Digital Commons Network^™

Whipple Disease Initial Presentation As Supraclavicular Lymphadenopathy In A Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Diagnostic Challenge, Sara E Amin, Swati Gite, Audrey Wanger, Violeta Chavez, Jacob Armstrong, Beenu Thakral, Patricia Navarro, Jennifer Makhoul, Amer Wahed, Navneet Narula, Karan Saluja

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Whipple disease is a rare systemic disease caused by Tropheryma whipplei. It can present with a wide range of nonspecific symptoms that might overlap with underlying medical conditions, posing a diagnostic challenge. We present a 61-year-old man with a past medical history of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, who presented with persistent leukocytosis and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy. A positron emission tomography scan revealed hypermetabolic activity in the supraclavicular, abdominal, and pelvic lymph nodes along with a myocardial hypermetabolic lesion, concerning a lymphoproliferative disorder versus sarcoidosis. A supraclavicular lymph node excisional biopsy revealed complete architectural effacement by a diffuse foamy …

Development And Validation Of An Interpretable Risk Prediction Model For The Early Classification Of Thalassemia, Jin Xin Lai, Jia Wei Tang, Shan Shan Gong, Ming Xiong Qin, Yu Lu Zhang, Quan Fa Liang, Li Yan Li, Zhen Cai, Liang Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder. Current diagnostic methods mainly rely on sophisticated equipment and specifically trained technicians. This study aims to identify and genotype thalassemia by applying machine learning (ML) algorithms to routine blood parameters. This study recruited a derivation cohort of 31,311 individuals from four independent hospitals and developed eight machine learning (ML) models for the purpose. The performance of these models was compared using a set of evaluation metrics. An additional cohort of 2000 patients was recruited for external validation to assess the generalization of the models. The results demonstrated that the categorical boosting (CatBoost) model exhibited …

Interpretive Prediction Of Hyperuricemia And Gout Patients Via Machine Learning Analysis Of Human Gut Microbiome, Jia Wei Tang, Alfred Chin Yen Tay, Liang Wang

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout result from imbalances in uric acid metabolism and are closely associated with the gut microbiota. Advanced analytical methods facilitate the exploration of microbiota complexity. In this study, 16S rRNA sequencing data from stool samples of 233 patients were thoroughly collected. Machine learning (ML) and Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) interpretability algorithms were applied to identify core taxa and predict the metabolic functions. The results revealed that the high-contribution core taxa identified by SHAP in each group, such as Oscillospiraceae_UCG-005 and Rhodococcus provided the basis for ML prediction. Among the five classification models, Random Forest (RF) achieved the …

Large Language Models (Llms) For Clinical Note Generation: International Classification Of Disease (Icd) Code, Knowledge Graph (Kg) And Prompt Evaluation, Ivan P. Makohon

Computer Science Theses & Dissertations

In the past decade, a surge in the amount of electronic health record (EHR) data in the United States occurred, driven by a favorable policy environment created by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 and the 21st Century Cures Act of 2016. Clinical notes for patients’ assessments, diagnoses, and treatments are captured in these EHRs in free-form text by physicians, who spend a considerable amount of time entering them. Manually writing these notes is time-consuming, increasing patient waiting times and potentially delaying diagnoses. Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-4o, possess the ability …

Telemedicine Preexposure Prophylaxis Prescribing From A Large Online Us Company, Aaron J Siegler, Shi Hao Ernest Koh, Tristan Schukraft, Simon Mazzoni, Edwin Corbin-Gutierrez, Rupa R Patel, Patrick S Sullivan, Wenting Huang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective in HIV prevention; telemedicine is a promising avenue for delivering PrEP care.

OBJECTIVE: To explore telemedicine delivery of PrEP care (telePrEP) by the largest telePrEP company in the US.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective, single-arm cohort study used health record data of patients receiving telePrEP from MISTR LLC, a for-profit telehealth company, from November 27, 2018, to March 5, 2025. Patient characteristics and AIDSVu data were assessed to determine levels of PrEP use nationally. Retention in care was assessed for persons initiating PrEP in 2020, 2021, and 2022. Data were analyzed …

Insecticide-Treated Net Use And Elimination Of Malaria In Sub-Saharan African Countries: Assessing The Global Technical Strategy Using An Evolutionary Game Approach, Laxmi, Tamer Oraby, Michael G. Tyshenko, Ina Danquah, Samit Bhattacharyya

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Malaria continues to be a major public health challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the majority of the countries have not met the World Health Assembly's endorsed Global Technical Strategy (GTS) milestones in 2020 for malaria reduction. Insecticide-treated net (ITN) usage is a well-established and effective intervention, often outperforming other measures such as indoor residual spraying (IRS). However, multiple survey studies have reported improper use of ITNs across various SSA countries. This misuse likely poses an important barrier to the intervention's success, although it remains a largely untested hypothesis.

Methods: We developed a behaviour-incidence model and statistical analysis of …

A Qualitative Examination Of Peer Navigation For Smoking Cessation In People With Hiv, Garrett S. Stang, Bianca Camacho, Megan Pinkston, Karen Tashima, Christopher W. Kahler, Patricia A. Cioe

Psychological Science Faculty Publications

Introduction: People with HIV (PWH) are disproportionately affected by cigarette use, with a 40-60% prevalence rate. They achieve relatively low cessation rates following traditional interventions and often confront compounded challenges related to social factors. HIV care services have integrated Peer Navigators (PNs) into clinical care for many years, but not in the context of smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of PWH on a novel smoking cessation intervention that integrated PNs as part of a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Methods: This qualitative examination was conducted among PWH who smoke cigarettes and who participated in …

Cefadroxil-Induced Drug Reaction With Eosinophilia And Systemic Symptoms (Dress) Syndrome After Double Mastectomy For Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Case Report, Iyawnna Hazzard, Alexandra Hong, Darius J. Shahbazi, Shahin Shahbazi

Student Publications

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to medications, characterized by a prodrome of malaise and fever, followed by skin and hematologic manifestations and end-organ damage. Typical causal agents of DRESS syndrome include allopurinol, aromatic anticonvulsants, and antibiotics. However, fewer than 3% of cases suggest cephalosporin-induced DRESS syndrome.

A 43-year-old female developed a diffuse, erythematous, pruritic rash encompassing her whole body after starting prophylactic cefadroxil therapy before a double mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ. Her rash continued to worsen despite discontinuation of cefadroxil and developed a fever, myalgias, and generalized weakness. In …

Association Of Area Deprivation Index With Perinatal And Covid-19 Outcomes During The Early Pandemic: A Secondary Analysis Of A Prospective Cohort Study, Abigail Bell, Megan Foeller, Candice Woolfolk, Emily Diveley, Fan Zhang, Amy Scheffer, Ruizhi Huang, Daniel Jackson, Nandini Raghuraman, Ebony Carter, Indira U Mysorekar, Jeannie C Kelly

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Objective: We sought to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood-level deprivation and perinatal outcomes, particularly preterm birth, as well as COVID-19 outcomes among pregnant patients during the early pandemic.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort study that investigated the impact of prenatal COVID-19 exposure on perinatal outcomes. Pregnant patients were recruited 12/23/20-7/18/22 and serially assessed for COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy, with serum antibody testing, electronic medical record review, and patient report. For this secondary analysis, address at the time of delivery was used to categorize patients into low ADI (≤50th percentile Area Deprivation Index, indicating low …

Evaluating Covid-19 Severity Prediction And Immune Dynamics With Nulisaseq: Insights From The Impacc Study, Koji Abe, Tyson H Holmes, Tran T Nguyen, Seunghee Kim-Schulze, Ofer Levy, Lindsey R Baden, Esther Melamed, Lauren I R Ehrlich, Grace A Mccomsey, Rafick P Sekaly, Charles B Cairns, Elias K Haddad, Albert C Shaw, David A Hafler, Ruth R Montgomery, David B Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Mark A Atkinson, Scott C Brakenridge, Nelson I Agudelo Higuita, Jordan P Metcalf, Catherine L Hough, William B Messer, Bali Pulendran, Kari C Nadeau, Mark M Davis, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Viviana Simon, Monica Kraft, Chris Bime, Carolyn S Calfee, David J Erle, Joanna Schaenman, Elaine F Reed, Al Ozonoff, Bjoern Peters, Steven H Kleinstein, Alison D Augustine, Joann Diray-Arce, Patrice M Becker, Nadine Rouphael, Holden T Maecker

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The National Institutes of Health-funded IMPACC (IMmunoPhenotyping Assessment in a COVID-19 Cohort) evaluated longitudinal clinical and immunological features of human patients hospitalized for COVID-19. This study focuses on comparing the novel NULISAseq assay with the Olink platform using a subset of participants to assess their efficacy in predicting COVID-19 severity and understanding immune response dynamics. Our findings reveal that NULISAseq could provide superior detectability and dynamic range across various targets. Elastic net analysis demonstrated that specific proteins, including amphiregulin, effectively predict COVID-19 severity from sera at admission (samples drawn within 96 h of admission), with a test area under the …

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis In A Pediatric Lung Transplant Recipient, Sunil Chickmagalur, Anna Schrader, Dallas Parrish, David Moreno Mcneill, Maria C Gazzaneo, Ernestina Melicoff-Portillo, Nahir Cortes-Santiago

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare complication of solid organ transplantation and is a syndrome of systemic hyperinflammation secondary to dysregulation of the inflammatory response, primarily involving lymphocytes and macrophages. It is often fatal and therefore early recognition and treatment are crucial. Among 11 adult cases of HLH in post-lung transplant cases found in the literature, only one patient survived.

Case: We report the first known pediatric case of HLH following lung transplantation. The patient, a previously healthy adolescent, developed end-stage bullous lung disease secondary to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and underwent bilateral lung transplantation. Two months posttransplant, …

A Review Of The Efficacy Of Complementary And Alternative Medicines In Managing Dermatologic Infectious Diseases, Promise Ufomadu, Bartley Joseph Gill, Ikue Shimizu, Ida Orengo, Theodore Rosen

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Dermatologic infections, particularly fungal and viral, are globally prevalent and often lead patients to seek complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). This review critically evaluates 17 studies investigating CAM efficacy in treating dermatologic infectious diseases, focusing on those evaluated in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Tea tree oil shows modest benefit for fungal infections such as tinea pedis and onychomycosis, though studies are limited by poor blinding and dropout rates. For herpes simplex virus (HSV), propolis and Melissa officinalis demonstrate potential antiviral effects, but findings are limited by subjective outcomes and industry sponsorship. Green tea extract (polyphenon E) shows efficacy in treating …

Bridging The Gap: From Early Recognition To Timely Referral For Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices Infections, M Rizwan Sohail, Sarwat Khalil, Molly L Paras, Christopher B Granger, Andrew Uehlin, Yu-Rong Gao, Zerelda Esquer Garrigos

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

An increasing number of patients are living with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). When a patient with a CIED is hospitalized with concern for infection or positive blood cultures from any source, recognizing and managing a possible CIED infection is critical due to its significant morbidity and mortality risk. Internists are often the first to evaluate these patients and must consider the possibility of an underlying device infection. Gram-positive bacteremia carries a high risk of CIED infection, often necessitating cardiac imaging. In contrast, hematogenous seeding with gram-negative bacteremia is infrequent. Patients with clinical or imaging evidence of device infection should …

Adenovirus Types In Us Children Hospitalized Or Seen In The Emergency Department With Acute Respiratory Illness, 2016-2019, Tess Stopczynski, Varvara Probst, Adam Gailani, Justin Z Amarin, Olla Hamdan, Haya Hayek, Laura S Stewart, Herdi K Rahman, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Jennifer E Schuster, Christopher J Harrison, Mary E Moffatt, Marian G Michaels, John V Williams, Julie A Boom, Leila C Sahni, Vasanthi Avadhanula, Mary Allen Staat, Elizabeth P Schlaudecker, Christina Quigley, Geoffrey A Weinberg, Peter G Szilagyi, Janet A Englund, Eileen J Klein, Aaron T Curns, Heidi L Moline, Ariana P Toepfer, James D Chappell, Andrew J Spieker, Natasha B Halasa

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common cause of pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI), contributing to 5-13% of cases worldwide. Clinical manifestations vary by HAdV species and type; therefore, delineating type-specific disease presentations and understanding severity of specific HAdV types' disease may help develop targeted interventions.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter, prospective study within the New Vaccine Surveillance Network to characterize HAdV types. Children < 18 years old with ARI were enrolled in the emergency department or inpatient setting at 7 US children's hospitals from 1 December 2016 to 30 November 2019. Respiratory specimens were collected and tested for HAdV and other viruses. Subsequently, typing was conducted on HAdV specimens using single-plex real-time PCR assays targeting sequences in the hexon gene. Comparisons between HAdV types were performed to determine differences in characteristics and outcomes. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate severity.

Results: Among the 1843 HAdV-positive cases, 1402 specimens (76%) were typed. The most common types detected were HAdV-C1 (n = 439), HAdV-C2 (n = 393), and HAdV-B3 (n = 221). Children with HAdV-B7 (n = 78) …

Exploration Of Zileuton Protective Mechanisms Against Vancomycin-Associated Nephrotoxicity, Cole S Hudson, James E Smith, Rongjin Sun, Linh T Vuong, Luan D Truong, David Sheikh-Hamad, Masayuki Nigo, Ming Hu, Vincent H Tam

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Vancomycin is one of the most commonly used parenteral antibiotics for treating drug-resistant bacterial infections, however, it is hindered by nephrotoxicity. We previously demonstrated that zileuton could delay the onset of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in rats. Here, we sought to understand the mechanism(s) of zileuton renal protection. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered vancomycin (200 mg/kg) and zileuton (1 and 4 mg/kg) daily for 10 days. After 3 days, kidneys were collected from select animals for histopathological analysis of renal injury. Single-dose vancomycin serum pharmacokinetics and renal tissue spatial distribution with adjuvant zileuton were evaluated. In vitro, proximal tubular cells were exposed …

Experiences Of U.S. Frontline Physicians During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study, Robin L. Whitney, Melissa Gosdin, Sabrina F. Loureiro, Marykate Miller, Joy Melnikow, Richard L. Kravitz

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused profound and rapid changes in patient care and healthcare system organization. There is a compelling need for insight into the challenges that confronted physicians during the early phase of the pandemic to identify successful adaptations and strategies that minimize disruption to patient care and protect clinician wellbeing. The purpose of this study was to understand physicians’ lived experiences of providing patient care during the early COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This qualitative, descriptive study used a thematic analysis approach. The sample included 17 physicians from five specialties with direct care experience of COVID-19 patients (infectious disease, primary …

Modeling Reemergence Of Vaccine-Eliminated Infectious Diseases Under Declining Vaccination In The United States, Mathew V Kiang, Kate M Bubar, Yvonne Maldonado, Peter J Hotez, Nathan C Lo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

(Abstracted from JAMA 2025;333(24):2176-2187) The development of childhood vaccine protocols has led to the elimination of many infectious diseases from the United States, including measles, rubella, diphtheria, and polio, by maintaining herd immunity. In recent years, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccination rates have declined due to policy changes, misinformation, distrust, and broader societal shifts.

Enhancing Provider Knowledge And Implementation Of Medication For Opioid Use Disorder (Moud) To Improve Treatment Outcomes: A Quality Improvement Project., Motunrayo Abigael Ibraheem

Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2020 - Present

This quality improvement project sought to enhance healthcare providers' knowledge and attitudes toward Medication for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD) at Galt Ocean Rehab Center to improve treatment outcomes for patients with opioid use disorder. Despite evidence supporting the efficacy of MOUD, significant knowledge gaps and stigmatizing attitudes among providers create barriers to optimal care. Sixteen healthcare providers participated in a comprehensive educational intervention grounded in Jean Watson's Theory of Transpersonal Caring and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's Model for Improvement. The intervention consisted of a 4-hour workshop, six weekly reinforcement sessions, and the implementation of standardized buprenorphine management protocols. Pre- …

Association Of Area Deprivation Index With Perinatal And Covid-19 Outcomes During The Early Pandemic: A Secondary Analysis Of A Prospective Cohort Study, Abigail Bell, Megan Foeller, Candice Woolfolk, Emily Diveley, Fan Zhang, Amy Scheffer, Ruizhi Huang, Daniel Jackson, Nandini Raghuraman, Ebony Carter, Indira U Mysorekar, Jeannie C Kelly

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the relationship between neighborhood-level deprivation and perinatal outcomes, particularly preterm birth, as well as COVID-19 outcomes among pregnant patients during the early pandemic.

METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of a prospective longitudinal cohort study that investigated the impact of prenatal COVID-19 exposure on perinatal outcomes. Pregnant patients were recruited 12/23/20-7/18/22 and serially assessed for COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy, with serum antibody testing, electronic medical record review, and patient report. For this secondary analysis, address at the time of delivery was used to categorize patients into low ADI (≤50

RESULTS: 306 patients were included: 124 …

Genetic Predisposition To Persistent Fatigue After A Diagnosis Of Colorectal Cancer, Elham Kazemian, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Cancer-related fatigue (fatigue) is a common and persistent symptom after cancer treatment, yet the role of genetic susceptibility remains unclear.

METHODS: We used data from a prospective cohort study called the ColoCare Study, conducted over 5 US sites and Germany. Fatigue was assessed at 5 time points using the European Organisation for the Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire fatigue subscale and analyzed as (1) a binary summary measure of the trajectory from diagnosis into survivorship (defined as severe: yes/no), (2) a mean score across all time points, and (3) the highest (ie, worst) score …

Early Life Infection With Cryptosporidium Parvum Induces Inflammatory Responses To Dietary Antigens, Iti Saraav, Wanyi Huang, Jisun Jung, Rui Xu, Yong Fu, Keely Mcdonald, Lawrence A Schriefer, Rachel Rodgers, Megan T Baldridge, Rodney D Newberry, Chyi-Song Hsieh, L David Sibley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

To examine the effect of early-life infection with

Single Cell Viral Tagging Of Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii Reveals Rare Bacteriophages Omitted By Other Techniques, Danielle E Campbell, Xiaofen Wu, Lindsey R Hall, Dylan Lawrence, Jerome M Molleston, Lawrence A Schriefer, Lindsay Droit, James S Weagley, Benjamin S Olson, Joanna Rimmer, Miles Parkes, Scott A Handley, Megan T Baldridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The associations of the gut microbiome and virome with human health and disease are increasingly numerous and clear. The mechanistic roles of bacteriophages (phages) in the microbiome, however, are especially unclear, as their cultivation is exceedingly difficult and their diversity so immense. We use viral tagging (VT), a technique wherein fluorescently stained uncultivated viruses are allowed to adsorb to host cells and then host cells are singly sorted. This method identifies interacting phage-bacteria pairs to better sample and characterize the phages in human stool samples from healthy and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-affected patients. First, we apply VT to uncultivated bacteria …

Long-Term Illness In Adults Hospitalized For Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease, United States, February 2022-September 2023, Aleda M Leis, Jennie H Kwon, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe illness, but little is known about long-term consequences in hospitalized adults. We surveyed adults (>18 years of age) who survived hospitalization for RSV or COVID-19 during February 2022-September 2023 about physical functioning and quality of life; surveys were conducted 6-12 months after hospitalization. We compared outcomes after RSV hospitalization by age (< 60 vs. >60 years) and to those hospitalized for COVID-19 by using multivariable regression models. Among 146 adults hospitalized with RSV, 27.4% reported severe breathlessness and 21.9% poor quality of life at follow-up. Few differences were seen in posthospital illness by age. …

Impact Of Silencing Automated Penicillin Cross-Reactivity Alerts On Perioperative Antibiotic Prescribing And Surgical Site Infection Rates, Michael J Durkin, Joshua Nordman, Alice Bewley, Andrew Atkinson, Jonas Marschall, Helen Newland, Kimberly G Blumenthal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

We evaluated the impact of silencing penicillin cross-reactivity alerts on perioperative antibiotic prescribing and surgical site infections (SSIs) in 6 hospitals using an interrupted time series analysis. Silencing the alerts minimally increased cefazolin prescribing among penicillin allergy labeled patients (sensitivity analysis only;

Phenotypic Variability And Paternal Inheritance Of A Chd8 Variant Causing Intellectual Developmental Disorder With Autism And Macrocephaly Confirmed By Epigenetic And Structural Analyses, Yutaka Furuta, Jonathan H Sheehan, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Intellectual developmental disorder with autism and macrocephaly (IDDAM, OMIM #615032) is an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized primarily by intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, macrocephaly, tall stature, gastrointestinal symptoms, and variable neurological manifestations. Most cases result from de novo pathogenic variants in CHD8.

METHODS: We conducted genome sequencing through the Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) in a female proband harboring a CHD8 variant of uncertain significance (VUS), whose clinical presentation was consistent with IDDAM but included atypical features such as ptosis and hearing loss. Variant pathogenicity was further evaluated using EpiSign DNA methylation analysis and structural biology modeling.

RESULTS: Genome …

Assessment Of Knowledge And Attitudes Of Undergraduate Students On Trichomoniasis In Ghana, Christopher Yaw Dumevi, Ezekiel Kofi Vicar, Lorie Christla Quansah, Rhoda Oklu, Smith Joshua, Joyce Junior Asiamah, James-Paul Kretchy, George Boateng Kyei, Patience B Tetteh-Quarcoo, Nicholas T K D Dayie, Irene Ayi, Patrick F Ayeh-Kumi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Trichomoniasis is a non-viral neglected sexually transmitted disease of public health importance. Undergraduate students, often experiencing newfound freedom from family oversight, may engage in risky sexual behaviors, predisposing them to trichomoniasis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards trichomoniasis and associated factors among the Central University students in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.

METHODS: An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2024, involving 387 undergraduate students from Central University who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured researcher-led …

A Roadmap To Scale Up Person-Centred Care In The Hiv Response: Recommendations From A Global Consensus-Building Process, Lina Golob, Elvin H Geng, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: World Health Organization global normative guidance recommends person-centred care (PCC) approaches to reduce HIV-related mortality and morbidity and to improve health-related quality of life (HrQoL). However, consensus on the priority PCC elements and guidance on how different stakeholders can realize PCC principles at the health systems, service delivery and individual client-healthcare worker (HCW) levels are lacking. We conducted a global consensus-building process to define core PCC elements and develop recommendations for implementation at scale.

METHODS: We used a multi-phase process to build consensus and prioritize recommendations, consisting of a literature review, five stakeholder consultations (34-43 participants each) between July …

Sex Differences In Cardiovascular Disease And Associated Factors In People Living With Hiv: Evidence From All Of Us Program, Hao Zhang, Huiyi Xia, Fanghui Shi, Qingyang Li, Sharon Weissman, Xiaoming Li, Xueying Yang

Faculty Publications

Background

People living with HIV (PLWH) face a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with significant sex differences in outcomes. However, it is unclear whether these differences are driven by distinct risk factor profiles or by a differential impact of shared risk factors. This study aimed to identify factors associated with CVD among PLWH and to specifically assess for effect modification by sex using a large, diverse nationwide database.

Methods

We utilized data from the All of Us Research Program (AoU). The primary outcome was a composite of coronary artery disease or stroke. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify …

Post-Release Health Insurance Utilization Among Ex-Prisoners: A Scoping Review, Icha Khaerunnisa, Megah Andriany, Luky Dwiantoro

Kesmas

The lack of health insurance coverage after prison release significantly reduces access to essential healthcare services, hindering the continuity of care during community reintegration. The evidence on studies of health insurance use following prison release is limited. This scoping review aimed to summarize research on health insurance utilization after release from prison. Literature searches were conducted across databases including ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus. Relevant articles were selected through a two-stage screening process. Data were extracted from the included studies and presented in tabular and descriptive formats. The keywords used were "health insurance AND post-release" and "inmates OR prisoners." This scoping …

Challenges And Policies For Female Sex Workers’ Readiness To Participate In Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Program: An Explorative Qualitative Study, Rico Januar Sitorus, Anita Rahmiwati, Diana Dewi Sartika, Elvi Sunarsih, Asri Maharani

Kesmas

The prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus is high among female sex workers (FSWs) in Indonesia, underscoring the need for integrated prevention strategies supported by strong government policies. This study aimed to investigate FSWs' willingness to participate in a pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with 20 participants residing in Pangkal Pinang City, Indonesia (4 stakeholders and 16 FSWs), recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected from July to September 2024. This non-probability sampling method was adopted due to the focus on specific study objectives and a targeted population. The analysis of the interviews revealed three theme …