Digital Commons Network^™

Pediatric Growth Patterns In Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications For Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models., Chelsea M. Hosey, Kelsee Halpin, Valentina Shakhnovich, Chengpeng Bi, Brooke Sweeney, Yun Yan, J Steven Leeder

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

An accurate understanding of the changes in height and weight of children with age is critical to the development of models predicting drug concentrations in children (i.e., physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models). However, curves describing the growth of a typical population of children may not accurately characterize growth of children with various conditions, such as obesity. Therefore, to develop height and weight versus age growth curves for youth who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, we extracted data from electronic medical records. Robust nonlinear models were parameterized to the equations describing height and weight versus age as defined by the Centers for …

Target To Treatment: A Charge To Develop Biomarkers Of Response And Tolerability In Child And Adolescent Psychiatry., Stephani L. Stancil, John Tumberger, Jeffrey R. Strawn

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

The current pediatric mental health crisis is characterized by staggering rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide. Beyond this, first-line pharmacologic interventions for depressive and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents produce variable responses with two in five youths failing to respond. Given the heterogeneity of treatment response in pediatric depressive and anxiety disorders, pharmacodynamic biomarkers are necessary to develop precision therapeutics by identifying clear targets to guide treatment. This mini-review summarizes candidate biomarkers and their development in pediatric mental health conditions. A framework for how these biomarkers may relate to safety, efficacy (e.g., surrogates for clinical endpoints), tolerability or target …

The Efficacy And Safety Of Roxadustat For The Treatment Of Anemia In Non-Dialysis Dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: An Updated Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Clinical Trials, Basel Abdelazeem, Joseph Shehata, Kirellos Said Abbas, Nahla Ahmed El-Shahat, Bilal Malik, Pramod Savarapu, Mostafa Eltobgy, Arvind Kunadi

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background Roxadustat (ROX) is a new medication for anemia as a complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ROX, especially on the cardiovascular risks, for anemia in NDD-CKD patients. Methods Electronic databases were searched systematically from inception to July 2021 to look for randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated ROX NDD-CKD patients. Hemoglobin level and iron utilization parameters, including ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation (TSAT), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, and hepcidin were analyzed for efficacy. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated and presented with their …

Protect Your Patients And Yourself: The Complete And Honest Medical History, Mitchell Gardiner Dmd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This feature article emphasizes the critical role of obtaining a complete and honest medical history in dental practice. Reflecting on the evolution of clinicians' diligence since dental school, the article underscores the potential risks associated with inadequate medical histories. The legal and ethical responsibilities in gathering comprehensive patient information are highlighted, emphasizing the impact on patient well-being and the dentist's vulnerability to legal challenges. The complexities of patients' truthfulness, especially regarding sensitive topics, are discussed, urging clinicians to establish trust for accurate disclosures. The article concludes with practical recommendations, stressing the ongoing need for thorough medical history reviews and the …

The Foundation For Dental Care: The Patient Interview And Dental/Medical Health History, Richard W. Panek Dds, George Georgiev Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This feature article emphasizes the pivotal role of patient interviews and medical history assessments in establishing the foundation for dental care. Delving into the essential components of a patient's medical history, the article underscores the significance of gathering comprehensive information, including medications, allergies, and lifestyle factors. The patient interview is explored as a dynamic process aimed at building rapport, understanding the chief complaint, and addressing potential health risks. The article navigates through various scenarios, from adapting questions for specific patient situations to handling challenging topics such as substance abuse and behavioral health issues. Ultimately, the integration of total medical assessment …

Dentistry And The Law: Responding To Internet Criticism And Hipaa Considerations, Dan Schulte Jd

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This Dentistry and the Law column addresses the challenge of responding to online criticism as a healthcare professional, particularly dentists. The question involves a patient posting false and damaging information online, leading to concerns about reputation and the desire to set the record straight. The response outlines the limitations imposed by HIPAA on using patient information for such purposes and explores the legal complexities in pursuing recourse. The column advises against responding directly to negative online posts, emphasizing proactive reputation management through online advertising and patient testimonials.

10-Minute Ebd: Preferred Analgesia For Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Acetaminophen Or Nsaids?, Ryan N. Mcgovern

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This 10-Minute EBD column explores the choice between acetaminophen and NSAIDs for managing pain during orthodontic tooth movement. The author presents a scenario involving a patient's discomfort after archwire adjustment and delves into the impact of tooth movement on the periodontium. The PICO question focuses on the effectiveness of NSAIDs and acetaminophen in controlling discomfort without impeding tooth movement. The literature search reveals varying recommendations on analgesics, with some studies favoring acetaminophen. The evidence suggests that acetaminophen and short-term celecoxib are suitable choices for orthodontic analgesia. However, caution is advised in extrapolating findings from animal studies to human conditions.

A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Model For Prevalence Estimation Of A Vre Outbreak In A Tertiary Care Hospital, A. Atkinson, B. Ellenberger, V. Piezzi, T. Kaspar, O. Endrich, A. B. Leichtle, M. Zwahlen, J. Marschall

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: There was a nosocomial outbreak of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) at the hospital between 1

METHODS: A room-centric analysis of 12 floors (243 rooms) of the main hospital building was undertaken, including data on 37,558 patients over 22,072 person-weeks for the first 2 years of the outbreak (2018-2019). Poisson Bayesian hierarchical models were fitted to estimate prevalence per room and per week, including both spatial and temporal random effects terms.

RESULTS: Exploratory data analysis revealed significant variability in prevalence between departments and floors, along with sporadic spatial and temporal clustering during colonization 'flare-ups'. The oncology department experienced slightly higher prevalence …

Clinical Validation Of Guardant360 Cdx As A Blood-Based Companion Diagnostic For Sotorasib, Joshua M Bauml, Bob T Li, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Ramaswamy Govindan, Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro, Christophe Dooms, Toshiaki Takahashi, Andrew W Duda, Justin I Odegaard, Fernando Cruz-Guilloty, Liming Jin, Ying Zhang, Abraham Anderson, Ferdinandos Skoulidis

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVES: Effective therapy for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depends on morphological and genomic classification, with comprehensive screening for guideline-recommended biomarkers critical to guide treatment. Companion diagnostics, which provide robust genotyping results, represent an important component of personalized oncology. We evaluated the clinical validity of Guardant360 CDx as a companion diagnostic for sotorasib for detection of KRAS p.G12C, an important oncogenic NSCLC driver mutation.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: KRAS p.G12C was tested in NSCLC patients from CodeBreaK100 (NCT03600833) in pretreatment plasma samples using Guardant360 CDx liquid biopsy and archival tissue samples using therascreen® KRAS RGQ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) kit tissue testing. …

Soluble Trem2 In Csf And Its Association With Other Biomarkers And Cognition In Autosomal-Dominant Alzheimer's Disease: A Longitudinal Observational Study, Estrella Morenas-Rodríguez, Yan Li, Chengjie Xiong, Anne M. Fagan, Stephanie Schultz, Brian A. Gordon, Tammie L. S. Benzinger, Jason Hassenstab, Eric Mcdade, Celeste M. Karch, John C. Morris, Randall J. Bateman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic modulation of TREM2-dependent microglial function might provide an additional strategy to slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Although studies in animal models suggest that TREM2 is protective against Alzheimer's pathology, its effect on tau pathology and its potential beneficial role in people with Alzheimer's disease is still unclear. Our aim was to study associations between the dynamics of soluble TREM2, as a biomarker of TREM2 signalling, and amyloid β (Aβ) deposition, tau-related pathology, neuroimaging markers, and cognitive decline, during the progression of autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease.

METHODS: We did a longitudinal analysis of data from the Dominantly Inherited …

Suppressing Fatty Acid Synthase By Type I Interferon And Chemical Inhibitors As A Broad Spectrum Anti-Viral Strategy Against Sars-Cov-2, Saba R. Aliyari, Xiaochao Wei, Clay F. Semenkovich, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging viral pathogen and a major global public health challenge since December of 2019, with limited effective treatments throughout the pandemic. As part of the innate immune response to viral infection, type I interferons (IFN-I) trigger a signaling cascade that culminates in the activation of hundreds of genes, known as interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), that collectively foster an antiviral state. We report here the identification of a group of type I interferon suppressed genes, including fatty acid synthase (FASN), which are involved in lipid metabolism. Overexpression of FASN or the addition of its downstream product, palmitate, increased …

Reach And Adoption Of A Geriatric Emergency Department Accreditation Program In The United States, Maura Kennedy, Adriane Lesser, Juhi Israni, Shan W Liu, Ilianna Santangelo, Nicole Tidwell, Lauren T Southerland, Christopher R Carpenter, Kevin Biese, Surriya Ahmad, Ula Hwang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to describe the reach and adoption of Geriatric Emergency Department Accreditation (GEDA) program and care processes instituted at accredited geriatric emergency departments (EDs).

METHODS: We analyzed a cross-section of a cohort of US EDs that received GEDA from May 2018 to March 2021. We obtained data from the American College of Emergency Physicians and publicly available sources. Data included GEDA level, geographic location, urban/rural designation, and care processes instituted. Frequencies and proportions and median and interquartile ranges were used to summarize categorical and continuous data, respectively.

RESULTS: Over the study period, 225 …

Digital Interventions To Address Mental Health Needs In Colleges: Perspectives Of Student Stakeholders, Naira Topooco, Lauren A Fowler, Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft, Bianca Depietro, Melissa M Vázquez, Marie-Laure Firebaugh, Peter Ceglarek, Grace Monterubio, Michelle G Newman, Daniel Eisenberg, Denise E Wilfley, C Barr Taylor

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The need for clinical services in U.S. colleges exceeds the supply. Digital Mental health Interventions (DMHIs) are a potential solution, but successful implementation depends on stakeholder acceptance. This study investigated the relevance of DMHIs from students' perspectives.

METHODS: In 2020-2021, an online cross-sectional survey using mixed methods was conducted with 479 students at 23 colleges and universities. Respondents reported views and use of standard mental health services and DMHIs and rated the priority of various DMHIs to be offered through campus services. Qualitative data included open-ended responses.

FINDINGS: Among respondents, 91% reported having experienced mental health problems, of which …

Treasures From Rowan University Archives And Special Collections, Sara A. Borden

Library Workshops

Learning objectives:

• Participants will learn what primary sources are in a university archives and special collections
• Participants will examine and learn details from historic Rowan University artifacts such as: maps; incunabula and rare books; one-of-a-kind manuscripts detailing southern New Jersey history; and other incredible treasures from the region, the nation, and the world held in the collections
• Participants will understand that archives contain materials that are not only useful for work in humanities and social sciences but archives hold documents and objects of interest to those in STEM studies as well as other fields

Description:

This virtual workshop will clear …

Dipl 4193 Na Eastern European And Post-Soviet Politics, Margarita M. Balmaceda Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course provides a systematic introduction to the main issues in Soviet, post-Soviet and post Soviet-Bloc politics. Some of the topics to be considered are the following: (1) the legacy of Soviet nationality policies and the Soviet planned economy system on the creation and development of new political systems in the former Soviet republics; (2) the political and economic diversity which emerged within the ’Soviet Bloc” starting in the 1950’s, and its effects on the development of new political systems after the fall of Communism: (3) the causes and consequences of ethnic conflicts in some of the countries of the …

Dipl 3370 Wb Gender, Race And Culture In International Relations, Fredline M’Cormack-Hale Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

That gender should have a central place in international relations is finally beginning to take hold in the discipline. Most, if not all. introductory IR classes spend some time looking at how a study of states and the political and economic power they wield is incomplete without a consideration of how notions of femininity and masculinity also shape international relations. However, while IR scholars share concerns around male dominance in IR, feminism is not a monolithic concept and there is a diversity of both feminist approaches as well as topics studied. Moreover, intersectionality tells us that it is important to …

Dipl 2120 International Conflict And Security, R. Joseph Huddleston Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course serves as a general introduction to the study of international security, a field primarily concerned with the threat and uses of force by state and non-state actors for political ends. Topics examined include the origins of major power wars, regional conflicts, civil wars, and international intervention, as well as terrorism, cyber, and information warfare.

By the end of the semester, students should have acquired knowledge and understanding of key concepts, theories, and debates involved in the study of contemporary international security. Students should also have developed the skills to: analyze complex international systems; find and synthesize empirical information; …

Dipl 2110 Aa/Ab Comparative Foreign Policy, Ann Marie Murphy Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course is an introduction to theories of foreign policy analysis and a survey of the foreign policies of major states. The first part of the course examines alternative theoretical approaches to the study of foreign policy. These conceptual models are then applied to a series of seminal events such as the Cuban Missile Crisis. The second part of the course examines the foreign policy trajectories of a number of important states and explores critical foreign policy dilemmas through two in-class simulations.

Dipl 6170 Wb Advanced Topics In Economic Development, Omer Gokcekus Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

The main premise of graduate level work Is change. Change requires openness to new ideas. It also requires willingness to abandon old ones. In order to be successful in this course, you should be willing to unlearn and rethink many of the perceptions you might have about economic development: You already know a great deal, taught by politicians, media, roommates, friends, and relatives. Most of these are either incomplete or simply wrong!

Accordingly, to better understand different aspects of economic development, we provide in depth analysis of current aspects of economic development. To do so, instead of picking the issues …

Dipl 6350 Religion, Race, And International Relations, Brian K. Muzás Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course offers an overview of the role of religion and race in international relations. Students explore the causes, nature, and consequences of key issues related to the interplay of religion and race in history at the practical and theoretical levels. By understanding what scholars have learned and connecting these lessons to current events, students will acquire tools to approach contemporary and future issues.

Because of the nature of religion, some guiding questions naturally arise. These include questions like: What is the best way to live? What is the relationship between religion and society? Is religion a strictly private matter? …

Dipl 6311 Na/Nb Master's Research Project, Assefaw Bariagaber Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

The primary objective of this course is to produce a well-researched, quality paper by applying the principles of and approaches in empirical scientific research (which you covered in DIPL 6310 and for which you have received a course grade of "C” or above) to actual research endeavors. That is, the primary objective is knowledge production on relevant topics in international relations. The secondary objective is critical consumption of existing knowledge on relevant topics in international relations. The latter pertains to understanding and critically analyzing studies conducted by other scholars, as it would be virtually impossible to write a quality paper …

Dipl 6310 Research Methods For Policy Analysis, Martin S. Edwards Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This class is intended to accomplish two goals. First, this is a class for you to develop tools to pose questions and answer them in a social scientific fashion. Second, as this class is an essential prerequisite to DIPL 6311, you will finish this class having developed a template for that project.

To accomplish this first goal, we will spend the bulk of class time on understanding both qualitative and quantitative research. The second goal is one of application, as you will use insights picked up throughout the class to produce a research design of your own for use in …

Dipl 6250 Conflict And Conflict Resolution In Plural Societies, Aaron Hale Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

This course explores conflicts and conflict resolution in plural and culturally diverse societies. Cultural variety and differences can be sources of conflict as well as tools for resolving conflicts. The goal of the course is to introduce students to the importance of understanding cultural diversity for the analysis of social conflict and to learn constructive ways of dealing with adversity that may occur through intercultural encounters. We will focus on both conflict analysis as well as conflict resolution practice through the lens of various cultures. Cases studies will be used to analyze and apply theoretical and practical frameworks pertaining to …

Dipl 6201 United Nations Security Council Issues, Purnaka L. De Silva Ph.D.

Diplomacy Syllabi

The focus and aim of this Course DIPL 6201: United Nations Security Council Issues is to examine United Nations Security Council issues at this critical juncture in global affairs, amidst the backdrop of a rise in undemocratic and illiberal politics in several countries. The United Nations is the world’s premier multilateral organization whose voting membership is made up of sovereign nation-states. And therefore, its success or failure is solely dependent upon the performance or nonoptimal performance of its member states in exercising their political will for the greater good. And it is within the prism of political interactions between the …

Nonlinear Association Of Nurse Staffing And Readmissions Uncovered In Machine Learning Analysis, Olga Yakusheva, James Bang, Ronda G. Hughes, Kathleen L. Bobay, Linda L. Costa, Marianne E. Weiss

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: Several studies of nurse staffing and patient outcomes found a curvilinear or U-shaped relationship, with benefits from additional nurse staffing diminishing or reversing at high staffing levels. This study examined potential diminishing returns to nurse staffing and the existence of a "tipping point" or the level of staffing after which higher nurse staffing no longer improves and may worsen readmissions.

Data Sources/Study Setting: The Readiness Evaluation And Discharge Interventions (READI) study database of over 130,000 adult (18+) inpatient discharges from 62 medical, surgical, and medical-surgical (noncritical care) units from 31 United States (US) hospitals during October 2014-March 2017.

Study …

Evaluating Climatic Influences On The Technical Performance Of Built Infrastructure Assets, Sarah L. Brown, Steven J. Schuldt, Michael N. Grussing, Michael A. Johnson, Justin D. Delorit

Faculty Publications

Asset performance evaluations serve as a benchmark that can be used to make asset manufacturer selection decisions, i.e., choosing the brand of manufacturer that provides the highest performance among all brand competitors. Understanding the environmental conditions to which assets are subjected provides facility managers another data point to understand asset performance. This research builds upon a previously published performance-based manufacturer selection metric by investigating the linkage between asset performance and exposure to local climate, using chiller and air handler data from 20 United States Air Force installations. The link between environmental factors such as Heating Degree Days (HDD); Cooling Degree …

Biomechanical And Psychological Predictors Of Failure In The Air Force Physical Fitness Test, Jeffrey Turner, Brent T. Langhals, Torrey J. Wagner

Faculty Publications

Physical fitness is a pillar of U.S. Air Force (USAF) readiness and ensures that Airmen can fulfill their assigned mission and be fit to deploy in any environment. The USAF assesses the fitness of service members on a periodic basis, and discharge can result from failed assessments. In this study, a 21-feature dataset was analyzed related to 223 active-duty Airmen who participated in a comprehensive mental and social health survey, body composition assessment, and physical performance battery. Graphical analysis revealed pass/fail trends related to body composition and obesity. Logistic regression and limited-capacity neural network algorithms were then applied to predict …

Inside The Black Box Of Prosecutor Discretion, Shima Baradaran Baughman, Megan S. Wright, Christopher T. Robertson

Faculty Scholarship

In their charging and bargaining decisions, prosecutors have unparalleled and nearly-unchecked discretion that leads to incarceration or freedom for millions of Americans each year. More than courts, legislators, or any other justice system player, in the aggregate prosecutors’ choices are the key drivers of outcomes, whether the rates of mass incarceration or the degree of racial disparities in justice. To date, there is precious little empirical research on how prosecutors exercise their breathtaking discretion. We do not know whether they consistently charge like cases alike or whether crime is in the eye of the beholder. We do not know what …

No Hiding From Justice: Universal Jurisdiction In Domestic Courts, Heidi R. Gilchrist

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Spatial Sequestration Of Misfolded Proteins In Neurodegenerative Diseases, Sarah Rolli, Emily M. Sontag

Biological Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Properly folded, functional proteins are essential for cell health. Cells sustain protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, via protein quality control (PQC) mechanisms. It is currently hypothesized that a breakdown in proteostasis during ageing leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates in the cell and disease. Sequestration of misfolded proteins into PQC compartments represents one branch of the PQC network. In neurodegenerative diseases, certain proteins form abnormal protein deposits. Which PQC compartments house misfolded proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases is still being investigated. It remains unclear if sequestration of these misfolded proteins is toxic or protective to the cell. Here, we review …