Digital Commons Network^™

Kinetic And Thermodynamic Analysis Of Enpp1, Marisa Mary Michalchik

Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Dissertations

The Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase Phosphodiesterase (ENPP) family members are promiscuous extracellular enzymes that play central roles in human physiology via catalysis of nucleotide and lipid substrates, but remain poorly characterized at the biochemical level. The founding member, ENPP1, is a glycosylated transmembrane enzyme with an extracellular catalytic domain that degrades nucleotide substrates (ATP and cGAMP) into their respective nucleotide monophosphates, playing a key role in both the regulation of biomineralization and innate immune system activation. The ENPP1 ATPase is the major source of extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi), the main chemical inhibitor of calcium phosphate crystal formation in physiology. ENPP1 deficiency lowers systemic …

Novel Nano-Formulations Based On Flash Nanoprecipitation For Ocular Drug Delivery, Lin Qi

Doctoral Dissertations

Effective ocular drug delivery has always been a challenge for clinical and research. Although many nanotechnology-based formulations have been developed and showed great potential in ocular drug delivery, this is far from enough to meet clinical requirements. These studies aimed at the design and synthesis of novel nanoparticles using multi-inlet vortex mixer (MIVM) to improve ocular drug delivery efficiency. The first project involves packaging two different anti-glaucoma drugs, brimonidine (BM) and betaxolol (BX), into solid drug nanoparticles (SDNs) by MIVM, which can achieve both functions, reducing aqueous humor production and promoting aqueous humor efflux. The studies demonstrate that the SDNs …

The Association Of Maternal Hemoglobin Concentration With The Placental Weight And Placental Weight To Fetal Weight Ratio: A Hospital Based Study, Hiba Nsaif, Shahla Mahmoud

Iraqi Postgraduate Medical Journal

ABSTRACT:Background: There is disagreement among studies regarding the association between maternal hemoglobin levels and pregnancy outcome. This includes low birth weight, increase placental weight and a high placental -to-birth weight ratio. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the concentration of maternal hemoglobin for 37-42 weeks pregnant women with neonatal birth weight, placental weight, and placental to birth weight ratio. Patients and methods: five hundred pregnant women in labour were enrolled in this cross-sectional study from 1st February 2024 to 30th of August 2024 at the labour ward of Maternity Teaching Hospital, Erbil city, Kurdistan …

Bilirubin Hepatic And Intestinal Transport And Catabolism: Physiology, Pathophysiology, And Benefits, Zachary A. Kipp, Sally N. Pauss, Genesee J. Martinez, Terry D. Hinds, Jr., Wang-Hsin Lee

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Bilirubin, a metabolite derived from heme degradation, has traditionally been regarded as a waste product and a marker of liver injury. However, increasing evidence suggests that bilirubin also functions as a hormone, and reduced levels are associated with metabolic dysfunction. Studies have shown a strong association between low circulating bilirubin levels and an increased risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. To advance bilirubin-based treatment strategies, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying bilirubin transport and metabolism. Therefore, we provide an in-depth discussion of bilirubin production and its subsequent fates, with a particular focus on the transport between the …

Domain-Constrained Clustering: A Two-Stage Framework For Muscle Fiber Type Identification, Fanchao Yi

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

This dissertation introduces a novel Two-Stage Clustering Framework for the automated identification of human skeletal muscle fiber types using fluorescence microscopy image intensity data. By integrating two complementary clustering methods, this framework overcomes the subjectivity and labor-intensive nature of traditional manual methods, offering an objective and efficient solution for large-scale muscle physiology research. The initial framework combined Density Peaks Clustering (DPC) with a Gaussian Mixture Model employing a t-distribution (GMM-t). This version was validated by comparing its clustering results with manual counts at the individual subject level. We successfully applied this framework in two published studies \cite{brennan2020,hinkley2023}, demonstrating its practical …

Exploring The Role Of Bingocize® Workshops In Enhancing Health And Well-Being In Older Adults, Kaitlyn Gray

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

As the population of older adults grows, the need for better health and well-being also grows, making it necessary to implement effective strategies for healthy aging to improve the length and quality of life of older adults (CDC, 2024). This study evaluates the effectiveness of a Bingocize^® Workshop in improving the physical health of older adults. Bingocize^®, a unique program combining bingo with exercise, is designed to increase physical activity. Eleven (11) participants aged 68.55 ± 6.235 attended a ten-week workshop, two times per week focusing on physical exercises tailored to their abilities. The primary objective was …

Fabricating Silver-Ceria Polymer Nanocomposite Scaffolds For Biomedical Therapeutic Applications, Shreya S. Pawar

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Improper healing of bone fractures and limited regeneration of bone following bone tumor resection remain a prevalent complication worldwide. Long-term effects of this include joint instability, limited movement, and arthritis. Bone infections (osteomyelitis), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation via excessive inflammation, and underlying conditions such as osteoporosis can contribute to suboptimal bone tissue regeneration. ROS accumulation stimulates osteoblast apoptosis, while promoting osteoclast differentiation. These processes inhibit mineralization and osteogenesis. Conventional therapeutics involve the utilization of drugs and bone grafts. However, these approaches pose limitations and can result in subsequent complications. Microbial infections, ROS accumulation, and excessive inflammations are factors that …

Gait Kinematics And Muscular Responses To Rhythmic Perturbations In Healthy Young Adults, Kayley A. Romero

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

Falls pose a significant risk across all ages, leading to injury and loss of independence. Understanding gait adaptation to external perturbations provides insights into balance control and muscle activation, with implications for rehabilitation and fall prevention. While entrainment, the synchronization of biological rhythms to external stimuli, has been widely studied using auditory and visual cues, its effects in response to mechanical perturbations remain unclear. This study examines how young, healthy adults adapt to discrete mediolateral perturbations and whether entrainment occurs when mediolateral perturbations are applied at set timings determined by their natural stride period.

Participants walked on a self-paced treadmill …

Deepfake Detection And Defense: An Analysis Of Techniques And Robustness, Nigel Francis

Graduate Thesis and Dissertation post-2024

The rise of deepfake media powered by the abrupt and rapid advances in generative AI, has introduced serious concerns and challenges in digital content verification. Although there is a wide range of detection strategies currently in use and being proposed, many remain limited in their ability to generalize across manipulation types, defend against adversarial attacks, or operate efficiently in real world scenarios. This paper presents a survey of deepfake detection and defense techniques, organized into ten technical categories: frequency-based, spatial-based, temporal-based, physiological-based, multimodal detection, adversarial attacks and defenses, forensic noise-based methods, watermarking and prevention strategies and dataset contributions. Drawing on …

Reprogramming Of Immunometabolic Functions In Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells During Neuroinflammation: Insights From Ischemic Stroke And Sepsis, Shokofeh Rahimpourkaldeh

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ischemic stroke and sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) are two distinct conditions that share common pathophysiological mechanisms affecting brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). Ischemic stroke results from an acute reduction in cerebral blood flow due to thrombosis or embolism, leading to energy failure, oxidative stress, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. SAE, a neurological complication of sepsis, arises from systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, and BBB disruption, leading to cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation. Despite their different etiologies, both conditions involve BMEC dysfunction as a central mediator of neurovascular injury. This dissertation aims to investigate the immunometabolic dysfunction of BMECs in ischemic stroke and sepsis, …

Grounded In Motion: Finding Calm Through Daily Stretching, Everett H. Tai

ENGS 15.11: Design and Education

This lesson targets undergraduate students, reframing stretching as an essential, evidence-based habit for long-term wellness and stress management. The lesson's primary goal is to empower students to confidently design and consistently apply a personalized routine that protects their mobility and independence. Students will master the core science, understanding that dynamic stretching may augment performance pre-exercise, while shorter static stretches can be performed without compromising muscle performance, and post-exercise stretching can reduce muscle pain perception. This lesson emphasizes proper execution, requiring students to warm up first with 5 to 10 minutes of light activity with focus on technique. This practical knowledge …

Neurovascular Coupling Impairments In Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: An Eeg-Nirs Analysis, Zachary Armstrong

Bioengineering Theses - Archive

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of neurological impairment, often leading to variable recovery and uncertain prognosis in the neurocritical care setting. There is a pressing clinical need for robust, physiologically grounded biomarkers to inform prognosis and therapeutic decision-making in acute TBI. This thesis investigates neurovascular coupling (NVC), the physiological coordination between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow, as a candidate biomarker for brain function and recovery after injury.

A prospective cohort study was performed using simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) recordings in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI and healthy controls. Wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis was …

Measuring Emotion In Education Using Gsr And Hr Data From Wearable Devices, Qian Dong, Qingyun Wang, Rong Miao

Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange (JETDE)

The pivotal role of emotions in education is universally recognized, leading to a surge of interest in emotion recognition. Wearable devices that collect real-time and nuanced subjective physiological data make it possible to delve into the intricate emotional dynamics in education. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of research exploring its potential role in tracking the emotional shifts among students of varying levels in response to specific pedagogical strategies in face-to-face chess classroom. By analyzing both objective GSR and HR data from wearable devices and subjective data from students and teachers in chess classrooms, students at different levels had experienced distinct …

Effects Of Active Learning In An Undergraduate Physiology Class Using Hands-On And Simulation Labs, Ainsley C. Frayer

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Increasing student engagement has shown positive effects on students and can be achieved by incorporating active learning strategies in the lab. Currently, the undergraduate human physiology lab at Missouri State University utilizes simulations to practice physiological concepts. The proposed project aims to evaluate if incorporating hands-on labs would improve student learning and/or their engagement. The hypothesis is engagement will be increased in hands-on labs, but grades will not differ significantly, based on previous literature. Three simulations were replaced with hands-on lab software to evaluate engagement and learning. Student engagement was assessed using a voluntary, anonymous survey. Exam average scores were …

Menstrual Cycle Phase Effects On Exercise Thermoregulation And Performance In The Heat, Kailei J. Eustis

All Master's Theses

Hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle (MC) may influence physiological responses. This study examined whether thermoregulatory measures differ across MC phases, and if these changes impact running performance in the heat. Ten eumenorrheic adults completed two treadmill runs in simulated conditions (wet bulb globe temperature 31.7 ± 1.4°C) during early follicular (EF) and midluteal (ML) phases. First 45min was a constant self-selected light pace followed by a 15min performance test for distance. Core temperature (Tc), mean skin temperature (Ts), heart rate (HR), perceived exertion (RPE), thermal perception (THERM), and comfort perception (COMF) were assessed every 5min. Sweat perception (SP), sweat …

When Emotions Flare: Solar Rhythms, Emotions And Cycles Of Political Revolution, Andreas Hernandez, Carolina Zilli Vieira, Alexandra Smith, Rebecca Olson

Geography and Environmental Studies Faculty Publications

Revolutions are among the most transformative events in human history. Analyzing 395 revolutionary episodes from 1900 to 2014, we find that major waves cluster around solar maxima - periods of intensified geomagnetic activity. Drawing on biomedical research linking geomagnetic disturbances to cardiovascular and stress regulation, and thus to emotional states, we propose that solar cycles modulate the affective ecologies within which revolutions arise. Solar activity may accelerate, shape, and amplify revolutionary cycles by heightening emotional climates and tipping fragile systems toward mass mobilization. This reframes revolutions as planetary events - entanglements of political conflict, embodied emotion, and cosmic …

Effects Of Energy Drinks On Crayfish Physiology, Melyna Sweeney

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Energy drinks have become the drink of choice among many college students due to the rush of energy it provides via the megadose of caffeine (Vercammen et al. 2019). Because of their newfound popularity, there is much research to be done about the effects on human physiology. Energy drinks are known to increase endurance in muscles of rat subjects (Imagawa et al. 2009) and stimulate enhanced “alertness” (Smit & Rogers, 2002). The purpose of this research was to uncover the potential effects that energy drinks have on metabolic rate and/or stress responses in crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), with the …

The Alcohol Exposome, Nousha H. Sabet, Todd A. Wyatt

Journal Articles: Environmental, Agricultural & Occupational Health

Science is now in a new era of exposome research that strives to build a more all-inclusive, panoramic view in the quest for answers; this is especially true in the field of toxicology. Alcohol exposure researchers have been examining the multivariate co-exposures that may either exacerbate or initiate alcohol-related tissue/organ injuries. This manuscript presents selected key variables that represent the Alcohol Exposome. The primary variables that make up the Alcohol Exposome can include comorbidities such as cigarettes, poor diet, occupational hazards, environmental hazards, infectious agents, and aging. In addition to representing multiple factors, the Alcohol Exposome examines the various types …

Programmable Scanning Diffuse Speckle Contrast Imaging Of Cerebral Blood Flow, Faezeh Akbari, Xuhui Liu, Fatemeh Hamedi, Mehrana Mohtasebi, Li Chen, Lei Chen, Guoqiang Yu

Physiology Faculty Publications

Significance: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging is crucial for diagnosing cerebrovascular diseases. However, existing large neuroimaging techniques with high cost, low sampling rate, and poor mobility make them unsuitable for continuous and longitudinal CBF monitoring at the bedside. Aim: We aimed to develop a low-cost, portable, programmable scanning diffuse speckle contrast imaging (PS-DSCI) technology for fast, high-density, and depth-sensitive imaging of CBF in rodents. Approach: The PS-DSCI employed a programmable digital micromirror device (DMD) for remote line-shaped laser (785 nm) scanning on tissue surface and synchronized a 2D camera for capturing boundary diffuse laser speckle contrasts. New algorithms were developed …

Utilization Of Model-Based Approaches To Maximize Efficacy Of Antibiotics For The Treatment Of Mycobacterium Abscessus Pulmonary Infection, Hyunseo Park

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Prevalence and incidence of Mycobacterium abscessus (Mab) pulmonary infections have increased and been recognized as a major cause of mortality, particularly in certain patient populations, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Due to the intrinsic multidrug resistance mechanisms and biofilm (BF) formation properties of Mab, effective treatment remains challenging, as these factors significantly diminish the antibacterial activity of drugs. Current treatment guidelines recommend prolonged therapy, generally more than 12 months with a multidrug combination of at least four agents. However, no optimal combination, regimen, or treatment duration has been universally established for Mab pulmonary infections (Mab-PI). Therefore, the selective and …

The Circadian Modulating Drug Sr8278 Slows Cell Proliferation Independent Of Rev-Erbs, Ushaswini Atluri

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

The small molecule compound SR8278 was initially identified as an antagonist of the REV-ERB proteins, which play an important role in regulating circadian rhythms. Furthermore, the use of SR8278 in preclinical models has been demonstrated to ameliorate a variety of different pathologies. Using RNA-seq analysis of HaCaT keratinocytes treated with SR8278, our laboratory found that SR8278 induces a down regulation of genes involved in the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle and an up regulation of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. RT-qPCR and western blot analyses confirmed that SR8278 treatment led to lower expression of several factors involved in …

Optimization Of L-Citrulline Production In Corynebacterium Glutamicum, And The Effect Of The Human Small Intestine Environment, Simran S. Ghulldu

Honors Undergraduate Theses

L-citrulline is a crucial amino acid involved in nitric oxide production, which supports cardiovascular health, physical performance, and intestinal well-being. Nitric oxide deficiency is linked to conditions like hypertension, highlighting the need for efficient L-citrulline production. This study attempts to enhance L-citrulline synthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum, a bacterium widely used in industrial amino acid production, as well as test a The hypothesis is that overexpressing carAB, which encodes carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, will increase carbamoyl phosphate levels and boost L-citrulline production. Two C. glutamicum strains were used: a wild type and the CRBG strain, which has mutations that promote …

Using An Ecological And Cultural Lens To Examine The 1st Year Persistence And Science Identity Development Of At-Risk Biology Students Experiencing Multiple Equity-Minded High Impact Practices, Aura Fajardo Grandidge

Open Access Dissertations

In this study, I used an ecological and a cultural perspective to examine the first-year experiences of two cohorts of biology students exposed to multiple equity-minded High Impact Practices (HIPs) designed to promote their persistence and science identity development.

In chapter 1, I applied Graham et al.’s Persistence Framework (2013) and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory (1977) to investigate the bridges and barriers to persistence that biology students face while experiencing either an equity minded learning community, a first-year seminar, a course-based research experience, and/or an active learning introductory biology course. Using a mixed methods approach that focused on phenomenology, I …

Spiritual Implications Of The Timing Of The Death Of Jesus Christ, C. Thomas Black

Interpreter: A Journal of Latter-day Saint Faith and Scholarship

Centuries-long speculation continues regarding the circumstances surrounding the death of the Savior. Whether he died sooner than would have been expected, as some scholars believe, or lived longer than expected, statements from the scriptures and modern-day prophets indicate that the Lord died at the exact moment of his choice. According to the Gospels and historical accounts, that moment coincided with the sacrifice of the later of the two daily tamid sacrifices. The tamid had been instituted by Jehovah and symbolized the future atoning sacrifice of the Savior. Each of the other offerings throughout the sacrificial day between the two tamid …

The Threadbare Saint, Lucas Khoo

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

There are roughly 280,000 migrant domestic workers living in Singapore. Many of them come from the Philippines, Myanmar, and Indonesia to work as live-in maids. About 20% of households in Singapore employ domestic workers to assist in household chores and to help care for children and the elderly. Their work is multi-faceted: they are the cooks, the dishwashers, the car-washers, the baby-sitters, the pet groomers, and the laundrymen of many Singaporean households. They play a central role in the domestic lives of thousands of families in Singapore and are undoubtedly a part of the country’s social fabric; nevertheless, they have …

The Physiology Of Exercise, Rosie Lanphere

Open Educational Resources

The Physiology of Exercise (3rd Edition) is an essential resource for upper-level undergraduates studying exercise science. Written by Rosie Lanphere, PhD, CSCS, this text provides a clear and comprehensive exploration of how the human body responds and adapts to physical activity.

Covering metabolism, energy expenditure, and the integrated roles of the nervous, cardiovascular, endocrine, muscular, and respiratory systems, this edition reflects the latest research and practical applications in the field.

Designed with students in mind, each chapter includes learning objectives, key terms, and scholarly questions to reinforce understanding. Whether preparing for a career in exercise science or professional certification, this …

Systematic Co-Culture Of Ipsc-Cm And Ipsc-An Promote Co-Maturation In Vitro, William Gregory Terrell Jr.

Graduate Dissertations and Theses

The cardiac microenvironment is a complex system of multicellular interactions that enables proper heart function. In native heart muscle, sympathetic neurons (SN) and parasympathetic neurons (PSN) modulate the beat rate of cardiomyocytes (CM) to maintain homeostasis. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into CM, but differentiated CMs are fetal-like, with a high beat rate, and lack organized sarcomeric structure. Recent reports of co-cultured pluripotent CM/SN pairs have reported electrophysiological changes in the SN (increased upstroke velocity). However, interpretation of these results are obscured by the differences in co-culture parameters between studies (stage of development, co-culture duration, etc.). The goal of this …

Clarification Of Public Health Pathways Toward Clinical Careers: A Pilot Study Describing A Benchmark Analysis Project, Elizabeth A. Brown, Melissa Feliciano, Daniel Martinez

Health Behavior, Policy & Management Faculty Publications

Introduction: Undergraduate public health programs have adapted the required basic sciences based on medical and technological advances and the needs of the public health workforce. We aim to demonstrate how a benchmark analysis project was used to improve curriculum and develop a model where basic sciences in public health can be used to build pathways to clinical graduate programs like medicine, pharmacy, physician assistant, etc.

Methods: Authors conducted a benchmark analysis of Bachelor of Science in Public Health (BSPH) Degrees (or public health-related degrees) in the southern region of the United States (US) to explore required basic sciences. Authors searched …

University Of Minnesota Morris Catalog 2025-2027, University Of Minnesota-Morris

UMM Catalog

This document serves as an official historical record for a specific period in time. The information found is subject to change without notice. Colleges and departments make changes to their degree requirements and course descriptions frequently. More information is available at catalogs.umn.edu.

Developing Chemically Defined Serum-Free Medium For Leukemic Blast And Stem Cell Expansion, Carmen Eva Finley

Dissertations

The relapse and chemotherapy resistance are the major challenges of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, driven by a rare population of leukemia stem cells (LSCs). LSCs are unique types of cells which evade standard chemotherapies and can regenerate AML post-treatment. Targeting LSC therapy remains limited, in part due to the lack of reliable in vitro AML culture systems to grow LSCs for drug discovery. This study aimed to engineer a chemically defined, serum-free 2D in vitro culture condition that supports either the expansion of leukemic blasts (LBs) or primary human LSCs by optimizing current protocols for hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) …