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Role Of Interventional Pulmonology In Intensive Care Units: A Scoping Review, Abdul Rahman R Halawa, Saad Farooq, Mohammad Asim Amjad, Pushan P Jani, Sujith V Cherian Jun 2025

Role Of Interventional Pulmonology In Intensive Care Units: A Scoping Review, Abdul Rahman R Halawa, Saad Farooq, Mohammad Asim Amjad, Pushan P Jani, Sujith V Cherian

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Interventional pulmonology (IP) represents a rapidly growing and developing subspecialty within pulmonary medicine. To the intensivist, given the elaborate undertakings with respect to airway, lung and pleural disease management-IP has shown an increasing presence and remain a major ally in the care of these patients. Thus, an understanding of the different roles that IP could offer to the intensivist is of prime importance in the multi-disciplinary care of the complex patients within the intensive care units, particularly in relation to lung, airway and pleural diseases. This review article will explore the different intersections of IP in critical care and discuss …


Radiotherapy Promotes Cuproptosis And Synergizes With Cuproptosis Inducers To Overcome Tumor Radioresistance, Guang Lei, Mingchuang Sun, Jun Cheng, Rui Ye, Zhengze Lu, Amber Horbath, David Huo, Shengrong Wu, Anagha Alapati, Sadhna Aggarwal, Zhihao Xu, Chao Mao, Yuelong Yan, Jun Yao, Qidong Li, Xiong Chen, Hyemin Lee, Li Zhuang, Dadi Jiang, Apar Pataer, Jack A Roth, Nicholas Navin, Albert C Koong, Mingjian James You, Steven H Lin, Boyi Gan Jun 2025

Radiotherapy Promotes Cuproptosis And Synergizes With Cuproptosis Inducers To Overcome Tumor Radioresistance, Guang Lei, Mingchuang Sun, Jun Cheng, Rui Ye, Zhengze Lu, Amber Horbath, David Huo, Shengrong Wu, Anagha Alapati, Sadhna Aggarwal, Zhihao Xu, Chao Mao, Yuelong Yan, Jun Yao, Qidong Li, Xiong Chen, Hyemin Lee, Li Zhuang, Dadi Jiang, Apar Pataer, Jack A Roth, Nicholas Navin, Albert C Koong, Mingjian James You, Steven H Lin, Boyi Gan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cuproptosis is a recently identified form of copper-dependent cell death. Here, we reveal that radiotherapy (RT) induces cuproptosis in cancer cells, independent of apoptosis and ferroptosis, and depletes lipoylated proteins and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster proteins-both hallmarks of cuproptosis-in patient tumors. Mechanistically, RT elevates mitochondrial copper levels by upregulating copper transporter 1 (CTR1) and depleting mitochondrial glutathione, a copper chelator, thereby triggering cuproptosis. Integrated analyses of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from radioresistant esophageal cancer cells and single-cell RNA-seq from esophageal tumors of patients unresponsive to RT link radioresistance to the downregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1). This downregulation de-represses the …


Specialized Insectivores Drive Differences In Avian Community Composition Between Primary And Secondary Forest In Central Africa, Eleanor M. Barrie, Billi A. Krochuk, Crinan Jarrett, Diogo F. Ferreira, Patricia F. Rodrigues, Susana Lin Mufumu, Silvestre Esteban Malanza, Agustin Ebana Nsue Akele, Cayetano Ebana Ebana Alene, Kristin Brzeski, Jacob C. Cooper, Jared Wolfe, Luke L. Powell Jun 2025

Specialized Insectivores Drive Differences In Avian Community Composition Between Primary And Secondary Forest In Central Africa, Eleanor M. Barrie, Billi A. Krochuk, Crinan Jarrett, Diogo F. Ferreira, Patricia F. Rodrigues, Susana Lin Mufumu, Silvestre Esteban Malanza, Agustin Ebana Nsue Akele, Cayetano Ebana Ebana Alene, Kristin Brzeski, Jacob C. Cooper, Jared Wolfe, Luke L. Powell

Michigan Tech Publications

The human population of sub-Saharan Africa is projected to triple by 2100, drastically increasing anthropogenic pressure on biodiversity. When rainforest is disturbed by anthropogenic drivers, species respond heterogeneously; these patterns have rarely been quantified for Congo rainforest fauna. Our objective was to understand how community composition changed with human disturbance—with particular interest in the guilds and species that indicate primary rainforest. At a long-term bird banding site on mainland Equatorial Guinea, we captured over 3200 birds across 6 field seasons in selectively logged secondary forest and in largely undisturbed primary forest. Our multivariate ordination indicated a significant split between primary …


Radiotherapy Promotes Cuproptosis And Synergizes With Cuproptosis Inducers To Overcome Tumor Radioresistance, Guang Lei, Mingchuang Sun, Jun Cheng, Rui Ye, Zhengze Lu, Amber Horbath, David Huo, Shengrong Wu, Anagha Alapati, Sadhna Aggarwal, Zhihao Xu, Chao Mao, Yuelong Yan, Jun Yao, Qidong Li, Xiong Chen, Hyemin Lee, Li Zhuang, Dadi Jiang, Apar Pataer, Jack A Roth, Nicholas Navin, Albert C Koong, Mingjian James You, Steven H Lin, Boyi Gan Jun 2025

Radiotherapy Promotes Cuproptosis And Synergizes With Cuproptosis Inducers To Overcome Tumor Radioresistance, Guang Lei, Mingchuang Sun, Jun Cheng, Rui Ye, Zhengze Lu, Amber Horbath, David Huo, Shengrong Wu, Anagha Alapati, Sadhna Aggarwal, Zhihao Xu, Chao Mao, Yuelong Yan, Jun Yao, Qidong Li, Xiong Chen, Hyemin Lee, Li Zhuang, Dadi Jiang, Apar Pataer, Jack A Roth, Nicholas Navin, Albert C Koong, Mingjian James You, Steven H Lin, Boyi Gan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Cuproptosis is a recently identified form of copper-dependent cell death. Here, we reveal that radiotherapy (RT) induces cuproptosis in cancer cells, independent of apoptosis and ferroptosis, and depletes lipoylated proteins and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster proteins-both hallmarks of cuproptosis-in patient tumors. Mechanistically, RT elevates mitochondrial copper levels by upregulating copper transporter 1 (CTR1) and depleting mitochondrial glutathione, a copper chelator, thereby triggering cuproptosis. Integrated analyses of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) from radioresistant esophageal cancer cells and single-cell RNA-seq from esophageal tumors of patients unresponsive to RT link radioresistance to the downregulation of BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1). This downregulation de-represses the …


Unsettling Home: Traces Of An Unrepaired Settler-Colonial Past In "Redding, California," 1846-1924, Celeste Hegy Jun 2025

Unsettling Home: Traces Of An Unrepaired Settler-Colonial Past In "Redding, California," 1846-1924, Celeste Hegy

University Honors Theses

This thesis critically reads primary documents from the settler-colonial past of "Redding, California," my hometown. In this paper, I sketch out a series of moments of historical trauma which continue to cry out for repair. Through a series of episodes from the mid-nineteenth through the early-twentieth centuries, I examine how original settler thirst for land wrought a contested hegemony in principally genocidal flows of power between the settler-state and its settler inhabitants and the pre-existing local Indigenous nations and peoples. In the first chapter, I argue for an understanding of the dispossession of the northern valley as genocidal. In the …


Draft Final 2025 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) Annual Update (Residential Parcels), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc. Jun 2025

Draft Final 2025 Residential Metals Abatement Program (Rmap) Quality Assurance Project Plan (Qapp) Annual Update (Residential Parcels), Pioneer Technical Services, Inc.

Silver Bow Creek/Butte Area Superfund Site

No abstract provided.


Cannabis Concentrate Vaping Chemistry, Kaelas R. Munger, Killian M. Anreise, Robert M. Strongin Jun 2025

Cannabis Concentrate Vaping Chemistry, Kaelas R. Munger, Killian M. Anreise, Robert M. Strongin

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:

This review article addresses the vaping chemistry of manufactured cannabis concentrates—a topic that remains under-researched despite the widespread availability and growing popularity of these products. Given their current prevalence and the fact that many of the findings discussed herein are from early-stage investigations, further research is essential to fully assess the public health risks associated with concentrate use. The purpose of this article is to help begin to bridge this knowledge gap by outlining the technical challenges of studying cannabis concentrates and to present evidence-based data concerning toxicant exposures as a foundation for future investigations.

Methods:

A search of …


Brain Tau Pet-Based Identification And Characterization Of Subpopulations In Patients With Alzheimer's Disease Using Deep Learning-Derived Saliency Maps, Yanxiao Li, Xiuying Wang, Qi Ge, Manuel B Graeber, Shaozhen Yan, Jian Li, Shuyu Li, Wenjian Gu, Shuo Hu, Tammie L S Benzinger, Jie Lu, Yun Zhou Jun 2025

Brain Tau Pet-Based Identification And Characterization Of Subpopulations In Patients With Alzheimer's Disease Using Deep Learning-Derived Saliency Maps, Yanxiao Li, Xiuying Wang, Qi Ge, Manuel B Graeber, Shaozhen Yan, Jian Li, Shuyu Li, Wenjian Gu, Shuo Hu, Tammie L S Benzinger, Jie Lu, Yun Zhou

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder in which tau neurofibrillary tangles are a pathological hallmark closely associated with cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In this study, we used brain tau data to investigate AD heterogeneity by identifying and characterizing the subpopulations among patients. We included 615 cognitively normal and 159 AD brain

RESULTS: Two distinct subpopulations of AD patients were revealed, denoted as S

CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that tau tangles, as shown by SUVR, continue to accumulate even when cognitive function plateaus in AD patients, highlighting the advantages of PET in later disease stages. The differing relationships …


Current Cutting-Edge Omics Techniques On Musculoskeletal Tissues And Diseases, Xiaofei Li, Liang Fang, Sade W Clayton, Dakota R Kamm, Cuicui Wang, Farshid Guilak, Simon Y Tang, Gretchen A Meyer, Jie Shen, Et Al. Jun 2025

Current Cutting-Edge Omics Techniques On Musculoskeletal Tissues And Diseases, Xiaofei Li, Liang Fang, Sade W Clayton, Dakota R Kamm, Cuicui Wang, Farshid Guilak, Simon Y Tang, Gretchen A Meyer, Jie Shen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Musculoskeletal disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, bone fracture, intervertebral disc degeneration, tendinopathy, and myopathy, are prevalent conditions that profoundly impact quality of life and place substantial economic burdens on healthcare systems. Traditional bulk transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have played a pivotal role in uncovering disease-associated alterations at the population level. However, these approaches are inherently limited in their ability to resolve cellular heterogeneity or to capture the spatial organization of cells within tissues, thus hindering a comprehensive understanding of the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases. To address these limitations, advanced single-cell and spatial omics techniques …


Transformative Integration: Navigating Opportunities And Challenges In A Medical School's Evolution Into Integrated Service Units, Chelsea Chang, Everardo Cobos, Michael Sander, Beatriz Tapia, Michael Hocker Jun 2025

Transformative Integration: Navigating Opportunities And Challenges In A Medical School's Evolution Into Integrated Service Units, Chelsea Chang, Everardo Cobos, Michael Sander, Beatriz Tapia, Michael Hocker

School of Medicine Publications

Medical schools must evolve with the changing healthcare landscape and financial pressures. Academic Health Centers have responded to these changes with a novel organizational model known as an integrated service line. Traditional medical school departments often create silos, lack of alignment, and financial burdens. To our knowledge, we were the first medical school to implement an integrated structure combining the tripartite missions of academics, research, and clinical services.

The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine accepted its charter class of 55 medical students in 2016 with a traditional medical school department model. By 2023, it had 154 …


A Forward Genetic Screen Identifies Potassium Channel Essentiality In Shh Medulloblastoma Maintenance, Jerry J Fan, Anders W Erickson, Julia Carrillo-Garcia, Xin Wang, Patryk Skowron, Xian Wang, Xin Chen, Guanqiao Shan, Wenkun Dou, Shahrzad Bahrampour, Yi Xiong, Weifan Dong, Namal Abeysundara, Michelle A Francisco, Ronwell J Pusong, Wei Wang, Miranda Li, Elliot Ying, Raúl A Suárez, Hamza Farooq, Borja L Holgado, Xiaochong Wu, Craig Daniels, Adam J Dupuy, Juan Cadiñanos, Allan Bradley, Anindya Bagchi, Branden S Moriarity, David A Largaespada, A Sorana Morrissy, Vijay Ramaswamy, Stephen C Mack, Livia Garzia, Peter B Dirks, Xuejun Li, Siyi Wanggou, Sean Egan, Yu Sun, Michael D Taylor, Xi Huang Jun 2025

A Forward Genetic Screen Identifies Potassium Channel Essentiality In Shh Medulloblastoma Maintenance, Jerry J Fan, Anders W Erickson, Julia Carrillo-Garcia, Xin Wang, Patryk Skowron, Xian Wang, Xin Chen, Guanqiao Shan, Wenkun Dou, Shahrzad Bahrampour, Yi Xiong, Weifan Dong, Namal Abeysundara, Michelle A Francisco, Ronwell J Pusong, Wei Wang, Miranda Li, Elliot Ying, Raúl A Suárez, Hamza Farooq, Borja L Holgado, Xiaochong Wu, Craig Daniels, Adam J Dupuy, Juan Cadiñanos, Allan Bradley, Anindya Bagchi, Branden S Moriarity, David A Largaespada, A Sorana Morrissy, Vijay Ramaswamy, Stephen C Mack, Livia Garzia, Peter B Dirks, Xuejun Li, Siyi Wanggou, Sean Egan, Yu Sun, Michael D Taylor, Xi Huang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Distinguishing tumor maintenance genes from initiation, progression, and passenger genes is critical for developing effective therapies. We employed a functional genomic approach using the Lazy Piggy transposon to identify tumor maintenance genes in vivo, and applied this to SHH medulloblastoma (MB). Combining Lazy Piggy screening in mice and transcriptomic profiling of human MB, we identified the voltage-gated potassium channel KCNB2 as a candidate maintenance driver. KCNB2 governs cell volume of MB-propagating cells, with KCNB2 depletion causing osmotic swelling, decreased plasma membrane tension, and elevated endocytic internalization of EGFR, thereby mitigating proliferation of MB-propagating cells to ultimately impair MB growth. …


Effect Of Olympic Weightlifting Training On Power Output And Landing Forces In Adolescent Female Athletes: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Emily Neff Jun 2025

Effect Of Olympic Weightlifting Training On Power Output And Landing Forces In Adolescent Female Athletes: A Quasi-Experimental Study, Emily Neff

Doctorate in Kinesiology

To examine whether a periodized, eight-week strength and conditioning (S&C) program incorporating Olympic Weightlifting (OWL) improves vertical jump height and reduces peak landing forces in adolescent female athletes. Despite the proven benefits of neuromuscular training (NMT), (Nessler et al., 2017; Mattu et al., 2022), access to high-skill S&C remains limited for this population (Sommi et al., 2018; Parsons et al., 2021). Twenty-four adolescent female athletes were divided into a training group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 9). The training group completed two one-hour sessions weekly for eight weeks. Pre- and post- intervention testing assessed vertical jump …


Spatial And Multiomics Analysis Of Human And Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma Precursors Reveals Tim-3 As A Putative Target For Precancer Interception, Bo Zhu, Pingjun Chen, Muhammad Aminu, Jian-Rong Li, Junya Fujimoto, Yanhua Tian, Lingzhi Hong, Hong Chen, Xin Hu, Chenyang Li, Natalie Vokes, Andre L Moreira, Don L Gibbons, Luisa M Solis Soto, Edwin Roger Parra Cuentas, Ou Shi, Songhui Diao, Jie Ye, Frank R Rojas, Eduardo Vilar, Anirban Maitra, Ken Chen, Nicolas Navin, Monique Nilsson, Beibei Huang, Simon Heeke, Jianhua Zhang, Cara L Haymaker, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Daniel H Sterman, Veena Kochat, William I Padron, Ludmil B Alexandrov, Zhubo Wei, Xiuning Le, Linghua Wang, Junya Fukuoka, J Jack Lee, Ignacio I Wistuba, Harvey I Pass, Mark Davis, Samir Hanash, Chao Cheng, Steven Dubinett, Avrum Spira, Kunal Rai, Scott M Lippman, P Andrew Futreal, John V Heymach, Alexandre Reuben, Jia Wu, Jianjun Zhang Jun 2025

Spatial And Multiomics Analysis Of Human And Mouse Lung Adenocarcinoma Precursors Reveals Tim-3 As A Putative Target For Precancer Interception, Bo Zhu, Pingjun Chen, Muhammad Aminu, Jian-Rong Li, Junya Fujimoto, Yanhua Tian, Lingzhi Hong, Hong Chen, Xin Hu, Chenyang Li, Natalie Vokes, Andre L Moreira, Don L Gibbons, Luisa M Solis Soto, Edwin Roger Parra Cuentas, Ou Shi, Songhui Diao, Jie Ye, Frank R Rojas, Eduardo Vilar, Anirban Maitra, Ken Chen, Nicolas Navin, Monique Nilsson, Beibei Huang, Simon Heeke, Jianhua Zhang, Cara L Haymaker, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Daniel H Sterman, Veena Kochat, William I Padron, Ludmil B Alexandrov, Zhubo Wei, Xiuning Le, Linghua Wang, Junya Fukuoka, J Jack Lee, Ignacio I Wistuba, Harvey I Pass, Mark Davis, Samir Hanash, Chao Cheng, Steven Dubinett, Avrum Spira, Kunal Rai, Scott M Lippman, P Andrew Futreal, John V Heymach, Alexandre Reuben, Jia Wu, Jianjun Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

How tumor microenvironment shapes lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) precancer evolution remains poorly understood. Spatial immune profiling of 114 human LUAD and LUAD precursors reveals a progressive increase of adaptive response and a relative decrease of innate immune response as LUAD precursors progress. The immune evasion features align the immune response patterns at various stages. TIM-3-high features are enriched in LUAD precancers, which decrease in later stages. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and spatial immune and transcriptomics profiling of LUAD and LUAD precursor specimens from 5 mouse models validate high TIM-3 features in LUAD precancers. In vivo TIM-3 blockade at precancer stage, …


Regulation Of Myogenesis By Mechanomir-200c/Foxo3 Axis, Junaith S Mohamed, Aladin M Boriek Jun 2025

Regulation Of Myogenesis By Mechanomir-200c/Foxo3 Axis, Junaith S Mohamed, Aladin M Boriek

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cyclic mechanical stretch has been shown to inhibit myoblast differentiation while promoting proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we report that mechanical stretch inhibits the differentiation of mouse primary myoblasts by promoting the cell cycle program and by inhibiting the expression of the myogenic regulator MyoD. Stretch alters the miRNA expression profile as evidenced by miRNA microarray analysis. We identified miR-200c as one of the highly downregulated mechanosensitive miRNAs (mechanomiRs) whose expression level was increased during differentiation. This suggests that mechanomiRs-200c is a myogenic miRNA. Overexpression of mechanomiR-200c revoked the effect of stretch on myoblast …


Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia Illucens, Larvae Meal Improves Intestinal Health And Growth Performance Of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus, Juveniles, Sahya Maulu, Ben Eynon, Sherilyn Abarra, Mark Rawling, Daniel Merrifield Jun 2025

Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia Illucens, Larvae Meal Improves Intestinal Health And Growth Performance Of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis Niloticus, Juveniles, Sahya Maulu, Ben Eynon, Sherilyn Abarra, Mark Rawling, Daniel Merrifield

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

This study investigated the effects of dietary black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, Hermetia illucens, meal on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal health, and immune response in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, juveniles. The fish (initial weight: 7.28 ± 0.09 g) were reared in a recirculatory aquaculture system (RAS) and fed diets containing different levels of defatted BSF larvae meal: 0% (control diet), 20% (BSF20), and 40% (BSF40). At the end of the feeding trial, the final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (p < 0.05) improved with increasing BSF meal inclusion levels in the diet. Histological analysis of the intestine revealed that mucosal fold length (MFL), muscularis thickness (MT), and goblet cell density (GCD) were significantly elevated by the BSF meal compared with the control. In addition, intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and the enterocyte microvilli length were significantly elevated in BSF40-fed fish compared with the control. Gene expression analysis showed that intestinal chitin digestion-related (endochitinase A) and amino acid transporter (Slc6a18) genes were not significantly affected by the BSF meal. However, the expression of peptide transporter Slc15a1a was upregulated in the fish fed BSF40 compared to the control. Moreover, posterior intestine and head kidney cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10) gene expression levels were not significantly affected by the inclusion of the BSF meal. Therefore, these results suggest that the BSF meal up to a 40% inclusion level can be used as an alternative protein source in the diets of Nile tilapia juveniles to promote growth and intestinal health.


Designing For Dissemination Through Community Advisory Board Engagement In An Implementation Mapping Process: A Case Study, Gabriella M Mcloughlin, Yerusalem Yohannes, Molly Kerstetter, Omar Martinez, Alex Dopp, Jennifer O Fisher, Maura Kepper, Rachel G Tabak, Ross C Brownson Jun 2025

Designing For Dissemination Through Community Advisory Board Engagement In An Implementation Mapping Process: A Case Study, Gabriella M Mcloughlin, Yerusalem Yohannes, Molly Kerstetter, Omar Martinez, Alex Dopp, Jennifer O Fisher, Maura Kepper, Rachel G Tabak, Ross C Brownson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to document the development of a Community Advisory Board (CAB) to enhance equitable dissemination of research findings within an implementation mapping study to enhance equitable impact of Universal School Meals (USM) through the Designing for Dissemination and Sustainability (D4DS) process.

METHODS: The D4DS process comprises 7 key elements to facilitate meaningful dissemination. To accomplish Step 1: Identify Partners, the research team conducted snowball recruitment methods within the local Philadelphia community and with existing connections. To Empathize and Outline the Problem (Step 2) and Understand the Context (Step 3), an interest meeting was held …


Longitudinal Plasma Amino Acids During Pregnancy And Neonatal Anthropometry: Findings From The Nichd Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort, Claire Guivarch, Jing Wu, Ruijin Lu, Jagteshwar Grewal, Guoqi Yu, Ling-Jun Li, Jiaxi Yang, Wei Wei Pang, Dong D Wang, Natalie L Weir, Zhen Chen, Michael Y Tsai, Cuilin Zhang Jun 2025

Longitudinal Plasma Amino Acids During Pregnancy And Neonatal Anthropometry: Findings From The Nichd Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort, Claire Guivarch, Jing Wu, Ruijin Lu, Jagteshwar Grewal, Guoqi Yu, Ling-Jun Li, Jiaxi Yang, Wei Wei Pang, Dong D Wang, Natalie L Weir, Zhen Chen, Michael Y Tsai, Cuilin Zhang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Amino acids (AAs) during pregnancy are crucial for fetal growth. Prior studies measured AA concentrations at single time points in pregnancy, despite their fluctuations throughout pregnancy. We measured plasma AA profiles in blood samples longitudinally collected from early through late pregnancy and evaluated their associations with neonatal anthropometry.

METHODS: Concentrations of plasma aromatic AAs, branched-chain AAs, and AAs involved in one-carbon metabolism were assessed at 10-14, 15-26, 23-31, and 33-39 gestational weeks (GW) among 321 women from a case-control study from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Fetal Growth Studies-Singleton Cohort. Associations …


Lrrc8 Channel Complexes Counterbalance Katp Channels To Mediate Swell-Secretion Coupling In Mouse Pancreatic Β Cells, Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Chen Kang, Litao Xie, John D. Tranter, Sumit Patel, Rahul Chadda, Maria S. Remedi, Rajan Sah Jun 2025

Lrrc8 Channel Complexes Counterbalance Katp Channels To Mediate Swell-Secretion Coupling In Mouse Pancreatic Β Cells, Tarek Mohamed Abd El-Aziz, Chen Kang, Litao Xie, John D. Tranter, Sumit Patel, Rahul Chadda, Maria S. Remedi, Rajan Sah

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is initiated by membrane potential depolarization, followed by activation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels to trigger Ca2+-mediated insulin vesicle fusion with the β cell plasma membrane. Here, we show that β cell swelling associated with glucose metabolism was sensed by LRRC8 channel complexes and contributed to insulin secretion. Hypertonic perfusate (360-380 mOsm) dose dependently impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by counteracting β cell swelling. Hypotonic perfusate alone, independent of glucose stimulation or KATP channel closure, was sufficient to increase β cell intracellular Ca2+ and trigger insulin secretion. Inhibition of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter-1 with bumetanide, which diminished the …


Assessing The Efficacy Of Eutectic Mixture Of Local Anesthesia Cream And Vapocoolant Spray In Mitigating The Pain Associated With Ear-Tagging In Pre-Weaned Calves, Yu-Jhe Lo, Thomas Chia-Tang Ho, Jacky Peng-Wen Chan Jun 2025

Assessing The Efficacy Of Eutectic Mixture Of Local Anesthesia Cream And Vapocoolant Spray In Mitigating The Pain Associated With Ear-Tagging In Pre-Weaned Calves, Yu-Jhe Lo, Thomas Chia-Tang Ho, Jacky Peng-Wen Chan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study evaluated the efficacy of a eutectic mixture of local anesthetics (EMLA) cream and vapocoolant spray (VS) in preventing pain in calves following ear-tagging. Thirty-four calves were randomly assigned to three groups: no anesthesia control (CON, n=11), EMLA applied 60 minutes prior (EMLA, n=11), and five-second VS application immediately prior (VS, n=12). Pain pressure threshold (PPT) was measured at 18±1 days of age, with the left ear of the CON group serving as the sham group (Sham, n=11), followed by ear-tagging at 21±1 days. Post-tagging assessments included pain-related behaviors, serum cortisol levels, heart rate, and wound scores. The PPT …


Scalable Targeting Of Social Protection: When Do Algorithms Out-Perform Surveys And Community Knowledge?, Emily Aiken, Anik Ashraf, Joshua E. Blumenstock, Raymond P. Guiteras, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak Jun 2025

Scalable Targeting Of Social Protection: When Do Algorithms Out-Perform Surveys And Community Knowledge?, Emily Aiken, Anik Ashraf, Joshua E. Blumenstock, Raymond P. Guiteras, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak

Discussion Papers

Innovations in big data and algorithms are enabling new approaches to target interventions at scale. We compare the accuracy of three different systems for identifying the poor to receive benefit transfers — proxy means-testing, nominations from community members, and an algorithmic approach using machine learning to predict poverty using mobile phone usage behavior — and study how their cost-effectiveness varies with the scale and scope of the program. We collect mobile phone records from all major telecom operators in Bangladesh and conduct community-based wealth rankings and detailed consumption surveys of 5,000 households, to select the 22,000 poorest households for $300 …


Netgen: Network Traffic Generator, Arya Pefourque, Cole Fettkether, Johnathon Maschler Jun 2025

Netgen: Network Traffic Generator, Arya Pefourque, Cole Fettkether, Johnathon Maschler

Computer Science and Engineering Senior Theses

This project will investigate the development of a transformer-based machine learning model (NetGen), with the purpose of generating realistic and usable synthetic network traffic from natural language inputs. Network research and testing in the cybersecurity field depend on publicly available packet data (PCAP). Many of these datasets are either outdated or fail to represent more modern traffic patterns. We attempt to address this issue by preprocessing available network data into structured and tokenized sequences, suitable for training a transformer model. The transformer architecture allows us to translate user-provided descriptions—“simulate a TCP handshake from IP A to IP B”—into structurally accurate …


Medpez Dispenser, Hannah Hoeptner, Brian Lee, Liam Reese Jun 2025

Medpez Dispenser, Hannah Hoeptner, Brian Lee, Liam Reese

Computer Science and Engineering Senior Theses

MedPez is a compact, portable device designed to improve medication adherence for individuals who struggle with remembering to take their pills. The device features a modular design, including a universal housing that is paired to a compatible cartridge. The housing is the top half of the device where users insert and store their medication. The main hardware components, such as the microcontroller are housed here. The cartridge is the bottom half of the device that contains the internal mechanisms to dispense the user’s pills and stores the main pilltracking components. A built-in alert system notifies users when it’s time to …


Hybrid Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision Model For Guest Selection In Collaborative Tourism Platforms, Vladimir Vega Falcón, Yoarnelys Vasallo Villalonga, Lorenzo Cevallos-Torres Jun 2025

Hybrid Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision Model For Guest Selection In Collaborative Tourism Platforms, Vladimir Vega Falcón, Yoarnelys Vasallo Villalonga, Lorenzo Cevallos-Torres

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study presents a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model applied to the guest selection process in Airbnb-style vacation rentals. The model integrates the PAPRIKA method, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Neutrosophic TOPSIS to evaluate and rank potential guests based on multiple criteria prioritized by experienced property owners. Through the 1000minds software, pairwise comparisons were conducted to elicit preferences and derive normalized weights for six key criteria, with “review history” emerging as the most influential. These weights were then incorporated into classical and neutrosophic TOPSIS evaluations to account for uncertainty, indeterminacy, and subjectivity in guest profiles. Results highlight consistent rankings across …


Configurational Analysis Of Comprehensive Healthcare Quality: A Neutrosophic Set And Fsqca Approach, Jasson Humberto Ruiz Silva, Sandra Dayanara Correa Solis, Manuel Richard Naranjo Rodríguez, Fatima Lissett Zambrano Coello Jun 2025

Configurational Analysis Of Comprehensive Healthcare Quality: A Neutrosophic Set And Fsqca Approach, Jasson Humberto Ruiz Silva, Sandra Dayanara Correa Solis, Manuel Richard Naranjo Rodríguez, Fatima Lissett Zambrano Coello

Neutrosophic Sets and Systems

This study employs a nonlinear, neutrosophic approach to examine gaps in comprehensive healthcare by analyzing the interplay of Health Resource Availability (HRA), Professional Competence of Health Personnel (CPPS), and Accessibility and Response Time (ATR). Traditional statistical methods often fail to capture the uncertainty inherent in healthcare evaluations; this research addresses this by applying neutrosophic set theory to data from a survey of 15 professionals. fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) indicates that CPPS is a highly consistent (≈0.98) necessary condition for quality care, with HRA also being a strong necessary condition (≈0.89). As sufficient pathways, HRA individually (consistency ≈0.98, coverage …


Effects Of Consuming Short-Form Videos On Young Adults’ Fine Motor Skills, Dragon Tanaghon Chew, Jerome Gabriel Gay, Hien Than, Zhi Qin Ko Jun 2025

Effects Of Consuming Short-Form Videos On Young Adults’ Fine Motor Skills, Dragon Tanaghon Chew, Jerome Gabriel Gay, Hien Than, Zhi Qin Ko

Introduction to Research Methods RSCH 202

The composition of short-form video (SFV) consumption can affect cognitive abilities, including motor skills. This study addresses a potential concern due to the lack of data. By presenting two experimental designs, the study explores the impact of SFV consumption on the motor skills of young adults. The first experiment employs a between-subjects design, where 60 participants are randomly assigned to two groups, with one group exposed to 30 minutes of SFV content. The second experiment adopts a cross-sectional design based on self-reported historical SFV consumption, where motor skill is compared between groups with low (< 3 hours/day) and high (≥3 hours/day) SFV consumption. Typing performance is used as an indicator of motor skill for the first experiment and finger tapping test is used in the second. The results will compare pre- and post-intervention performance. The findings would enhance practical understanding and illustrate the relationship between social media and motor skills.

Key words: Short-form video, motor …


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