Digital Commons Network^™

Defining The Qualities Of A Surgical Resident Who "Gets It": A Qualitative Analysis Of Faculty And Resident Perceptions, Shaleen V Sathe, Ravi R Agrawal, Jennifer Yu, Paul E Wise, Michael Awad, Kevin Y Pei

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The phrase "getting it" is frequently used in surgical trainee assessment, yet its meaning remains undefined. This study explores how residents and faculty define the concept and whether perceptions align.

METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 residents and 13 faculty at a single institution and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.

RESULTS: Residents described "getting it" as clinical competence, social awareness, feedback responsiveness, and team integration, while noting challenges with interpreting implicit expectations and the influence of faculty bias. Faculty described "getting it" as a gestalt recognition of initiative, insight, and sound clinical judgment. Both agreed that the concept …

Differences In Injury Rates By Competition Level Among Scholastic And Collegiate Female Lacrosse Athletes: A Systematic Review, Carrie J Froemming, Daniel C Touhey, Robert H Brophy, Derrick M Knapik

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Women's lacrosse is an increasingly popular sport. Current rules allow incidental body and stick-to-stick contact, with limited required protective equipment. Injuries to the head, face, and lower extremities are common, especially at higher levels of competition. Differences in injury rates and types based on competition level remain largely unknown.

PURPOSE: To systematically review the literature to better understand injury differences between scholastic and collegiate female lacrosse athletes.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Under PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses), 543 studies were identified in September 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, …

Synovial Fluid Biomarkers Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury And Reconstruction: A Systematic Review, Daniel C Touhey, Derrick M Knapik, Sina Tartibi, Varun Gopinatth, Tanya Boghosian, Matthew J Matava, Matthew V Smith, Robert H Brophy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Synovial fluid biomarkers reflect the inflammatory response after joint injury and surgery. Previous studies have identified synovial fluid biomarker concentrations in the knee after both anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and ACL reconstruction (ACLR).

PURPOSE: To systematically review the literature to summarize reported changes in synovial fluid biomarkers and their concentrations after acute ACL injury/ACLR.

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

METHODS: Studies published in the PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases reporting in English on humans sustaining ACL tears and undergoing ACLR from inception to August 2025 were identified and included if postinjury/preoperative and/or postoperative …

A Theatre’S Brand Identity & Community Relationships: A New Approach To Marketing, Za'lexia Bogan

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

The success of a theatre company depends on a collaboration between the community, the audience, and the company itself. However, its survival is increasingly threatened by the dominance of streaming platforms, among other things. This thesis investigates the essential characteristics of a successful theatre company, arguing that its longevity depends on its connection with the community which is achieved through a strong brand identity. The success of a theatre company depends on its healthy relationship with the community. This relationship is achieved through a strong brand identity. Utilizing a mixed-method approach the study argues that a good brand identity relies …

Agent Orange: The Effect Of The Herbicide In Peripheral Neuropathy, And Assessing The Adequacy Of Veterans Affairs’ Presumptive Healthcare Policy For The Condition With The Input Of Physical Therapists And Physical Therapy Assistants, Danielle Coon

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Agent Orange exposure has prolonged the suffering of Vietnam War veterans to this day (Peripheral Neuropathy and Agent Orange, 2025). Research has been conducted to discover different medical conditions with a possible linkage to the herbicide (Peripheral Neuropathy and Agent Orange, 2025). One condition is peripheral neuropathy; however, to qualify as a presumptive condition and gain compensation and benefits such as monthly payments and enrollment in the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) healthcare in a more efficient manner, the condition must be at least 10% disabling within one year of the last exposure to Agent Orange (Peripheral Neuropathy and …

Teaching Math Skills With Textile Arts: Crafting A New Classroom Curriculum, Lily Doebler

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Mathematics teachers utilize many strategies to teach mathematical concepts, such as working examples on a whiteboard, providing notes sheets, and providing time for individual practice of skills. However, math remains an abstract skill to many students, and math performance in the United States continues to decline in public schools. Between 2019 and 2022, 51 of 53 jurisdictions recognized by The Nation’s Report Card showed a decrease in scores on the organization's assessment for eighth grade public school students. In contrast, activities with hands-on elements, as well as those that allow for student choice-making, have been shown to increase student engagement, …

The Effects Of Ssri Drugs And Gender On Mental Health Views And Medication Adherence, Caroline S. Edmondson

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

There is an existing stigma surrounding mental health and related treatment that affects individuals seeking proper care for their mental health concerns. Previous research has failed to sufficiently examine the effects of mental health stigma on medication adherence, particularly in those who are prescribed SSRI medications, as well as gender differences regarding beliefs around mental health. The current research study aimed to explore the differences in mental health stigma between medicated and unmedicated groups as well as between genders. Further exploration is given to whether overall beliefs about mental health predict medication adherence. The Endorsed and Anticipated Stigma Inventory and …

Dirty Defense: Investigating The Defensive Function Of Fecal Egg Cases In The Dogbane Beetle (Chrysochus Auratus), Alexandra Miller

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Defecation is the elimination of digestive waste by animals. In insects, these wastes are composed of both undigested food and nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid, and can be either liquid or solid form as they exit the anus (Weiss, 2006). Food is ingested, ground, and some of it is stored in the foregut of the insect while the midgut digests food chemically and absorbs nutrients. What remains after the foregut and midgut is then moved into the hindgut, where they accumulate with uric acid coming from the malpighian tubules (Weiss, 2006). According to Weiss (2006), rectal pads …

Physiological And Performance Distinctions Among Division Iii Field Hockey Athletes Across Position And Graduate Year, Mallory F. Lamb

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Field hockey is a high-intensity intermittent sport requiring a complex interplay of aerobic endurance, anaerobic capacity, muscular power, and optimal body composition to sustain repeated bouts of sprinting, directional changes, and technical skill execution. While extensive research has examined Division I and international athletes, limited data exist on NCAA Division III players, despite over 150 Division III programs in the United States. This gap restricts evidence-based training and performance optimization within this population. PURPOSE: This research will examine various physiological characteristics of field hockey players, including power, speed, agility, time spent in maximal heart rate zones, total distance covered during …

The Effect Of Rider Balance On Equine Heart Rate During Therapeutic Riding, Lydia R. Nelson

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Therapeutic riding provides emotional and physical benefits for riders who have disabilities, yet the physical demands placed on equines in therapeutic riding are not fully understood. Equestrian imbalance is a common characteristic in therapeutic riding, which may increase the workload on the equine. This study aims to evaluate whether induced rider imbalance increases equine heart rate, indicating greater workload, in comparison to riding with a balanced equestrian. One therapeutic riding equine and one experienced equestrian from Brook Hill Farm participated in this study. Heart rate (HR) data were collected with a heart rate monitor strapped around the equine for 21 …

Investigating Arginase Activity In The Murine Macrophage Raw 264.7 Cell Line, Abigail G. Johnson

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Macrophages are a type of white blood cell that have important functional roles in the innate immune system, the body’s first line of defense against invading pathogens. Macrophages possess two phenotypic forms, M1 and M2, which are functionally and metabolically different and respond to different stimuli. M1 macrophages respond to bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), by producing pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, M2 macrophages respond to 8 Bromo cAMP (8Br) by producing tissue repair and wound healing properties. Second messenger signaling through cAMP plays an important role in the resolution of inflammation and inflammatory mediators. Metabolism plays a key role in …

Patterns Of Wrongful Conviction: The Influence Of Race And Crime Type On Female Exonerations, James B. Smallshaw

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Racial injustices have at times left individuals and their families stranded with little hope for a solution when dealing with exonerations for criminal convictions. This was the case for Sabrina Butler, a young Black mother from Mississippi, who was convicted in 1989 of murdering her nine-month-old son after he stopped breathing and she attempted to resuscitate him. Butler was only 17 years old at the time, and she was sentenced to death and spent over five years in prison, two of those years being on death row. Fortunately, medical evidence later proved her child had died of natural causes, and …

Florence Normal College Quarterly, Faculty Of Florence Normal College

Documents

The first edition of the Florence Normal College Quarterly

Ai And Statistics: An Examination Of The Capabilities Of Ai Models To Perform Data Science, Erik Rosine

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Artificial intelligence has become one of the fastest growing modern technologies, with publicly available AI chatbots becoming particularly popular since the 2022 launch of OpenAI’s ChatGPT. Due to their seemingly endless applications and unrivalled ease of use, these AI models present a new and often highly efficient method of approaching problems and increasing efficiency. However, with so many marketed models available, it is challenging to know which is the best one to use. This experiment tests five of the most popular AI models at performing data science tasks with given datasets, a common application of AI. These models are OpenAI’s …

Depression And Grit: Association With Academic Motivation And Academic Satisfaction In College Students, Logan E. Peacock

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

This study examined the effects of grit and depressive symptoms on academic engagement and self-esteem among undergraduate students. Participants consisted of undergraduate psychology students and were categorized into high and low levels of grit and depression groups based on scores from self-report measures of these variables. Academic motivation, academic satisfaction, and self-esteem were the dependent variables. A two (grit: high vs. low) by two (depression: high vs. low) factorial ANOVA was conducted to examine the significant main effect for depression and grit on self-esteem. Participants with more depressive symptoms reported lower self-esteem, as did participants with higher levels of grit. …

Crispr/Cas-Mediated Genome Editing Of Staphylococcus Aureus For Studying Phage-Pathogenicity Island-Host Interactions, Annalise Williams

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive cocci that is a common member of our microbiota, living frequently on our skin and in our nasal passages. It is known for its wide variety of clinical manifestations, including endocarditis, scalded skin syndrome, toxic shock syndrome, food poisoning, sepsis, folliculitis, impetigo, and many other infections. It is widely recognized for being acquired in both hospital and community settings and is often resistant to multiple drugs. This poses a major problem, both in the United States and globally, as many treatments are no longer effective. MRSA, or Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus, is one example of the many …

Social Media Engagement In Division Iii Athletics: An Analysis Of Lynchburg University’S Social Media Strategies Compared To Other Division Iii Programs, Virginia Zalinski

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

This thesis project will examine how the University of Lynchburg Athletic Department has built and expanded its athletic brand through social media marketing. The University of Lynchburg's sports social media has a stronger online presence with a higher following and engagement count compared to other DIII athletic programs in Virginia. This brings up the question: What specific social media strategies does the University of Lynchburg use to generate higher engagement, and how can other DIII programs adapt these tactics to strengthen their own digital presence? To better understand how the University of Lynchburg's social media is more effective, this thesis …

Fellowship Of Christian Athletes (Fca) Social Expansion: An Analysis Of The Fca Brand Architecture, Victoria G. Williamson

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

The Fellowship of Christian Athletes has seen much growth over the past seven decades, after being created in a small town in Oklahoma in 1954 with only 15 members to now having 2,000+ staff and reaching 100+ countries (FCA Timeline, 2024). How did such a small organization with such a specific niche, become the well-known non-profit global ministry it is today? This thesis will discover how the Fellowship of Christian Athletes grew its brand worldwide pre and post-digital media through its marketing and communications methods. For this thesis, research will be done on FCA’s methods for reaching its target audience …

A Loud, Fearless Voice: Louise Thompson Patterson, Triple Exploitation, And Intersectionality, Bethany Brooke Champlin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

Louise Thompson Patterson, in her life as an activist, represented an extraordinary few who found the world she existed in lacking, and spent her life trying to change it, not only to better her own life, but to focus on the lives and problems of those who were seemingly disconnected from her. By following Louise Thompson Patterson’s political development, and examining her work as an activist of class, race, and gendered issues, her own development of the idea of “triple exploitation” or “triple oppression” is clear not only in her actions but in her writing. Through her experiences in the …

Consensus Guidelines On Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling: A Guideline From The Society Of Vascular And Interventional Neurology Guidelines And Practice Standards Committee, Farhan Siddiq, Hunter Brooks, Esra Demirtas, Ibrahim Ahmad Bhatti, Sami Al Kasab, Adam De Havenon, Robin Novakovic, Ossama Y. Mansour, Cynthia L. Kenmuir, Ameer E. Hassan

School of Medicine Publications

Background: Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) is the gold-standard test to distinguish Cushing disease (CD) from ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion when biochemistry confirms ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging is equivocal. However, practice varies widely between centers, leading to false negatives, misinterpretation, sampling errors, and avoidable risk. Neurointerventionalists performing BIPSS have lacked dedicated, procedure-focused guidance.

Methods: Using the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology Guidelines and Practice Standards framework, a multidisciplinary panel (endocrinology, interventional neuroradiology, and endovascular neurosurgery) performed a systematic review through August 2025 and developed recommendations graded by class of recommendation and level of …

Table Of Contents (V. 34, No. 4)

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

No abstract provided.

Criminalizing Curation, Duncan Hosie

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

This Article surfaces emerging threats to artistic expression posed by the Dost test, which outlines six factors for interpreting a “lascivious exhibition of the genitals” under federal and many state child pornography laws. It argues that the present state of American politics has eroded normative inhibitions that previously prevented the ambiguities and vulnerabilities of child pornography prosecutions from being systematically exploited. By way of repair, the Article offers two jurisprudential reform proposals.

Synthesizing precedent, criticism, and theory, the Article demonstrates Dost invites selective enforcement against politically and religiously unpopular artwork by authorizing courts and prosecutors to assess polysemous visual works …

The Constitutional Penumbras Of Home Rights, Gerald S. Dickinson

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Justice William Douglas’s famous parable in Griswold v. Connecticut argued that the Bill of Rights contains penumbras—implied zones of privacy protections— that emanate from the First, Third, Fourth, and Fifth Amendments. His penumbral conception of privacy rights has sparked extensive debate among legal scholars, reflecting both its influence and its ongoing controversy. Yet, there is more to Justice Douglas’s penumbra story to explore. In expounding on his privacy innovations in Griswold, Justice Douglas explained that the Fourth and Fifth Amendments protect against all governmental invasions of the sanctity of a man’s home and the privacies of life. Indeed, the …

Locked And Unloaded: The Constitutional And Empirical Case For Firearm Safe Storage Advisories, Hillel Y. Levin, Kay L. Levine

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Constitutional law haunts our efforts to reduce the number of firearm deaths each year. But even with the evolving scope of individual rights, sensible regulation remains possible.

This Article proposes one such regulatory tool. State governments legally can and pragmatically should require firearm sellers to advise their customers of the association between improper gun storage and the risk of accidental death and suicide. Mandatory safe storage advisories implicate two strands of constitutional jurisprudence: the First Amendment’s protection against compelled speech and the Second Amendment’s right to bear arms. While the Supreme Court has strengthened both doctrines in recent years, jurisdictions …

The Constitutional Future Of Trademark Tarnishment, Jake Linford

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

This Article is the first to examine whether trademark anti-tarnishment laws should be deemed constitutional after the Supreme Court’s 2024 decision in Vidal v. Elster. Anti-tarnishment laws protect famous brands from uses that could damage their reputation, even when consumers are not confused about who makes the tarnishing product.

The Supreme Court recently declared some trademark registration restrictions unconstitutional in Matal v. Tam and Iancu v. Brunetti. In these cases, the Court struck down federal laws that prevented registration of “disparaging” trademarks and “scandalous or immoral” trademarks because they categorized the registration bars as unconstitutional viewpoint-based restrictions. These …

Freedom At The Polls: Guns, Speech, And The Right To Vote, Matthew B. Russett

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

Part I of this Note provides a brief overview of current firearm prohibitions at polling locations and examines the legislative justifications for these restrictions. Recently, an increasing number of states have enacted firearm prohibitions as a prophylactic measure against voter intimidation and disruption. Part II applies New York State Rifle & Pistol Ass’n v. Bruen’s history and tradition test to determine whether these prohibitions pass constitutional muster under the Second Amendment. Indeed, a critical examination of historical voting laws in America shows a compelling history of limiting firearms near polling locations. Part III examines similar themes in First Amendment …

The End Of The List: Constructive Waiver Of The Right To Counsel In Virginia, Thomas C. Squires

William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal

This Note will first give a general background on the right to counsel in the United States that stems from the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, with a focus on the right as applied in the Commonwealth of Virginia. A brief examination of the specific Virginia Code section that is relevant when discussing this issue will follow. This code section and its deficiencies collectively present potential threats to defendants’ right to counsel. An evaluation of federal case law and Virginia case law on constructive waiver will follow. This Note will conclude by offering potential solutions to head the looming …

Shifting The Gaze: What Do High School Ela Teachers Mean When They Talk About Literacy For Students In Their On-Level Classes?, Yvonne Ceynow

Theses and Dissertations

This critical narrative inquiry explored how six high school English Language Arts (ELA) teachers defined literacy for students sitting in their on-level classes. By shifting the focus from student performance to teacher meaning-making, this research sought to understand how foundational beliefs about literacy shaped instructional and pedagogical decisions. Data was collected through digital journal entries, semi-structured interviews, and instructional artifacts. Using a thematic analysis approach, five interconnected themes emerged: the pervasive use of deficit-based language to describe on-level students; the perception of this group as high-need, requiring extensive scaffolding; the belief that socioeconomic status and parental support were key differentiating …

Beyond Moving Hands: Narratives Around Deaf Education, Sara Simpson

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative narrative study explored the experiences and perspectives of deaf educators and educational interpreters working in high school settings. Participants shared narratives about their professional experiences, training, and roles in deaf education. By considering their professional histories, backgrounds, and cultural perspectives, this study examined how these experiences shaped participants’ perceptions of the current state of deaf education.

Using a qualitative narrative research design, three participants with experience working in high school deaf education settings were interviewed individually and later participated in a focus group discussion. The interviews and focus group centered on participants’ perspectives regarding key issues in deaf …

Teacher Narratives Of Curriculum Implementation In Bilingual Education: A Vygotskian Analysis, Jose F. Orozco

Theses and Dissertations

This narrative inquiry explores bilingual educators' experiences implementing the Amplify Reading curriculum in a diverse, Title I-funded urban district. As schools adopt standardized curricula, tensions emerge between monolingual standards and the needs of bilingual students. Using a Vygotskian framework with Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) and Knowledge Structures (KS), the study examines how teachers navigate systemic contradictions and how these tensions influence their professional identities.

Using an interpretivist approach, data were collected via semi-structured interviews, a focus group, and a researcher’s journal from six experienced bilingual educators. Thematic analysis reveals profound structural fractures within the activity system: a primary contradiction between …