In the present study, we replicated and extended previous research (e.g., Yoon et al., 2023) to evaluate the effect of MEI on the emergence of BiN repertoire in three elementary …

Effects Of Self-Monitoring On Teachers’ Behavior-Specific Praise And Students’ Behavior In A Center-Based Classroom, Samantha Walsh

Theses

The current study explores the effects of self-monitoring on teachers' use of behavior-specific praise (BSP) and its impact on student behavior in a center-based classroom. Self-monitoring, a cost-effective and time-efficient intervention, has been proven effective in previous research for enhancing educator performance. However, previous studies have often combined self-monitoring with other interventions, leaving a gap in understanding its effects in isolation. This study aims to replicate the work of Justus et al. (2023) by examining the impact of self-monitoring on paraprofessionals in a center-based classroom with students aged 6-10. Using a multiple baseline design across participants, three paraprofessionals were trained …

Metabolic Engineering Of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae For De Novo Biosynthesis Of Naringin From D-Xylose, Zhao Yifei, Li Gaoyang, Huang Luhong, Liu Juan, Xiao Zhiqiang

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To explore the biosynthesis method of naringin,a bioactive compound in citrus.［Methods］ Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains for naringenin biosynthesis are constructed through enzyme screening,multi -copy integration,and precursor supply.Subsequently,de novo biosynthesis of naringin from D-xylose is achieved by introducing the naringin biosynthetic pathway and optimizing UDP -glucose supply.［Results］］ The optimal flavonoid synthase is identified as PhCHS by screening the key enzymes of the naringenin pathway.The naringenin biosynthesis pathway is further integrated at multi -copy sites.The constructed strain Z39M2 can synthesize 36.53 mg/L naringenin.The overexpression of CAT 2,xPK-PTA pathway,and ACC 1m optimizes malonyl -CoA supply and constructs strain Z 44,with a naringenin …

Interaction And Structure-Activity Relationship Characterization Of Hop-Derived Α-Acid/Xanthohumol And Protein Z, Wang Limin, Peng Mengyan, Ma Changwei, Wu Zijian

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the interaction mechanism and structure -activity relationship between two hop -derived small molecules different in structure (α-acid and xanthohumol ) and barley protein Z.［Methods］ α-acid and protein Z with high purity are prepared through solvent extraction and anion exchange column,respectively.The interaction between α-acid/xanthohumol and protein Z,as well as the conformational change of protein,is characterized by multi -spectral analysis.Finally,the interaction mode and molecular binding mechanism between α-acid/xanthohumol and protein Z are further investigated by molecular dynamics simulation.［Results］］ Both α-acid and xanthohumol can effectively quench the intrinsic fluorescence of protein Z,with α-acid inducing a red shift and xanthohumol causing …

Screening , Identification , Fermentation Optimization , And Application Of Lignin-Degrading Bacteria, Su Rizhen, Lin Zhiping, Zhang Hanqiu, Cui Zhenwei, Zhang Wen

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effect of lignin -degrading bacteria on improving the flavor of flue -cured tobacco.［Methods］ Microorganisms were screened based on lignin -degrading enzyme activity and sensory evaluation performance.After obtaining functional strains,fermentation conditions were optimized.Finally,gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze changes in volatile flavor compounds in tobacco samples treated with the strain.［Results］］ A Bacillus subtilis strain YY -10 capable of producing lignin peroxidase (LiP) was obtained.The crude enzyme solution from this strain achieved a 31.04% degradation rate of acid -insoluble lignin in the tobacco samples.Treatment with the crude enzyme significantly increased the content of flavor compounds …

Effects Of Different Roasting Methods On Volatile Flavor Compounds In Beef, Ma Xueyuan, Zhang Miao, Dai Qinyan, Jia Hongfeng, Zhang Jiamin

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To study the effects of different baking methods on the volatile flavor substances in beef.［Methods］ The optimal baking durations for sensory scores under three baking methods,i.e.,electric oven baking,microwave baking,and electric baking pan baking,were screened.Solid -phase microextraction (SPME ) combined with gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to separate and identify the volatile flavor substances in beef under the best conditions for each of the three baking methods.［Results］］ The sensory scores of beef under all three baking methods showed an initial increase followed by a decrease.The highest sensory scores for oven and electric baking pan were achieved at 10 …

Effect Of Uplc-Ms/Ms Pre-Column Derivatization On Ergosterol Content In Edible Fungi, Zhang Xinyue, Chen Hangjun, Niu Ben, Shentu Xuping, Yang Hailong, Yin Ming, Gao Haiyan, Mu Honglei

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To improve the responsiveness of ergosterol in electrospray ionization mode and to investigate the ergosterol derivatization through dansylation.［Methods］ With dansyl chloride as the derivatizing agent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP ) as the catalyst,this paper carries out a response surface test to optimize derivatization conditions.The samples are separated on a C18 column utilizing isocratic elution with a 0.15% formic acid -methanol solution as the mobile phase.Multiple reaction monitoring is performed using an ESI source.The ergosterol content in 10 edible fungi is assessed.［Results］］ The optimal derivatization conditions are the reaction temperature of 36 ℃,the reaction time of 25 min,and the DMAP mass …

Salmonella Detection Based On Fluorescence Polarization Enhanced By Recombinase Polymerase Amplification, Xue Pengpeng, Chen Wei, Xu Jianguo, Tu Jia, Qu Wei

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To develop a novel fluorescence polarization (FP) detection strategy and achieve highly sensitive Salmonella detection by incorporating recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA ) technology.［Methods］ The detection mechanism relies on homologous sequence recognition between target DNA and specific primers:When Salmonella targets exist,primer and target DNA binding triggers strand displacement and initiates DNA amplification.To enhance sensitivity,two key design features are implemented:5'-end modification of primers with 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-FAM ) as a fluorescent reporter,and selective digestion of unbound primers by exonuclease Ⅰ (Exo Ⅰ).［Results］］ During RPA amplification,the substantially increased molecular weight of amplicons restricts the rotational freedom of 6-FAM -labeled DNA compounds,resulting in significantly …

Detection Of Beef Mince Adulteration Based On Sparse Hyperspectral Feature Selection Algorithm, Ma Yongbo, Peng Yu, Xu Yiping, Li Dan

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To achieve high -precision detection of beef mince adulterated with pea protein,duck mince,chicken mince,and pork mince by combining hyperspectral technology with sparse hyperspectral feature selection.［Methods］ The original spectral data of the beef mince samples is extracted and processed using standard normal variable transformation (SNV ),multiplicative scatter correction (MSC ),first -order differential (D1),and moving average (MA) preprocessing methods.A hyperspectral feature selection algorithm is designed based on sparse representation.This algorithm constructs a sparse dimensionality reduction framework and uses swarm intelligence optimization to optimize and solve the objective function of spectral feature selection.The spectral data dimensionality is reduced as much as possible …

Analysis Of Food Additives And Contaminant Residues In Yueyang Pickled Vegetables And Recommendations For Quality Control Measures, Li Ge, Yu Linyu, Zhang Lumiao, Li Huimin, Zhu Li, Zhou Hu

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To analyze the detection of food additives and contaminants in Yueyang pickled vegetable products and propose quality control measures.［Methods］ In 2024,a survey was conducted to test food additives and contaminants in pickled vegetable products from 10 districts in Yueyang.A total of 5 712 batches of pickled vegetables were sampled.Specifically,10 batches are found to be non -compliant,resulting in a non -compliance rate of 0.18%,indicating overall good quality.Regarding food additives,10 types are detected in the products,with detection rates ranging from 0% to 73.49% and an excess rate from 0% to 1.86%.The most commonly misused additive is the colorant lemon yellow,which had …

Early Detection Of Contaminated Food Based On Extreme Learning Machine And Crystal Structure Algorithm, Zhu Fu, Liu Ruiqing, Pan Kefeng, Zhao Rui

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To propose an early detection method for contaminated food based on the extreme learning machine and crystal structure algorithm.［Methods］ The crystal structure algorithm is used to optimize feature selection,combined with the extreme learning machine for fast and efficient classification and detection,aiming to improve the accuracy and efficiency of early detection of contaminated food.［Results］］ Compared to traditional methods,the proposed approach shows significant improvements in accuracy (94.5%) and F1-score (93.2%).It also outperforms other state -of-the-art methods in recall rate and processing speed.Compared to the latest deep learning methods,the training time is reduced by about 30%,and the detection speed is improved by …

A Microfluidic Paper-Based Device For Rapid Detection Of Five Metal Ions, Chen Ranbing, Liu Yi, Luo Xiao, Li Conglei, Zhang Shuren, Chen Ming

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To design a microfluidic paper -based device and explore its qualitative detection capabilities for mercury,lead,aluminum,iron,and copper ions,as well as its detection capabilities in actual samples.［Methods］ This study constructs a microfluidic paper -based device by combining five complexing reagents [ammonium aurintricarboxylate (ATA ),dithizone (DZ),diphenylcarbazide (DPC ),sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC ),and eriochrome black T (EBT )] with masking agents.The reaction is tracked based on the Euclidean distance (ED) before and after the reaction.［Results］］ The target metal ions can cause obvious color changes in the paper -based device within a rapid response time of 10 s.Even in the presence of other common metal …

Colorimetric Detection Of Bisphenol A In Milk And Milk Powder Based On Label-Free Aptamer And Metal-Organic Framework Enzyme Mimics, Jiang Li, Lu Chunxia, Lin Xiangqun, Chen Xia

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To develop a label -free and visual colorimetric assay for the rapid detection of bisphenol A (BPA ) using a BPA aptamer as the recognition molecule and metal -organic framework (Fe-MIL -101) nanozyme mimics as the signal probe.［Methods］ The BPA aptamer was added to the Fe -MIL -101 solution,where it was adsorbed onto the Fe -MIL -101 surface through electrostatic interactions,thereby inhibiting the activity of nanozyme mimics.In the presence of BPA in the test sample,the aptamer specifically binds to BPA and detaches from the Fe -MIL -101 surface,restoring the catalytic activity of Fe -MIL -101.This enables Fe -MIL -101 …

Particle Grinding Simulation And Parameter Optimization Of Disc Mill Based On Discrete Element, Wu Lan, Yu Shaobo

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effects of different operating parameters on the grinding performance of a disk mill when processing different materials,and to optimize its working parameters.［Methods］ The grinding process of the disk mill was simulated using Rocky DEM discrete element software.Variables included feeding speed,grinding disc spacing,rotational speed of the dynamic disc,and material type.The effects of these factors on powder yield,energy consumption,and grinding time were analyzed.An orthogonal experimental design and matrix analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the simulation results.［Results］］ The optimal parameter combinations for different feed materials in the disk milling process were determined as follows.For wheat:grinding disc spacing of …

Control System Of Different Ratios Of Liquid Eggs Based On Fuzzy Pid, Chi Yuan, Liu Cong, Huang Zilong, Wang Zhenhao, Zhao Guoyu, Chi Yujie

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To optimize the ratio control system for egg yolk and egg white (liquid whole egg ) in liquid egg production.［Methods］ The microcontroller inputs ratio signals of egg yolk and egg white (liquid whole egg ) via the touch screen.The frequency of the frequency converter and the speed of the pump are controlled through a fuzzy PID control algorithm.Compared with the feedback signal monitored online by the conductivity meter,a real -time and accurate ratio of egg white and egg yolk liquid is obtained.The performance of the traditional PID algorithm,particle swarm optimization PID algorithm,and fuzzy PID algorithm is compared by Simulink …

Effects Of Transglutaminase Addition Amount And Temporary Storage Conditions On The Quality Of Traditional Fish Cake, Gao Hanpu, Su Zhaoxin, Liu Ting, Xiong Shanbai

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To deal with the gel quality degradation caused by improper temporary storage conditions during the industrial production of fish cake.［Methods］ Frozen surimi is used as the raw material to produce fish cake.The effects of microbial transglutaminase (MTGase ) addition amount,temporary storage temperature,and time on mechanical properties,appearance chroma,water retention properties,and sensory quality of fish cake are studied.The process parameters are optimized by a response surface test.［Results］］ MTGase addition amount,temporary storage temperature,and temporary storage time have significant effects on texture profile analysis (TPA ) parameters,puncture characteristics,chroma,water retention properties,and sensory scores of fish cake (P<0.05).The optimal process parameters are as follows:an MTGase addition amount of 0.35 U/g surimi,a temporary storage temperature of 19.2 ℃,and a temporary storage time of 55.4 min.Under these conditions,the gel strength and sensory score of the fish cake are the highest,which are 24.15 N·mm and 37.38,respectively.［Conclusion］ During the industrial production of fish cake,MTGase is suitable to add at the amount of 0.35 U/g surimi.The temporary storage conditions of mixed fish surimi should be selected at a lower temporary storage temperature (not higher than 19.2 ℃),and the temporary storage time should not exceed 55.4 min.

Non-Destructive Detection Of Kiwifruit Internal Quality Based On Improved Deep Convolutional Neural Network And Spectral Technology, Chen Wei, Fei Wenyuan, Li Chao, Wei Chenxi

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ Dry matter and sugar content are two important indicators affecting the quality of kiwifruit.To achieve rapid and accurate detection of these indicators,a non -destructive detection method for key internal quality indicators of kiwifruit is proposed,integrating improved deep convolutional neural network with spectral technology.［Methods］ A spectrometer was used to collect spectral data of kiwifruit,and the data were transformed into two types of two -dimensional images using Gramian Angular Field (GAF ) transformation.An improved convolutional neural network model with multi -dilated convolutions was constructed to predict and analyze key quality indicators of kiwifruit.The model consists of two independent CNN modules connected …

Characterization Of Postprandial Blood Glucose Fluctuations Following Consumption Of Slow-Release Carbohydrate Staple Foods By Continuous Glucose Monitoring, Li Kai, Wang Shilong, Zhu Ling, Yin Zhuoming, Wang Lei, Liu Dongbo

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effects and characteristics of the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS ) on postprandial blood glucose fluctuations following the consumption of slow -release carbohydrate staple foods.［Methods］ This study enrolls eight healthy adult participants for 15-day continuous glucose monitoring (CGM ) and collects postprandial venous blood samples to observe blood glucose fluctuations.During the trial,participants consume control food (glucose solution ) in the morning on days 2 and 14 after 引用格式：李凯，王世龙，朱令，等.基于动态血糖监测技术的糖缓释主食餐后血糖波动特性研究 ［J］.食品与机械，2025，41（6）：144-149.C itation:LI Kai,WANG Shilong,ZHU Ling,et al.Characterization of postprandial blood glucose fluctuations following consumption of slow-release carbohydrate staple foods by continuous glucose monitoring [J].Food & Machinery,2025,41(6):144-149.|fasting and slow -release …

Effects Of Whole Quinoa Flour Addition On Biscuit Quality And Glycemic Index, Wang Ying, Zhang Xinyi, Yu Bo, Li Yunjie, Tang Shangwen, Wu Jinju

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To explore the effects of whole quinoa flour addition on the quality and in vitro digestion characteristics of biscuits.［Methods］ Whole quinoa flour,at varying proportions (0%,10%,20%,30%,40%,and 50%),is added to wheat flour to investigate the effects of whole quinoa flour addition on the quality and in vitro digestion characteristics of biscuits.［Results］］ Compared with the control group without whole quinoa flour,the groups with whole quinoa flour addition show gradually increased moisture content of quinoa biscuits as well as their hardness gradually decreasing and toughness first increasing and then decreasing as the addition of whole quinoa flour increases.When the addition of whole quinoa …

Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Xanthoceras Sorbifolium Oil-Promoted Vascular Regeneration In Zebrafish, Chen Haiyan, Jia Ailing, Liu Jiying, Wang Chao, Qiu Zhidong

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effects of Xanthoceras sorbifolium oil (XSO ) in promoting vascular regeneration in zebrafish and its mechanisms,and to provide a basis for medicine development in cardiovascular repair.［Methods］ A PTK 787-induced vascular defect model is built in zebrafish.XSO is administered at concentrations of 0,25,50,75,and 100 μg/mL.The regeneration of intersegmental vessels (ISV) and subintestinal vessels (SIV) is analyzed via fluorescence microscopy.Oxidative stress markers (SOD,MDA,CAT ) and Apela protein expression levels are detected.Additionally,DHI (Danhong Injection ) is set as a positive control.［Results］］ The 75 μg/mL XSO group shows optimal efficacy in vascular regeneration promotion:ISV length recovers to 87.6% of the …

Extrusion Process Optimization Of Sea Red Rice And Its Physicochemical Properties , Digestion Characteristics , And Nutritional Components, Sun Wufei, Wang Zhuo, Zhong Saiyi, Zou Wentao, Hu Jiakang

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To investigate the effects of extrusion technology on the physicochemical properties,digestion characteristics,and nutritional components of sea red rice.［Methods］ The extrusion process parameters for sea red rice are optimized by response surface methodology.The effects of the extrusion treatment on the physicochemical properties of the sea red rice flour are explored by water solubility index (WSI ),gelatinization degree,starch digestion properties (including rapidly digestible starch,slowly digestible starch,and resistant starch ),and the anti -nutritional factor content (phytic acid ).The microstructure,starch crystal form,and crystallinity are 钟赛意（1979—），男，广东海洋大学教授，博士。E-mail：zsylxc@ 126.com引用格式：孙武飞，汪卓，钟赛意，等.海红米挤压工艺优化及理化性质、消化与营养特性研究 ［J］.食品与机械，2025，41（6）：164-172.C itation:SUN Wufei,WANG Zhuo,ZHONG Saiyi,et al.Extrusion process optimization of sea red rice and its physicochemical properties,digestion characteristics,and …

Optimization Of Extraction Process And Property Analysis Of Spirulina Protein Isolate By Alkaline Dissolution And Acid Precipitation, Zhao Qiaoli, Gao Yongqin, Tan Jiedan, Huo Xinyue, Wang Zhuo, Zhong Saiyi

Food and Machinery

［Objective］ To optimize the extraction process of spirulina protein isolate and analyze its physicochemical and functional properties.［Methods］ The extraction process was optimized using single -factor test and orthogonal test,with the extraction yield of spirulina protein isolate as the evaluation index.Comprehensive comparisons and analyses were conducted on the physicochemical properties,structural characteristics,and functional properties of spirulina protein isolate.［Results］］ The optimal extraction conditions for spirulina protein isolate using alkaline dissolution and acid precipitation were as follows:solid -liquid ratio of 1∶20 (g/mL ),extraction time of 1 h,pH value of 8.0,and extraction temperature of 40 ℃.Under these conditions,the yield of spirulina protein isolate reached 280.36 …