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Why Covid-19 Transmission Is More Efficient And Aggressive Than Viral Transmission In Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?, Fatma Elrashdy, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky Jan 2020

Why Covid-19 Transmission Is More Efficient And Aggressive Than Viral Transmission In Previous Coronavirus Epidemics?, Fatma Elrashdy, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Vladimir N. Uversky

Molecular Medicine Faculty Publications

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The worldwide transmission of COVID-19 from human to human is spreading like wildfire, affecting almost every country in the world. In the past 100 years, the globe did not face a microbial pandemic similar in scale to COVID-19. Taken together, both previous outbreaks of other members of the coronavirus family (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV)) did not produce even 1% of the global harm already inflicted by COVID-19. There are also four other CoVs capable of infecting humans …


Two Boron-Containing Compounds Affect The Cellular Viability Of Sh-Sy5y Cells In An In Vitro Amyloid-Beta Toxicity Model, Mehmet Ozansoy, Mehmet Özgen Altintaş, Muzaffer Beyza Ozansoy, Necmeddi̇n Günay, Ertuğrul Kiliç, Ülkan Kiliç Jan 2020

Two Boron-Containing Compounds Affect The Cellular Viability Of Sh-Sy5y Cells In An In Vitro Amyloid-Beta Toxicity Model, Mehmet Ozansoy, Mehmet Özgen Altintaş, Muzaffer Beyza Ozansoy, Necmeddi̇n Günay, Ertuğrul Kiliç, Ülkan Kiliç

Turkish Journal of Biology

Boron is a naturally occurring trace element found in organic and inorganic complexes. Boron-containing compounds are required for living organisms for diverse metabolic functions, including nitrogen fixation in microorganisms, cell wall stability in plants, and bone and carbohydrate metabolism in animals. The number of studies about the effect of boron in biological model systems is very limited; so far, there has been no study on the correlation between boron and amyloid-beta toxicity. Here, we investigated the possible effects of 2 boron-containing compounds-sodium borate decahydrate and boric acid-against amyloid-beta toxicity. In our in vitro amyloid-beta toxicity model, we showed that these …


Examining Links Between Culture, Identity, And Learning, Margaret Beale Spencer, Carly Offidani-Bertrand, Keshia Harris, Gabriel M. Velez Jan 2020

Examining Links Between Culture, Identity, And Learning, Margaret Beale Spencer, Carly Offidani-Bertrand, Keshia Harris, Gabriel M. Velez

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Learning as a cultural process is deeply rooted in our biology and in our evolutionary history. Prior generational intrusions and major events have implications for patterned interactions, processes, and outcomes for subsequent cohorts. Elder’s “Children of the Great Depression: Social Change in Life Experience” (1974) provides an illustration determined by a major socioeconomic fluctuation. Specifically, his description of the long-term impacts of the early 20th century economic depression on youth as observed across time are parallel to current 21st century observations of developmental expressions of cultural processes having under-acknowledged foundations (Davis, Burleigh, & Gardner, 1941; Davis & Havighurst, 1946; …


Fat In The Academy: Reimagining The Experience Of The Fat Academic, Danielle Marie Lavendier Jan 2020

Fat In The Academy: Reimagining The Experience Of The Fat Academic, Danielle Marie Lavendier

Doctoral Dissertations

This dissertation gives teachers with stigmatized bodies space to enter into a conversation that is often had without them by media and medical providers. Fat bodies are maligned in contemporary American society and, for a number of reasons, including American ideas about independence and self-control, European-based standards of beauty, media representation, and more, fat people (especially women) are seen as pathological, out-of-control and as draining to the greater society. Within academia, there are pressures for fat folks, as well. This qualitative interview-based study focuses on self-identified fat, female professors and graduate students in Composition and Rhetoric. These women are high …


Misconceptions About Conception And Other Fallacies: Historical Bias In Reproductive Biology, Virginia Hayssen Jan 2020

Misconceptions About Conception And Other Fallacies: Historical Bias In Reproductive Biology, Virginia Hayssen

Biological Sciences: Faculty Publications

Natural selection (differential reproduction) is a major tenet of evolutionary theory. In mammals the success of reproduction is primarily controlled by females who provide the majority of offspring care via gestation and lactation. In some species, maternal care also extends post-weaning. This primacy of female reproduction in evolution has not quite crept into our understanding of organismal adaptations in anatomy, physiology, and behavior. This cultural legacy has left its mark and led to misconceptions in our understanding of reproductive biology that are especially prominent in the understanding of reproduction in the general public. Here, I give examples of such misconceptions. …


Embodying Inequality: Three Papers On The Role Of Gender And Discrimination In The Lives Of Women, Stefana I. Moldovan Jan 2020

Embodying Inequality: Three Papers On The Role Of Gender And Discrimination In The Lives Of Women, Stefana I. Moldovan

Theses and Dissertations--Social Work

Women experience different forms of discrimination throughout their lives such as unfair treatment in interpersonal interactions in the public spheres and in the private sphere, as prescribed by societal gender roles, women can also experience inequality and discrimination as a disproportionate share of household work and caregiving, limited participation in decision making, unequal access and share of financial resources and leisure, and as well as in cases, of emotional, and physical, or sexual abuse. Limited research explored the potential joint effect of these forms of discrimination. The questions explored in this dissertation were: (1) How does gendered intra-household inequality, experienced …


Physiological Effects During Aerobatic Flights On Science Astronaut Candidates, Pedro Llanos, Diego M. Garcia Jan 2020

Physiological Effects During Aerobatic Flights On Science Astronaut Candidates, Pedro Llanos, Diego M. Garcia

Publications

Spaceflight is considered the last frontier in terms of science, technology, and engineering. But it is also the next frontier in terms of human physiology and performance. After more than 200,000 years humans have evolved under earth’s gravity and atmospheric conditions, spaceflight poses environmental stresses for which human physiology is not adapted. Hypoxia, accelerations, and radiation are among such stressors, our research involves suborbital flights aiming to develop effective countermeasures in order to assure sustainable human space presence. The physiologic baseline of spaceflight participants is subject to great variability driven by age, gender, fitness, and metabolic reserve. The objective of …


Physiological Effects On Scientist Astronaut Candidates: Hypobaric Training Assessment, Pedro Llanos, Diego Garcia Jan 2020

Physiological Effects On Scientist Astronaut Candidates: Hypobaric Training Assessment, Pedro Llanos, Diego Garcia

Publications

This paper is addressed to expanding our understanding of the effects of hypoxia training on our bodies to better model its dynamics and leverage some of its implications and effects on human health. Hypoxia training is a recommended practice for military and civilian pilots that allow them to recognize their early hypoxia signs and symptoms, and Scientist Astronaut Candidates (SACs) who underwent hypobaric hypoxia (HH) exposure as part of a training activity for prospective suborbital flight applications. This observational-analytical study describes physiologic responses and symptoms experienced by a SAC group before, during and after HH exposure and proposes a model …


Challenges In Design And Fabrication Of Flexible/Stretchable Carbon- And Textile-Based Wearable Sensors For Health Monitoring: A Critical Review, Jae Seng Heo, Md Faruk Hossain, Insoo Kim Jan 2020

Challenges In Design And Fabrication Of Flexible/Stretchable Carbon- And Textile-Based Wearable Sensors For Health Monitoring: A Critical Review, Jae Seng Heo, Md Faruk Hossain, Insoo Kim

Bioelectrics Publications

To demonstrate the wearable flexible/stretchable health-monitoring sensor, it is necessary to develop advanced functional materials and fabrication technologies. Among the various developed materials and fabrication processes for wearable sensors, carbon-based materials and textile-based configurations are considered as promising approaches due to their outstanding characteristics such as high conductivity, lightweight, high mechanical properties, wearability, and biocompatibility. Despite these advantages, in order to realize practical wearable applications, electrical and mechanical performances such as sensitivity, stability, and long-term use are still not satisfied. Accordingly, in this review, we describe recent advances in process technologies to fabricate advanced carbon-based materials and textile-based sensors, followed …


Non-Linear Inverse Liquid-Solid Chromatography As A Methodology To Characterize Drug Concentration Losses To Polymeric Materials Used In Body-On-A-Chip Devices For Drug Discovery, Mark Schnepper Jan 2020

Non-Linear Inverse Liquid-Solid Chromatography As A Methodology To Characterize Drug Concentration Losses To Polymeric Materials Used In Body-On-A-Chip Devices For Drug Discovery, Mark Schnepper

Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2020-2023

Body-on-a-chip and human-on-a-chip systems are currently being used to augment and could eventually replace animal models in drug discovery and basic biological research. However, hydrophobic molecules, especially therapeutic compounds, tend to adsorb to the polymer materials used to create these microfluidic platforms, which may distort the dose-response curves that feed into Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models which translate preclinical data into predictions of clinical outcomes. Adsorption of hydrophobic molecules to these polymer materials needs better characterization. Inverse Liquid-Solid Chromatography paired with a numerical optimization based on the Langmuir model of adsorption was used to characterize the adsorption isotherm parameters of selected drugs …


Cerebral Autoregulation-Based Blood Pressure Management In The Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit: Towards Individualizing Care In Ischemic Stroke And Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Andrew Silverman Jan 2020

Cerebral Autoregulation-Based Blood Pressure Management In The Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit: Towards Individualizing Care In Ischemic Stroke And Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Andrew Silverman

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The purpose of this thesis is to review the concept of cerebral autoregulation, to establish the feasibility of continuous bedside monitoring of autoregulation, and to examine the impact of impaired autoregulation on functional and clinical outcomes following subarachnoid hemorrhage and ischemic stroke. Autoregulation plays a key role in the regulation of brain blood flow and has been shown to fail in acute brain injury. Disturbed autoregulation may lead to secondary brain injury as well as worse outcomes. Furthermore, there exist several methodologies, both invasive and non-invasive, for the continuous assessment of autoregulation in individual patients. Resultant autoregulatory parameters of brain …


The Effect Of Hibiscus.Sabdariffa. L On Blood Pressure And Arterial Stiffness In Humans, Basirat Tolulope Shittu Jan 2020

The Effect Of Hibiscus.Sabdariffa. L On Blood Pressure And Arterial Stiffness In Humans, Basirat Tolulope Shittu

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the foremost cause of death worldwide. The main risk factor for CVD is uncontrolled hypertension (HTN). The prescription of only anti-hypertensive regimens in the management of HTN is becoming more challenging due to the high cost and adverse effects linked to the persistent usage of the drugs. Eighteen participants completed the study by consuming 2g of Hibiscus sabdariffa or oolong tea twice daily for six weeks. We lost an additional twelve participants in the study due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Central arterial stiffness was analyzed as cfPWV using applanation tonometry technique. The HS tea intervention (n=11) …


The Anesthesia Continuing Education Market And The Value Creation From A Sustainable Unified Platform, Jefferson Souza Jan 2020

The Anesthesia Continuing Education Market And The Value Creation From A Sustainable Unified Platform, Jefferson Souza

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Practicing anesthesia professionals in the United States are all governed by various profession-specific regulatory bodies that mandate continuing education (CE) requirements. To date, no unified resource exists for anesthesia professionals (i.e., Anesthesiologists, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists, and Anesthesiologist Assistants) to explore the CE offerings available within the marketplace. This study endeavored to convey the potential value of a unified anesthesia CE resource. It investigated how to cultivate a sustainable platform to potentially improve how anesthesia professionals search available CE offerings and to potentially enhance how anesthesia CE providers reach anesthesia professionals. This qualitative study was conducted utilizing an integrative review …


The Influence Of Diet On The Gut Microbiome, Kayla Wede Jan 2020

The Influence Of Diet On The Gut Microbiome, Kayla Wede

Health and Nutritional Sciences Graduate Students Plan B Capstone Projects

There is growing research that directly looks at the relationship between the human diet and the gut microbiome. This paper is a narrative review of the current literature on how the human diet can influence the gut microbiome. Without a healthy gut, bacterial imbalances can occur which have been linked to health complications. There are many factors that affect the gut microbiome such as diet, medications, and exercise. There is also limited research that looks at the macronutrients and their role in gut health. It is known that the type of food that people consume is a major influencer of …


Persistence: 2019-20 Report Of The President, Office Of The President, Gonzaga University Jan 2020

Persistence: 2019-20 Report Of The President, Office Of The President, Gonzaga University

Office of the President Publications

Each year, Gonzaga University's Office of the President produces an annual Report of the President. This publication that highlights just a few of the many accomplishments over the previous academic year, and is intended to convey gratitude to our Trustees and Regents, benefactors, and many supporters.


The Burden Of Unintentional Drowning: Global, Regional And National Estimates Of Mortality From The Global Burden Of Disease 2017 Study, Richard Charles Franklin, Amy E. Peden, Erin B. Hamilton, Catherine Bisignano Jan 2020

The Burden Of Unintentional Drowning: Global, Regional And National Estimates Of Mortality From The Global Burden Of Disease 2017 Study, Richard Charles Franklin, Amy E. Peden, Erin B. Hamilton, Catherine Bisignano

Open Access archive

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of injury-related mortality globally. Unintentional drowning (International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 codes W65-74 and ICD9 E910) is one of the 30 mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive causes of injury-related mortality in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study. This study's objective is to describe unintentional drowning using GBD estimates from 1990 to 2017. Methods: Unintentional drowning from GBD 2017 was estimated for cause-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs), age, sex, country, region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and trends from 1990 to 2017. GBD 2017 used standard GBD methods for estimating mortality …


The Tera Multi Terrain Mobility Aid Chassis, Colton Kemp, Daniel Nicoll, Ibrahim Suleiman, Mohammad Alyami Jan 2020

The Tera Multi Terrain Mobility Aid Chassis, Colton Kemp, Daniel Nicoll, Ibrahim Suleiman, Mohammad Alyami

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The natural environment poses a significant number of obstacles and dynamic settings that makes mobility difficult for those with physical and mobility impairments. To approach this problem, a suspension was designed using inspiration from the early Mars rovers developed by NASA for traversing the varied Martian landscape. The course of the project followed the direction of a start-up through problem identification, early design generation and review, and final design production. The project outcome, through client request and proven market research, aimed to produce a multi-terrain wheelchair. The final product is a kinematic body with mobile front “legs” and a rotational …


Effects Of Nutrition, Hydration, Exertion, And Sleep On Injury And Illness In Female Collegiate Soccer Players, Ronald Corbit Franks Jr. Jan 2020

Effects Of Nutrition, Hydration, Exertion, And Sleep On Injury And Illness In Female Collegiate Soccer Players, Ronald Corbit Franks Jr.

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT Injury and illness rates in collegiate athletics continue to rise. Women’s soccer tends to have high numbers of injuries because it is a contact sport. Research has shown that there are several contributing factors to injury and illness rate in collegiate athletics. This study will provide an in depth look at female athletes, more specifically female collegiate soccer players and several factors – including dietary intake, hydration status, exertion and sleep that may attribute to injury and illness in this population. Researchers utilized weekly 3-day diet records, daily urine specific gravity, training load and self-reported sleep quantity to establish …


Community Health Majors, Public Health Jan 2020

Community Health Majors, Public Health

Program Revisions/Additions

No abstract provided.


Health Administration Program, Public Health Jan 2020

Health Administration Program, Public Health

Program Revisions/Additions

No abstract provided.


Mindfulness, Aortic Wave Reflection, And Arterial Stiffness, Sarah Lewallen Jan 2020

Mindfulness, Aortic Wave Reflection, And Arterial Stiffness, Sarah Lewallen

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Cardiovascular disease and hypertension are leading causes of death worldwide. The mitigation of high blood pressure is essential in decreasing the prevalence of cardiovascular-related deaths worldwide. Stress and anxiety are known to play a role in augmenting blood pressure in individuals of all ages. This increase in pressure can result in premature stiffening of large arteries in systemic circulation. Mindfulness is an ancient, non-secular practice which aids in stress reduction. Decentering, an aspect of mindfulness, involves accepting thoughts as transient rather than permanent associations. The purpose of this project was to examine the relationship between cardiovascular health and mindfulness practices. …


Lived Experiences: Exploring The Impact Of Trauma On Educator Experiences And Classroom Practices, Danelle Ann Klaman Jan 2020

Lived Experiences: Exploring The Impact Of Trauma On Educator Experiences And Classroom Practices, Danelle Ann Klaman

Education

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore teachers’ experiences working with children impacted by adverse childhood experiences. As a dissertation in practice, this qualitative study was intended to examine the lived experiences of educators in regard to how trauma presents itself in the classroom setting and to explore their perceptions on the greater impact of trauma towards curricular outcomes, the classroom environment, and implications with regard to their role as educators. Data were collected from 12 interviews with six female middle school educators, employed within a school district that serves a medium sized community and the surrounding rural …


From Synthesis To Utilization: The Ins And Outs Of Mitochondrial Heme, Samantha A. Swenson, Courtney M. Moore, Jason R. Marcero, Amy E. Medlock, Amit R. Reddi, Oleh Khalimonchuk Jan 2020

From Synthesis To Utilization: The Ins And Outs Of Mitochondrial Heme, Samantha A. Swenson, Courtney M. Moore, Jason R. Marcero, Amy E. Medlock, Amit R. Reddi, Oleh Khalimonchuk

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Heme is a ubiquitous and essential iron containing metallo-organic cofactor required for virtually all aerobic life. Heme synthesis is initiated and completed in mitochondria, followed by certain covalent modifications and/or its delivery to apo-hemoproteins residing throughout the cell. While the biochemical aspects of heme biosynthetic reactions are well understood, the trafficking of newly synthesized heme—a highly reactive and inherently toxic compound—and its subsequent delivery to target proteins remain far from clear. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about heme biosynthesis and trafficking within and outside of the mitochondria.


Structural And Functional Characterization Of Cazyme And Cazyme-Related Proteins From: Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron And Porphyromonas Gingivalis: Two Abundant Colonizers Of The Human Microbiome, James Stevenson Jan 2020

Structural And Functional Characterization Of Cazyme And Cazyme-Related Proteins From: Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron And Porphyromonas Gingivalis: Two Abundant Colonizers Of The Human Microbiome, James Stevenson

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The human body consists of approximately 30 trillion cells, while non-human microbes that reside on and within the body outnumber human somatic cells by a factor of 1.3 – 2.3. The interplay between our cells and those of the colonizing microorganisms affect physiology in a multitude of ways, both beneficial and detrimental. Microbes found in the oral cavity, such as the Red Complex member Porphyromonas gingivalis, are associated with pathology, namely periodontal diseases including gum deterioration, tooth decay, and loss of underlying alveolar bone. At the other end of the gastrointestinal tract, microbes such as Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron are found …


Adapting To Extreme Heat: Social, Atmospheric, And Infrastructure Impacts Of Air Conditioning In Megacities - The Case Of New York City, Harold Gamarro Jan 2020

Adapting To Extreme Heat: Social, Atmospheric, And Infrastructure Impacts Of Air Conditioning In Megacities - The Case Of New York City, Harold Gamarro

Dissertations and Theses

Extreme heat events are becoming more frequent and intense in most large cities. Built-up surfaces also limit cooling mechanisms, leading to warmer conditions in cities, a phenomenon called the Urban Heat Island (UHI). This presents major challenges to reduce adverse health effects of hot weather, particularly in vulnerable populations like the elderly and low-income communities. Here we explore the overall impacts of increasing air conditioning (AC) system adoption in residences as an adaptive measure to reduce human health risks under heat waves, with New York City (NYC) as a case study. This study uses AC adoption data from the 2017 …


Mcnp Design Of Radiation Shielding For Pulsed Fusion Propulsion, David Jason Hewitt Jan 2020

Mcnp Design Of Radiation Shielding For Pulsed Fusion Propulsion, David Jason Hewitt

Theses

Pulsed fusion, fission and fission-fusion hybrid systems are currently being studied for advanced propulsion to enable rapid interplanetary space travel. A testbed for evaluating these technologies at the University of Alabama in Huntsville, called Charger-1, utilizes a form of Magneto-Inertial Fusion to implode small plasma loads with z-pinch that will produce thrust when coupled with a magnetic nozzle. Like all forms of nuclear propulsion, this experiment will also be able to produce significant amounts of ionizing radiation in the form of high energy neutrons and photons that need mitigation to protect personnel and equipment. The laboratory housing this testbed has …


Evolution Of Senescence In Humans - The Rift Between Lifespan And Healthspan, Mitch Beito Jan 2020

Evolution Of Senescence In Humans - The Rift Between Lifespan And Healthspan, Mitch Beito

Undergraduate Student Research Awards

No abstract provided.


Piezoresistive Disposable Weight Sensor With Increased Sensitivity, Kuter Erdi̇l, Tuğçe Ayraç, Ömer Gökalp Akcan, Yi̇ği̇t Dağhan Gökdel Jan 2020

Piezoresistive Disposable Weight Sensor With Increased Sensitivity, Kuter Erdi̇l, Tuğçe Ayraç, Ömer Gökalp Akcan, Yi̇ği̇t Dağhan Gökdel

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

This study presents the design, simulation, implementation, and experimental characterization of a paperbased perforated disposable weight sensor system with a double piezoresistive layer. The demonstrated system is designed to achieve highly sensitive weight sensing operations with low-cost materials. For that purpose, the main fabrication material of the proposed disposable sensor is selected as a 289 $\mu$m thick Strathmore 400 series Bristol paper. Approximately 48 $\mu$m thick piezoresistive graphite paste is coated onto both sides of the paper-based cantilever beam with the aim of acquiring more sensitive weight-sensing capability. Additionally, the proposed paper-based structure has rows of closely spaced perforations at …


Familial Caregivers’ Perceptions Of Alcohol Use Among Mature Adults Residing In Assisted Living Communities, Lemeshia Meshana Agee Chambers Jan 2020

Familial Caregivers’ Perceptions Of Alcohol Use Among Mature Adults Residing In Assisted Living Communities, Lemeshia Meshana Agee Chambers

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Research suggests that alcohol abuse is among the 8 primary causes of death for mature adults, which includes individuals age 65 and older. Alcohol use is a growing, unaddressed, public health concern among this referent population. Additionally, as mature adults enter the retirement phase of their lives, many of them transition to residing in assisted living communities. The purpose of this study was to explore mature adults’ alcohol use in assisted living communities and how such use, as perceived by the familial caregivers, affected the mature adults’ ability to age successfully. The population under study consisted of 8 familial caregivers, …


Intrinsic Motivations And Perceived Benefits Of U.S. Males For Taking Dimethyltryptamine, Timothy Raymond Kazmarek Jan 2020

Intrinsic Motivations And Perceived Benefits Of U.S. Males For Taking Dimethyltryptamine, Timothy Raymond Kazmarek

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is a psychedelic drug which has a rapidly increasing user rate, giving rise to concern amongst law enforcement and public health officials around the world. While previous researchers have primarily focused their examinations of motivations for DMT use internationally with diverse populations, this study was an investigation of DMT use in the United States among its most prevalent user demographic, adult men. The purpose of this study was to bridge the gap between knowledge of motivations for DMT use internationally and lack of knowledge domestically. The theoretical foundation for this study was comprised of the self-efficacy theory and …