Digital Commons Network^™

Estimation Of Biomechanical Parameters During Squat, Walking And Jumping Using Imus, Gilmar Fernandes Dos Santos, Christof Hurschler, Eike Jakubowitz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this study was to analyze the agreement between the estimation of knee sagittal moment, knee sagittal velocity, knee power and vertical ground reaction force (GRF) using inertial measuring unit (IMU) against well-established motion capture analysis during unweighted squat, walking at self-selected speed, and vertical countermovement jump (CMJ). Eleven healthy participants equipped with retroreflective markers were measured using an optical motion capture system and force platforms. A neural network was created to estimate knee velocity and kinetics, and vertical GRF, using data of 2 IMUs and knee angle as input. The estimations were accurate, with nRMSE values less …

Characterization Of Shoulder Moments And Force Application In Static And Dynamic Campus Exercises, Juliana Exel Phd, Judith Satzinger, Willi Koller, Arnold Baca, Hans Kainz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study aimed to characterize shoulder joint moments and force application patterns in static and dynamic campus exercises. Campus exercises are upper-body plyometric movements performed on a ladder-like training board, where climbers ascend using only their arms, without foot support. Twenty advanced/elite climbers performed five trials of each exercise on an instrumented two-rung campus board. Shoulder joint moments on the 3 planes of motion and vertical forces for each limb were computed across the exercise cycles and time series were compared. Results showed that dynamic campus exercises elicited higher shoulder joint moments in the sagittal and frontal planes, particularly during …

Validating A Markerless Motion Capture Application In Simultaed Snowboarding, Stuart Evans Dr, Christian Merz, Felix Friedl

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the present pilot study was to validate the timing and position accuracy of the centre of mass (COM) during a replicative snowboarding training session using a previously validated motion capture system (Simi Motion®) and a mobile markerless monocular motion capture application (SPLYZA Motion). The positional timing of the two-dimensional (2D) COM motion between the two systems were validated in an indoor laboratory condition as two elite snowboarders performed three individual movements, namely a static (isometric) pose as a proxy method for ground truth validation followed by a vertical jump and a single rotation. The position of the …

Centre Of Mass Acceleration In Freestyle Halfpipe Snowboarding Performed On A Trampoline Using 3d Mobile Motion Capture, Stuart Evans Dr, Christian Merz, Felix Friedl

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of this preliminary study was to establish if magnitudes of centre of mass (COM) acceleration captured using 3D mobile markerless motion capture (MMC) technology would elicit comparable data to a standard 3D Motion Capture (MOCAP) system in freestyle halfpipe snowboarding. Raw data pertaining COM acceleration was verified in a laboratory condition as two international-level athletes performed a simulated freestyle halfpipe on a trampoline. Raw COM acceleration data from the mobile application was reported in the local reference frame and showed high correlation MOCAP (τ =0.74, f = 20.21) with small effects (η² = 0.17) with no significance difference …

Testing Aclr Football Players On The Field: An Algorithm To Assess Cutting Biomechanics Injury Risk Through Wearables, Stefano Di Paolo, Margherita Mendicino, Marianna Viotto, Alberto Grassi, Stefano Zaffagnini

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The aim of the present study was to develop an algorithm to assess the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during the return to sport (RTS) continuum through sport-specific biomechanical testing. Sixty-two players (21 ACLR, 40 healthy controls) performed planned and unplanned football-specific changes of direction in a football pitch. Kinematics were collected through 8 wearable inertial sensors (MTw Awinda, Movella) on lower limbs and sternum. An algorithm to determine the risk of knee loading based on the dangerous movement patterns was provided (“Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk profile Detection”, ACL-IRD). The algorithm detected at-risk biomechanics in about one-fourth of …

Machine Learning And Deep Learning Applications In Sports Biomechanical Analysis: A Systematic Scoping Review Of Performance Enhancement And Injury Prevention Strategies, Wissem Dhahbi, Nidhal Jebabli, Manar Boujabli, Marouen Souaifi, Ismail Dergaa, Lamia Ben Ezzdine

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Aim: This scoping review systematically maps current trends in artificial intelligence applications for sports biomechanical analysis, examining performance enhancement and injury prevention utility, methodological approaches, implementation challenges, and ethical considerations. Methods: A comprehensive analysis synthesized evidence on AI methodologies applied to sports biomechanics across various contexts, including machine learning, neural networks, and deep learning approaches integrated with learning management systems. This review examined data collection modes, analytical approaches, and practical implementation in laboratory and field settings. Results: AI applications evolved from basic statistical modeling to sophisticated machine learning configurations, demonstrating superior performance in technique analysis (94% agreement with international judges), …

Changes In Walking Performance Under Dual Task Conditions Across Pregnancy – A Case Study, Nikola Chmura, Wanda Forczek-Karkosz

ISBS Proceedings Archive

In recent years there is a growing literature on the walking pattern during pregnancy in the context of preventing falls as pregnancy progresses (Błaszczyk et al. 2016). The study examines the impact of pregnancy on walking under dual-task conditions. A 27-year-old participant was assessed in her first and third trimester for gait parameters and cognitive function changes. Results showed slower walking speed, prolonged double support phase, and a wider base of support, especially when performing an additional task. The DIVA test revealed impaired attention and increased errors.Findings highlight the effect of cognitive load on stability in pregnant women, potentially increasing …

Trunk Kinematics In The Sliding Forehand On Clay Courts: A Comparison Of Elite And Sub-Elite Tennis Players, Kai-Lung Chang, Wen-Tzu Tang, Tsung-Yu Huang, Zi-Jun Lin, Cheng-Yi Hsiao

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study compares the trunk kinematics of elite and sub-elite male tennis players during the sliding forehand stroke on clay courts. A total of 24 highly skilled players participated in this study. Their stroke execution was recorded using a 3D high-speed infrared motion capture system. Independent sample t-tests (p < 0.05) were used to compare trunk kinematics between groups. Elite players outperformed their sub-elite counterparts across all measured points, including greater right lateral bending at the Ground Contact and End Backswing points, enhanced anterior tilt at the Impact and Racket Extension points, and superior left lateral bending at the Completion of Swing point. Additionally, their greater maximum trunk displacement reflects superior trunk control and movement efficiency throughout the stroke sequence. This study underscores the importance of trunk rotational control and sliding techniques in optimizing forehand performance on clay courts.

The Analysis Method Results In Differences In The Evaluation Of Drop Jump Kinetics: Proof Of Concept At Three Dropping Heights, Christos Chalitsios Phd, Vassilios Panoutsakopoulos Phd, Iraklis A. Kollias

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The purpose of the study was to examine possible variations in estimating the initial DJ conditions (landing velocity) and consequently drop jump (DJ) performance and kinetics when using different force-recording instrumentation (i.e., number of force-plates) and analysis methods. Volleyball players (n = 10) executed DJs from 20, 40, and 60 cm. Differences in drop (DropH) and jump (Hjump) height, and DJ biomechanical parameters were examined with the nominal single (SFP) and double force-plate method (DFP), as well as the drop (DTM) and flight time (FTM) method. Results indicated that DropH was different than the nominal when the DFP and …

Within-Session Variability In Treadmill Running Mechanics In Team Sport Athletes, Claire Chaisson, Brian Hanley, Dan Weaving, Stacey Emmonds

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated within-session variability in treadmill running mechanics during repeated same-day runs across multiple speeds, with a secondary aim to assess how these mechanics changed with speed. Eleven team sport athletes (9 M, 2 F; 25.0 ± 3.2 years) completed three trials of 30-s treadmill runs at 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 km/h. The coefficient of variation (CV%) for step length (2.7 to 1.7%, β = -0.10, p = 0.004) and flight time (7.9 to 4.3%, β = -0.41, p < 0.001) decreased with speed, indicating greater consistency. Step length (β = 0.068), step rate (β = 0.054), flight time (β = 3.69) and horizontal work (β = 0.026) increased with speed, and contact time (β = –9.86), duty factor (β = –0.008) and vertical work (β = –0.041) decreased. These findings suggest movement patterns become more consistent at higher speeds.

Acl Injury-Related Kinematic Assessment: A Preliminary Study To Compare Marker-Based, Wearable, And Markerless Systems, Claudia Brunetti, Filippo Bertozzi, Pietro Maver, Marco Palombi, Matilde Santini, Manuela Galli, Marco Tarabini

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries often occur in non-contact situations, highlighting the need for effective risk assessment tools. This study compared kinematic outcomes of IMUs (Xsens), markerless (OpenCap) and an optoelectronic system (OMS) – considered the gold standard - in drop jumps with change of direction. Knee and hip sagittal and frontal plane kinematics were recorded concurrently with all three systems in a total of 260 trials. Xsens showed high validity for knee flexion (R²=0.81, RMSE2=0.00), limiting its use in ACL injury prevention research. OpenCap had weaker agreement with OMS (i.e., for knee flexion R²=0.76, RMSE=7.6°) …

Bridging The Gap Between Research And Practice: Integrating Biomechanical Analysis In The Development Of Landing Mats In Gymnastics., Pavel Brtva, Bethany Canty, Rebecca Straker, Gareth Irwin, Roman Farana

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study examined variations in vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and lower limb kinematics during landings on three different mat structures (TYPE1, TYPE2, TYPE3) compared to FIG mat in young unskilled (pupils) and gymnast’s female. Significant effects of mat type were observed for VGRF_max, time to VGRF_max, peak ankle and knee angles, and peak knee angular velocity. TYPE1 mats exhibited the highest VGRF and shortest time to peak, indicating inadequate force attenuation and potential injury risk. Gymnasts demonstrated lower VGRF_max and lower ankle flexion, likely due to landing technique. No significant differences between TYPE2, TYPE3, …

Pacing And Stroke Mechanics In 400m Freestyle: A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model Across Performance Levels, Nicolas Bideau, Antoine Bouvet

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study explores the relationship between stroke mechanics regulation and pacing optimization in the 400m freestyle across different performance levels. The analysis involves 127 trained to elite swimmers, divided into performance groups, using an IMU sensor to measure spatiotemporal parameters. A Hierarchical Generalized Additive Model identified trends and group-specific variations in speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke smoothness (jerk cost). Results show higher-performing swimmers better adapt technique to pacing by balancing stroke rate and length. Models reveal group differences, especially in pacing management and efficient technical regulation among top swimmers. This study emphasizes developing technical skills for pacing to …

Towards Ai-Based At-Home Phsiotherapy For The Elderly: Comparing Movenet With Vitpose In Human Pose Estimation, Dominik Batić, Srinivas Kachavarapu, Fayçal Nait Irahal, Dagmar Meyer, Carsten Meyer

ISBS Proceedings Archive

The current tendency to shorten hospital stays requires patients to do rehabilitation exercises independently at home after knee and hip replacement surgeries. To help address the lack of supervision, we are developing a digital system that uses Human Pose Estimation (HPE) to analyse patient motion and provide feedback. In this work, we focus on two system aspects: (1) A tablet-based mobile application with an elderly-friendly interface and (2) a quantitative comparison of a widely used real-time HPE algorithm (MoveNet) with one of the top performers on the COCO benchmark (ViTPose). We provide experimental results for two-dimensional (2D) HPE on public …

A Novel Pathway To Characterise Footballs For Finite Element Analysis, Megan J. Barnes-Wood, Henrique Ramos, Rafael Santiago, Peter Theobald

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study developed a method to characterise materials used in football manufacture for finite element analysis. Quasi-static (0.1/s) and dynamic (10/s and 100/s) uniaxial testing on a FIFA Quality Programme approved football generated hyperelastic material coefficients. Dynamic mechanical analysis was utilised to create Prony series coefficients to inform the viscoelastic behaviour. The model was validated by comparing finite element simulations with experimental data, focusing on dynamic properties including coefficient of restitution, maximum deformation, and contact time. Results indicated a strong correlation, with RMSE between 0.0051 and 10.4310, particularly at 0.8 bar pressure, demonstrating the model’s efficacy for high-strain impacts. This …

Investigation Of Supervised Machine Learning For Imu-Based Swimming Activity Recognition, Saeed Aram, Isobel M. Thompson, Dominic A. Hudson, Joseph Banks

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigates how IMU sensor data types, feature extraction, window sizes, and supervised machine learning models affect swimming activity recognition accuracy. Using a single IMU on lower back, the system classified strokes, turns, and starts under realistic conditions. Three classifiers of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and Quadratic Discriminant Analysis (QDA) were evaluated. Five types of statistical feature sets were extracted from window sizes ranging from 1 to 6 seconds with 0.01 second sliding step. The best classifier is SVM, achieving overall accuracy of 0.97 with high accuracy for surface swimming stroke. However, shorter windows had …

The Effect Of The Eyes-Closed Condition On Muscle Activation, Ground Reaction Force, And 3d Kinematics In Countermovement Jumps, Nada Juma Aldous, Paul Grimshaw

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigates the effects of the eyes-closed condition on lower limb muscle activation, ground reaction force, and three-dimensional kinematics during repeated countermovement jumps in healthy young male adults. Data were collected in a controlled laboratory setting using a force platform, 3D motion capture, and wireless electromyography. The results offer insight into the interplay between sensory re-weighting and motor control under altered visual conditions. While key performance parameters remain largely consistent between eyes-open and eyes-closed trials, subtle differences in joint kinematics suggest compensatory adaptations may occur. These findings contribute to a better understanding of sensory integration in dynamic motor tasks …

Almubarez: A Fusion Of Digital Innovation For Fencing Training, Marwa Al-Ani, Abdulnaser Rabie, Amna A. Osman, Prof.Uvais Qidwai, Dr. Noora Al-Qahtani

ISBS Proceedings Archive

Fencing requires agility, accuracy, and strategy, yet current training technologies lack flexibility, detailed analytics, and accessibility. This research introduces Al Mubarez, an AI-powered fencing training robot integrating motion-sensing fabric, Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and real-time performance analysis to provide personalized training. The system incorporates mechanical, electronic, and sensory components, including an aluminium framework, motorized actuation systems, and capacitive touch sensors, while software development focuses on motion control, reaction time evaluation, and AI-driven data visualization. AI models process tactile sensors and motion-tracking data in real time to improve adaptability. The initial phase established a stable mechanical structure and controlled movement …

Altered Spinopelvic Kinematics Differentiate Individuals With Symptomatic Cam From Asymptomatic Cam And Control Groups, Dalia Al Otti, Filip Staes, Stijn Ghijselings, Emma J. Beckaerts, Gaivilė Kurtinaitytė, Lennart Scheys

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated the influence of spinopelvic morphology and kinematics on symptom development in individuals with Cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), a condition where abnormal bone growth at the femoral head–neck junction leads to hip pain and degeneration. Thirty-two male participants were categorized into symptomatic Cam-FAI (n = 11), asymptomatic Cam (n = 10), and control groups (n = 11). Using weight-bearing biplanar imaging and 3D motion capture during high-flexion motor tasks, differences in spinopelvic clinical parameters and kinematics were analyzed. Results showed that symptomatic individuals exhibited higher pelvic incidence (51.4° ± 7.0), lower acetabular coverage (19.5° ± 5.8), in addition …

Velocity-Based Training Intervention: Effects On Lower Limb Performance In Female Floorball Athletes, Basil Achermann, Naire Regazzi, Rahel Heynen, Julia Suter, Silvio Lorenzetti

ISBS Proceedings Archive

This study investigated the effects of a six-week velocity-based training (VBT) program in female floorball players. The intervention, focused on back squats and trap bar deadlifts. Key performance metrics included movement velocity of RT exercises, sprint speed, jump performance, stop-and-go (SAG) performance, and load-velocity profiles (LVP). Seventeen participants completed 12 training sessions divided into strength (Sessions 1–6) and power (Sessions 7–12) blocks. Significant improvements were observed in VBT metrics, with squat estimated 1RM increasing by 15.3% (from 1.60 to 1.85) and deadlift estimated 1RM by 5.9% (from 1.76 to 1.87), while mean concentric velocity rose by 7.5% in the squat …

Isbs 2025 Conference Proceedings, Rony Ibrahim, Paul Grimshaw, Lina Majed, Philip Graham-Smith

ISBS Proceedings Archive

These are the proceedings of the 43rd Conference of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sport

Tax Depreciation Reform-The Asset Depreciation Range (Adr) System On, Henry G. Wisniewski, William E. Parker

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

Professions At Work: Lawyers And Cpas: A Study Of Methods Of Practice, Herbert Finkston

Tax Adviser

No abstract provided.

The Aesthetic Dimensions Of Syntactic Deviation In The Rhymed Poem Of Al-ʿAbbās Ibn Al-Aḥnaf – “The Beloved Was Angry, And Thus My Tears Were Stirred…”, Tami Daghleeb Al-Shamrani

UB Journal for Humanities

This study explores syntactic deviation (inziyāḥ tarkībī) in the poetry of al-ʿAbbās ibn al-Aḥnaf (d. 194 AH), focusing on his rāʾiyya poem that opens with: “The beloved grew angry, and my weeping stirred— By God, I am haunted by what I fear.”Syntactic deviation—defined as the intentional violation of strict grammatical norms—is examined as a linguistic and rhetorical phenomenon that departs from conventional structures. This particular poem was chosen for its rich deployment of stylistic devices and for showcasing the poet’s expressive power and sincere emotional tone.The study concentrates on two primary forms of deviation: inversion (taqdīm wa-taʾkhīr) and grammatical shift …

Scientific Characterization Of Historic Mortars Dating From The 15th-Century Of A Historical Building In Algeria: A Case Study, M. E. Belgacem, N. Rabahi-Touloum, R. Neves, Y. Ouldkhaoua

Journal of Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies

This research investigates the historic mortars (Aggregate/Binder (A/B) ratio) of a historical patrimony building, dating from the 15th century, in Algeria, for restoration purposes. It is well known that thorough characterization is essential for successful restoration. To this end, several techniques, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), optical microscope were used to characterize the historic mortars. A mechanical test was used to characterize the compressive strength of a historic mortar. For a comprehensive characterization, A/B ratios were estimated using both Digital Image Analyses (DIA) and chemical analyses. The results obtained provided clear information on …

Encapsulation Of Corrosion Inhibitors: Methods, Preparation, And Emerging Applications, Mahdi M. Hanoon, Baha. S. Mahdi

AUIQ Technical Engineering Science

Corrosion remains a critical global challenge, imposing substantial economic, safety, and environmental burdens across infrastructure, transportation, marine, and energy sectors. Traditional corrosion inhibitors, while effective, suffer from rapid depletion, uncontrolled release, environmental risks, and limited long-term stability. Encapsulation of corrosion inhibitors has emerged as a transformative strategy, enabling controlled and stimuli-responsive release, improved stability, and self-healing capabilities. This mini review provides a comprehensive overview of encapsulation technologies, including polymeric microcapsules, inorganic carriers, hybrid systems, and advanced nanoengineering approaches. Preparation methods, ranging from physical and chemical routes to emerging microfluidic and electrospinning techniques, are critically examined. Furthermore, the article highlights state-of-the-art …

The Strength Of Weak Ties In Shaping Attitudes Toward Interfaith Marriage: Muslim Migrants In Western Europe, Tolga Tezcan

SSGS Faculty Publications and Presentations

This study examines the “strength of weak ties” argument in the formation of interfaith marriage attitudes. Based on the EURISLAM survey data collected from Muslim migrants residing in six Western European countries, the analyses suggest that both strong and weak ties with natives are positively associated with the likelihood of interfaith marriage approval. However, strong and weak ties are not equally influential when they interact with each other. The results reveal a paradox: the positive effect of strong ties becomes more pronounced only when accompanied by weak ties. In the absence of weak ties, an increase in strong ties is …

Resonant Breathwork As Multimodal Vagal–Interoceptive Modulation: An Empirical Synthesis Of Non-Invasive Vns, Breathing-Driven Interoception And Respiratory Tools, Piper Hutson, James Hutson

Faculty Scholarship

Resonant Breathwork is proposed as a layered, measurable intervention that modulates vagal activity and interoceptive processing through acoustic vocalization, respiratory mechanics, and biofeedback. This review synthesizes human empirical studies from 2022–2025 across five domains: (1) noninvasive transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation and acoustic or vocal vagal engagement; (2) interoception targets modulated by breathing; (3) respiratory rehabilitation tools, including oscillatory positive expiratory pressure and inspiratory muscle training; (4) virtual or augmented reality breath biofeedback; and (5) neuroimaging of high ventilation breathwork with music. Evidence shows taVNS can acutely increase vagal indices, with effects contingent on frequency and pulse width, while paced …

Nebline, November/December 2025

NEBLINE Newsletter Archive from Nebraska Extension in Lancaster County

Contents

Nebraska Extension celebrates 25 years of nutrition school enrichment kits

Recipe of the month: Fruit & yogurt parfait

Celebrating the season with American persimmon by Rachel Anderson

Love gardening? Become a master gardener by Mary Jane Frogge

Extension master gardener volunteer spotlight: Carol Rustad

Garden guide: Things to do this month by Mary Jane Frogge

Choosing child care: What parents should know by Jaci Foged

Commercial/noncommercial pesticide license

Little black bugs, big bite by Kait Chapman [about pirate bugs]

What you need to know about having a well drilled by Becky Schuerman

2026 nebraska custom rates survey by Glennis …

Norms Violation And Dark Personality: Benign Violation Theory For Humor And Dark Humor, Ahmad Naufalul Umam, Regina Okti Rusliyanti, Firdania Reski Oktaviani

Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences

Benign violation theory of humor has stood for years as a reliable explanation of what makes things funny. Nonetheless, some researchers emphasized the importance of context in various cultures. This research employs the benign violation framework to dissect the antecedents of amusement in violations that occurred in Indonesia's memetic internet content. Study 1 (N = 40) compared the effect of comedic video (vs. neutral video) on participants' perception of the degree of amusement and violation of the videos presented. The result showed that comedic video was perceived as having a higher level of violations, and the degree of amusement was …