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Contents Jul 2026

Contents

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.


Front Matter Jul 2026

Front Matter

Communal Societies

No abstract provided.


Through The Arena: A Marxist Strategic-Relational Perspective On East Asian Regional Trade Architecture, John H. Limaldi Jul 2026

Through The Arena: A Marxist Strategic-Relational Perspective On East Asian Regional Trade Architecture, John H. Limaldi

Journal of Critical Global Issues

This paper critically assesses the dominant regional trade architecture that impacts East Asia, focusing on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and its U.S.-bastardized version, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP). Using a strategic-relational approach grounded in Marxist theory, the paper examines how these agreements impact the relationship between the Capitalist State and Capital. It argues that international economic architecture in the neoliberal era produces state effects that weaken national sovereignty to the benefit of capital and the detriment of labor. The paper concludes with recommendations for a new regional trade architecture that prioritizes labor rights, democratic accountability, and …


Assessing The Effect Of Lack Of Sleep On Driver's Performance: A Simulator Study, Ali Muneer, Ahmed Abduljabbar, Ali Al-Dahwi Jul 2026

Assessing The Effect Of Lack Of Sleep On Driver's Performance: A Simulator Study, Ali Muneer, Ahmed Abduljabbar, Ali Al-Dahwi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Science evidence suggests that fatigue due to lack of sleep is a major cause of most traffic accidents. Fatigue can arise when people do not get enough sleep, which is at least 7 hours, and this deprivation can impair body performance physically and mentally while driving. This study investigated the effect of sleep deprivation fatigue on driving performance. Experiments were performed for two types of tasks, Fatigue driving tasks (sleep deprivation) and non-Fatigue driving tasks (without sleep deprivation) on a driving simulator at the University of Technology, in which 42 participants; aged (19-55) took part with an average age (mean …


Assessment Of Electricity Sector Using Geomatics Techniques: (Ramadi City As A Case Study), Hisham Al-Sharaa Jul 2026

Assessment Of Electricity Sector Using Geomatics Techniques: (Ramadi City As A Case Study), Hisham Al-Sharaa

Engineering and Technology Journal

Geomatics involves the collection, management, integration, representation, analysis, modeling and display of geographically referenced information describing both the Earth’s physical features and the built environment. One of the main use of this tool is to estimate electrical energy demand throughout Al Anbar Governorate, which have major problems in this sector with about 750 to 770 MW. The consumption of the city of Al Ramadi is about 200 MW. According to official forecasts by the Directorate of Electricity Networks of Al Anbar, this demand is expected to increase to about 900 MW during the summer of 2020. The present distribution systems …


A Review About Preparation And Properties Of Biochar And Application Fields In The Environment, Marwa Al Rawi, Ghayda Al Kindi, Jwad Al Refaae Jul 2026

A Review About Preparation And Properties Of Biochar And Application Fields In The Environment, Marwa Al Rawi, Ghayda Al Kindi, Jwad Al Refaae

Engineering and Technology Journal

Biomass’ pyrolysis process is responsible for producing the biochar charcoal, this process does not incorporate the oxygen, and it is utilized as a soil enhancer for each one of the carbon sequestration, and soil health prospects. Biochar can be defined as a stabilized solid which is enriched with carbon and could remain in the soil for extended period of time. Biochar has been studied as a way of carbon sequestration, and it might be a way used for handling climate change and global warming. It happens due to the processes that are associated with pyrogenic carbon capturing and storages. This …


Effect Of Steel Fiber Content On Properties Of Fresh Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete, Zaid Mohammed, Tareq Al-Attar, Basil Al-Shathr Jul 2026

Effect Of Steel Fiber Content On Properties Of Fresh Self-Compacting Geopolymer Concrete, Zaid Mohammed, Tareq Al-Attar, Basil Al-Shathr

Engineering and Technology Journal

Self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGPC) is a cutting-edge sustainable engineering material in construction that eliminates the need for both compaction and Portland cement. In this study, the impact of various steel fiber content on the workability of SCGPC was investigated. The basic workability features of freshly made SCGPC, such as filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance, were assessed by employing slump flow, V-funnel, L-box, and J-ring test techniques. Obtained results showed that all the investigated characteristics of SCGPC have retreated due to the inclusion of steel fibers. Findings presented in this research confirmed that the basic requirements of EFNARC could …


The Effect Of Mobile Phone Use While Driving On Response Time: Driving Simulator Study, Hussein Mutar, Ahmed Abduljabbar, Ammar Mohammed Jul 2026

The Effect Of Mobile Phone Use While Driving On Response Time: Driving Simulator Study, Hussein Mutar, Ahmed Abduljabbar, Ammar Mohammed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Mobile phone use is one of the most common daily tasks and this is normal, however, this task could be problematic while driving. The use of mobile phones while driving has become a major cause of road accidents and poses a threat to public health. This study investigated the effect of mobile phone usage while driving on response time, as it investigated four mobile phone tasks (hands-free calling, hand calls, reading text messages, and sending text messages) in addition to basic driving. A total of 42 participants, ranging in age from (19 to 55), with a mean age (mean = …


Effect Of Adding Additional Carbon Fiber On Piezoresistive Properties Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pavements Under Impact Load, Ayad Mohammed, Ali Al-Dahawi, Qais S. Banyhussan Banyhussan Jul 2026

Effect Of Adding Additional Carbon Fiber On Piezoresistive Properties Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Pavements Under Impact Load, Ayad Mohammed, Ali Al-Dahawi, Qais S. Banyhussan Banyhussan

Engineering and Technology Journal

Multifunctional Cementitious Composite (MCC) characteristics are directly related to the type and dosage of the Electrically Conductive Materials (ECMs) reinforcing the relevant concrete matrices. This study investigated the electro-mechanical capacities of fiber reinforced concrete pavement (FRCP) with and without the addition of micro scale-carbon fiber (CF). The impact energy of FRCP under compacted load was evaluated initially; then, the effects of 0.5% and 1% content by volume of CF on the piezoresistivity capacities of FRCP were investigated under applied impact load. This type of load is the most common force causing long-term rigid pavement deterioration. Obtained results showed that the …


Effect Of Different Fiber Reinforcements On Some Properties Of Prosthetic Socket, Noor Faheed, Jawad Oleiwi, Qahtan Hamad Jul 2026

Effect Of Different Fiber Reinforcements On Some Properties Of Prosthetic Socket, Noor Faheed, Jawad Oleiwi, Qahtan Hamad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the perspective of environmental advance, significant attentiveness is being displayed in the usage of natural fibers like reinforcement in polymer composites. This paper focuses on building a prosthetic socket arranged from natural fiber-reinforced composite as an effort to substitute material currently accessible in the manufacturing of the socket. The vacuum bagging procedure was adopted to yield a below-knee socket. The laminates encompass woven flax, sisal, cotton, carbon, person, and glass fabric. The impact of diverse fiber layering sequences on some of the physical and mechanical characteristics was assessed. Laminated specimens were characterized by tests such as (hardness, surface roughness, …


Detection Of Covid-19 Based On Chest Medical Imaging And Artificial Intelligence Techniques, Nawres Alwash, Hussain Kareem Jul 2026

Detection Of Covid-19 Based On Chest Medical Imaging And Artificial Intelligence Techniques, Nawres Alwash, Hussain Kareem

Engineering and Technology Journal

The emergence of COVID-19 disease in the world has moved the wheel of scientific research in order to detect it in the best method, and the fastest of these methods is the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to help medical professionals detect COVID-19. The proposed topic is aim to develop algorithm based on combination between imageprocessing techniques with artificial intelligence to diagnose COVID-19. The proposed algorithm consists of five stages to detect and classify COVID-19 from Computer Tomography (CT) images. These stages include; The first of these stages is to collect data from hospitals as real data and from …


Design And Implementation Of The Temperature Sensor For Health Care Monitoring Based On Optical Fiber Technology, Dawood Ahmed, Alaa Ali, Shehab Kadhim, Sawsan Fandi Jul 2026

Design And Implementation Of The Temperature Sensor For Health Care Monitoring Based On Optical Fiber Technology, Dawood Ahmed, Alaa Ali, Shehab Kadhim, Sawsan Fandi

Engineering and Technology Journal

Human health is represented due to the measurement of vital signs. The basic vital signs are temperature, heart pulse rate, oxygen percentage in blood, blood pressure, etc. These signs are changes according to the physical and mental status of the individual. So measuring and monitoring those signs are very important. In this work, design and implementation of human Temperature Sensor are submitted. This is achieved using optical fiber technology. Two sensor diameters were tested; 125 µm and 60µm. The obtained results show a shifting in wavelength towards the red region due to temperature application. The submitted sensor has good sensitivity …


Visual Performance Of Refractive Intraocular Lenses Within The Human Eye, Israa Ahmed, Ali Al-Hamdani Jul 2026

Visual Performance Of Refractive Intraocular Lenses Within The Human Eye, Israa Ahmed, Ali Al-Hamdani

Engineering and Technology Journal

The most effective treatment for cataracts is to remove the cloudy crystalline natural lens and implant an intraocular lens (IOL) in its place. These refractive (IOL) provide the same focusing as do the natural lens. Two refractive IOLs are designed and analyzed in this paper—these IOL are made of (PMMA, and Acrylic). The quality of the retinal image is analyzed and compared with the healthy eye, which is based on the (Liou-Brennan) eye model) LBEM). Polychromatic Point Spread Function (PSF), Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), spot diagram, Encircled Energy (EE), and monochromatic aberration are used as acceptable criteria within the Zemax …


A Visual Enhancement Quality Of Digital Medical Image Based On Bat Optimization, Kholood Hussin, Ali Nahar, Hussain Khleaf Jul 2026

A Visual Enhancement Quality Of Digital Medical Image Based On Bat Optimization, Kholood Hussin, Ali Nahar, Hussain Khleaf

Engineering and Technology Journal

Improve medical image visualization is a critical preliminary step before further imagery processing like analyzing texture, extracting features, and segmentation. Imagery noises in medical images are frequently occurred as a consequence of different artificial processes such as acquisition, sending and receiving, and storing & retrieving processes. As a result, the quality of image visualization is degraded. Therefore, a de-noise process is important in order to maintain good image quality for medical purposes. In this paper, medical image enhancement aims to de-noise as much as possible while maintaining detailed features and edges. This work employed an optimization algorithm called "Bat" to …


Image Processing Technique For Zinc Ion Sensing Using A Crystalline Fiber Sensor, Omar Hassan, Razi Al-Azawi, Bushra Mahdi Jul 2026

Image Processing Technique For Zinc Ion Sensing Using A Crystalline Fiber Sensor, Omar Hassan, Razi Al-Azawi, Bushra Mahdi

Engineering and Technology Journal

In this paper, crystalline optical fibers were used as a sensor for sensing the zinc ion concentration using the image processing technique. The image of the laser spot transmitted through the optical fiber crystal sensor for each concentration of zinc ion solution. The sensor was made by welding a piece of LMA-10 crystal optical fiber from both ends of a single-mode optical fiber to obtain an SM-PCF-SM type sensor. And it is possible to distinguish between one concentration and another by studying the change of the images obtained as a result of changing the concentration of the zinc ion. The …


A Study Of Patient’S Pain Assessment Based On Facial Expression: Issues And Challenges, Elaf Saddam, Saad Mutashar, Wissam Ali Jul 2026

A Study Of Patient’S Pain Assessment Based On Facial Expression: Issues And Challenges, Elaf Saddam, Saad Mutashar, Wissam Ali

Engineering and Technology Journal

Pain is considered as an emotional experience and a restless feeling associated with tissue damage. When the interpretation begins in the brain, the sensation of pain occurs; a signal transmitted to the brain through the nerve fiber. Pain helps the body to stop further damage to the tissues. Since there are numerous ways to convey and feel pain, the perception of pain is special to all. Technology that promotes pain assessment is an urgent need to reduce restless feelings and suffering. This paper aims to demonstrate the issues and challenges facing the patient’s pain assessment based on facial expression. The …


Electricity Generation From Hydro, Wind, Solar And The Environment, Olumide Towoju, Oluwatoyin Oladele Jul 2026

Electricity Generation From Hydro, Wind, Solar And The Environment, Olumide Towoju, Oluwatoyin Oladele

Engineering and Technology Journal

Human actions such as electricity generation are contributory causes of climate change. In a quest to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases associated with electricity generation from fossil fuels, the world is turning to renewables. Renewable sources, however, also do have an impact on the environment. Likewise, renewable electricity generation is also dependent on the climate. Hydro, Wind, and Solar are the popular renewable energy sources for the generation of electricity. This work reviews the impact of these renewables in electricity generation on the environment. It also considers the effect of climate change on its use. The construction of renewable …


Chitosan Hydrogel For Removing Of Heavy Metal Ions From Water: A Review, Maysaa Ali, Shemaa Soud, Anaheed Hameed Jul 2026

Chitosan Hydrogel For Removing Of Heavy Metal Ions From Water: A Review, Maysaa Ali, Shemaa Soud, Anaheed Hameed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Industrial and agricultural discharges have been shown as important sources for a wide range of contaminants like heavy metals. This study focused on the assessment of the toxic effect of heavy metals and illustrates some methods of eliminating or avoiding these contaminants. In certain methods, heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Hg, and Cd) are recovered, and range of absorbents are tested. A number of studies have reported the complex interaction of polymers with metal ions with the polymers for eliminating heavy metals (e.g. cellulose, chitosan, and chitin. Metal ions are absorbed by these polymers by the amine and …


Programing And Procedure Design Of Stand-Alone Pv System For Clean Energy Home Supply In Baghdad, Sarah Al-Shammari, Abdulhassan Karamallah, Sattar Habeeb Jul 2026

Programing And Procedure Design Of Stand-Alone Pv System For Clean Energy Home Supply In Baghdad, Sarah Al-Shammari, Abdulhassan Karamallah, Sattar Habeeb

Engineering and Technology Journal

Global demand for energy production is in an increasing trend. However, a gap between energy production and energy demand still represents an industrial challenge. Iraq, like too many developing countries, is an example of such problematic. To tackle these issues, renewable energy could be a valid solution. Renewable energy becomes necessary especially the unique location of the received solar energy and long daylight. Many pieces of research deal with maximum benefit from this condition. This paper discusses the design stand-alone PV system for one home in Baghdad and sizing all components in that system start with energy demand, inverter power, …


A Survey In Implementation And Applications Of Electroencephalograph (Eeg)-Based Brain-Computer Interface, Samaa Abdulwahab, Hussain Khleaf, Manal Jasim Jul 2026

A Survey In Implementation And Applications Of Electroencephalograph (Eeg)-Based Brain-Computer Interface, Samaa Abdulwahab, Hussain Khleaf, Manal Jasim

Engineering and Technology Journal

A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is an external system that controls activities and processes in the physical world based on brain signals. In Passive BCI, artificial signals are automatically generated by a computer program without any input from nerves in the body. This is useful for individuals with mobility issues. Traditional BCI has been dependent only on recording brain signals with Electroencephalograph (EEG) and has used a rule-based translation algorithm to generate control commands. These systems have developed very accurate translation systems. This paper is about the different methods for adapting the signals from the brain. It has been mentioned that …


Quadratic Support Vector Machine And K-Nearest Neighbor Based Robust Sensor Fault Detection And Isolation, Ahmed Abed, Sabah Gitaffa, Abbas Issa Jul 2026

Quadratic Support Vector Machine And K-Nearest Neighbor Based Robust Sensor Fault Detection And Isolation, Ahmed Abed, Sabah Gitaffa, Abbas Issa

Engineering and Technology Journal

Fault detection plays a serious role in high-cost and safety-critical processes. There are two main drivers for continuous improvement in the area of early detection of process faults safety and reliability of technical plants. Detect fault in Geophone string sensors (SG-10) are very important in oil exploration to avoid loss economy. Methods are developed to enable earlier detection of process faults than the traditional limit and trend checking based on a single process variable and the development of these methods is a key matter. Classification methods will be used for pattern recognition and as such is appropriate for fault detection. …


Modeling And Control Of Wheeled Mobile Robot With Four Mecanum Wheels, Sameh Hasana, Hasan Alwan Jul 2026

Modeling And Control Of Wheeled Mobile Robot With Four Mecanum Wheels, Sameh Hasana, Hasan Alwan

Engineering and Technology Journal

This work presents a driving control for the trajectory tracking of four mecanum wheeled mobile robot (FMWMR). The control consists of Backstepping-Type 1 Fuzzy Logic-Particle swarm optimization i.e.,(BSC-T1FLC-PSO). The kinematic and dynamic models have been derived. Backstepping controller (BSC) is used for finding controlled torques that generated from robot motors while Type-1 fuzzy logic control (T1FLC) as well as particle swarm optimization (PSO) used for finding the appropriate values of gain parameters of BSC. Square trajectory has been selected to test the performance of the control system of FMWMR. MATLAB/ Simulink is used to simulate the results. It has been …


Effect Of Adding Tio2on Some Mechanical Properties Of Galloy, Osamah Khadhair, Rana Anaee, Kadhum Shabeeb Jul 2026

Effect Of Adding Tio2on Some Mechanical Properties Of Galloy, Osamah Khadhair, Rana Anaee, Kadhum Shabeeb

Engineering and Technology Journal

Because of importance the Ga alloys in dental applications, many attempts were  done  to  improve  the  properties  of  this  alloy. The  currentwork involves  addition  of  TiO2nanotube  powder  to  Galloy  to  improve  somemechanical  properties.  These  properties  included  hardness,  compression, and creep. The characterization of prepared TiO2/Galloys with five wt% of TiO2(1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) was done by XRD and SEM/EDS. The results showed  that  the  hardness,  compression, were  increased  with  increasing percentage  of  added  TiO2,  while  creep  decrease.Some phases  such as β-Sn,  Ag2Ga  and  Ag9In4were  contributed  to  improve  the  properties  of  new TiO2/Galloycomposites.


Hybrid Pso-Rbfnn And Proposed Algorithms Of Dddwt For The Heart Disease Classification, Ansam S. Jabbar Jul 2026

Hybrid Pso-Rbfnn And Proposed Algorithms Of Dddwt For The Heart Disease Classification, Ansam S. Jabbar

Engineering and Technology Journal

This paper introduced a Particle Swarm Optimization-Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (PSO-RBFNN)-based system for heart disease detection that used the PSO algorithm to optimize RBFNN parameters. The newly developed signal digital algorithm presents the results of a new image contrast enhancement approach using Double Density Discrete Wavelet transform DDDWT for extraction of features, using adaptive DDDWT for the elimination of noise, and the use of PSO and ANN methods to classify the output from the Electrocardiogram (EGGS). It also provides identification of all techniques and MATLAB codes used to improve the processes.This approach merged the global search power of the …


Assessment Of The Water Quality Index Of The Tigris River Between The University Of Baghdad And Diyala River, Ayat N. Abed, Gahyda Y. Al Kindi, Tariq A. Hussain Jul 2026

Assessment Of The Water Quality Index Of The Tigris River Between The University Of Baghdad And Diyala River, Ayat N. Abed, Gahyda Y. Al Kindi, Tariq A. Hussain

Engineering and Technology Journal

The Tigris River is considered as one of the two major rivers in Iraq. Many factories are located on both bank of the river such as the public company for soft drinks, Al-Dura oil refinery, chemical, plastic, and leather factories, Dura electricity station, and others. It is well known that most discharge effluents into the river do not match national standard specifications. In addition, the major aim of the presented work is to assess the Water Quality Index (WQI) for the Tigris River starting from The University of Baghdad to 0.5 km downflow the confluence of the Diyala River. The …


Chemical Precipitation Method For Sulphate Removal From Treated Wastewater Of Al-Doura Refinery, Aumar Alnakeeb, Rana Mohammed Rasheed Jul 2026

Chemical Precipitation Method For Sulphate Removal From Treated Wastewater Of Al-Doura Refinery, Aumar Alnakeeb, Rana Mohammed Rasheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Wastewater treatment by Wastewater Treatment Plant, named (INGECO) in Doura refinery suffers from the elevated level of sulphate ion concentrations compared to the recommended EPA [14] specified (250 mg/L). The annual rate, maximum and peak sulphate concentrations that found to be 360; 425 and 550 mg/L respectively. In this study samples prepared from industrial wastewater and the average, maximum and peak sulphate concentrations to be used in chemical precipitation process by using BaCl2 or Al(OH)3. Results obtained from BaCl2 treatment refer to the optimum (dosage, mixing time and mixing speed) to be used in sulphate removal for reuse purpose were …


Detection Of Confusion Behavior Using A Facial Expression Based On Different Classification Algorithms, Fatima I. Yasser, Bassam H. Abd, Saad M. Abbas Jul 2026

Detection Of Confusion Behavior Using A Facial Expression Based On Different Classification Algorithms, Fatima I. Yasser, Bassam H. Abd, Saad M. Abbas

Engineering and Technology Journal

Confusion detection systems (CDSs) that need Noninvasive, mobile, and cost-effective methods use facial expressions as a technique to detect confusion. In previous works, the technology that the system used represents a major gap between this proposed CDS and other systems. This CDS depends on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) that is used to extract facial features. The FACS shows the motion of the facial muscles represented by Action Units (AUs); the movement is represented with one facial muscle or more. Seven AUs are used as possible markers for detecting confusion that has been implemented in the form of a …


Analytical Study Of Affecting Gasoline Quality Properties On Environment And Its Conformity With Specifications, Dhuha K. Ismayyir, Lamyaa M. Dawood Jul 2026

Analytical Study Of Affecting Gasoline Quality Properties On Environment And Its Conformity With Specifications, Dhuha K. Ismayyir, Lamyaa M. Dawood

Engineering and Technology Journal

Gasoline is an important fuel in human life, but it is also responsible for deteriorating Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) through fugitive and exhaust emissions. In this study, chemical properties (Sulfur and Lead content) of gasoline production at Al-Daura refinery were verify based on a statistical quality control tool. Gasoline samples were examined in January/2011 and compared with samples examined in January/2019. In this study, it was concluded that the average production process and process variability for Sulfur content and added Lead value are stable. In January/2011 Sulfur content conforms to Iraqi and European standard specifications, but Lead value doesn’t conform …


The Effect Of Peanut And Walnut Shells Powders On Tensile And Microstructure Of The Pmma For Prosthetic Denture, Zainab M. Abdul Monem, Jawad K. Oleiwi, Qahtan A. Hamad Jul 2026

The Effect Of Peanut And Walnut Shells Powders On Tensile And Microstructure Of The Pmma For Prosthetic Denture, Zainab M. Abdul Monem, Jawad K. Oleiwi, Qahtan A. Hamad

Engineering and Technology Journal

In the current research, the heat-cured matrix material powder of PMMA was reinforced with Peanut and Walnut Shells (natural powders) which are chemically treated with 5% (w/v) (NaOH) to improve the matrix bonding (PMMA) before being used as a reinforcing powder and adding to exactly similar averages particle sizes ≤ (53μm), with different weight fractions of (4, 8, and 12 wt.%). The results indicated that the Elastic modulus values reached their maximum value at (8 wt.%.) when reinforced with Peanut Shells powders (1.053Gpa), while, the values of tensile strength, elongation percentage at the break, decrease as the weight fraction of …


Smart Door For Handicapped People Via Face Recognition And Voice Command Technique, Hanaa M. Salman, Rana T. Rasheed Jul 2026

Smart Door For Handicapped People Via Face Recognition And Voice Command Technique, Hanaa M. Salman, Rana T. Rasheed

Engineering and Technology Journal

Smart home indicates an application for different technological implementations, it could indicate any system which controls the door lock and several other devices. Facial identification which is an important section to achieve surveillance and safety, especially for handicapped people, can be considered as one of the ways that deal with biometrics and performed to identify facial images via utilizing fundamental features of the face. A Raspberry Pi-based face recognition system using conventional face detection and recognition techniques is going to be supplied, so the method in which image-built biometrics uses a Raspberry Pi is described. The aim of the paper …