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Articles 30781 - 30810 of 1791685
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Staying Strong In Practice: Reducing Musculoskeletal Risks In Dentistry, Leslie Hovda Dpt
Staying Strong In Practice: Reducing Musculoskeletal Risks In Dentistry, Leslie Hovda Dpt
Metro Denver Dental Society Articulator Magazine
Dentistry’s physical demands and static postures put providers at high risk for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), especially in the back, neck, shoulders and wrists. This article Dr. Leslie Hovda, outlines practical ways to reduce strain through proper equipment use, posture optimization and preventive self-care. Applying the “MEDS” approach: mindfulness, exercise, diet, and sleep, can extend career longevity for dental professionals.
The Next Step In Oral Systemic Health: Educating The Public, Gary Pickard
The Next Step In Oral Systemic Health: Educating The Public, Gary Pickard
Metro Denver Dental Society Articulator Magazine
Oral inflammation contributes to eight of the ten leading causes of death in the U.S., highlighting the need to integrate oral health into overall healthcare. Despite strong evidence linking gum disease to diabetes, heart disease, and Alzheimer’s, public awareness remains low. This article urges dental professionals to promote preventive care through patient education, saliva and blood pressure screenings and partnerships with medical providers. Initiatives by MDDS and RMDC show how integrated care can improve early detection and overall health outcomes.
Articulator Volume 32, Issue 1
Articulator Volume 32, Issue 1
Metro Denver Dental Society Articulator Magazine
The 1st Quarter 2026 issue features articles highlighting insights from the 2026 Rocky Mountain Dental Convention (RMDC) and perspectives on the evolving dental profession. Articles include:
- A reflection from Dr. Byran Savage on this year’s RMDC, celebrating education, innovation and professional connection.
- Practical strategies from physical therapist, Dr. Leslie Hovda, for reducing musculoskeletal strain and improving ergonomic health for dental professionals.
- An article from Mr. Gary Pickard of PDS Health exploring the critical link between oral and systemic health and how integrated care can improve chronic disease prevention.
- Guidance from Ms. Katherine Eitel Belt on having courageous, constructive conversations to …
Update On Colorado Non-Compete Agreements For Dentists, Josh Austin
Update On Colorado Non-Compete Agreements For Dentists, Josh Austin
Metro Denver Dental Society Articulator Magazine
Colorado’s Senate Bill 25-083 (SB 83) makes non-compete and non-solicitation agreements unenforceable for associate dentists, regardless of compensation. While non-competes tied to the sale of a dental practice or minority ownership remain valid if reasonable, most employment-based restrictions are now void. The law also preserves dentists’ rights to inform patients of their new practice and maintains penalties for non-compliance.
Winging It: Convergence, Convivencia, And Belonging Of Latina Lawyers, Verónica C. Gonzales
Winging It: Convergence, Convivencia, And Belonging Of Latina Lawyers, Verónica C. Gonzales
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
“No Further Discussion Necessary”: Compliance As Professionalism In Legal Education, Sarah J. Schendel
“No Further Discussion Necessary”: Compliance As Professionalism In Legal Education, Sarah J. Schendel
Fordham Law Review
No abstract provided.
"In Better Times": The Basis Of Representation And The Forgotten History Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Jessica I. Gorovitz
"In Better Times": The Basis Of Representation And The Forgotten History Of The Fourteenth Amendment, Jessica I. Gorovitz
Fordham Law Review
Over the past several years, the U.S. Supreme Court has incorporated history into the analysis of unenumerated individual rights, like abortion, and enumerated ones, like the right to keep and bear arms. But it has not incorporated history into its approach to individual rights claims of racial discrimination under the Equal Protection Clause, a methodological gap the Court has left unexplained. Rather, it has held that the purpose of the Fourteenth Amendment is to prevent racial classifications, largely citing its own precedent, eschewing the Amendment’s history. This approach conflicts with section 2 of the Voting Rights Act, which requires states …
Changes In The Availability Of Inpatient Psychiatric Beds Across Rural And Urban Areas, 2012-2021, John Gale, Zachariah T. Croll, Jamar Croom Ms, Yvonne Jonk Phd
Changes In The Availability Of Inpatient Psychiatric Beds Across Rural And Urban Areas, 2012-2021, John Gale, Zachariah T. Croll, Jamar Croom Ms, Yvonne Jonk Phd
All Maine Rural Health Research Center Publications
- From 2012 to 2021, the United States experienced significant shifts in the distribution of inpatient psychiatric beds away from psychiatric distinct part units (DPUs) in short-term medical hospitals in rural and urban areas, and towards freestanding inpatient psychiatric hospitals (IPHs) in urban areas.
- While the number of DPU beds declined by 14.6% (775) in rural areas and 8.7% (2,834) in urban areas, the number of IPHs beds increased by 2.1% percent (120) in rural areas and 16.4% (7,851) in urban areas.
- • Overall, rural areas experienced a 6.8% (755 beds) decline in the number of psychiatric beds operated by either …
From “Scared” To “Empowered”: Lived Experience Of Out-Of-School Youth In The Philippines, Sheilalaine G. Romulo
From “Scared” To “Empowered”: Lived Experience Of Out-Of-School Youth In The Philippines, Sheilalaine G. Romulo
Journal of Youth Development
In the Philippines, marginalized youth (e.g. out-of-school) are mostly excluded from civic engagement. This study explores how 5 young Filipino leaders, once out-of-school, navigated a community-based alliance with adults. The lifeworld of these young leaders is accessed through a phenomenological interview guided by Max van Manen’s phenomenological method. Their lived experience tells a transformative journey of being scared youth to becoming empowered young leaders who have found their voice after overcoming insecurities, fear of exclusion, and being misunderstood. It can also be gleaned from their lived experience how the adult partners may have contributed to their transformation. This article recommends …
Rocscholar Annual Report 2025, Lisa Buda
Rocscholar Annual Report 2025, Lisa Buda
Rochester Regional Health authored publications and proceedings
RocScholar is the institutional repository (IR) for Rochester Regional Health (RRH) and is managed by the Libraries at RRH. It provides storage and access for RRH’s research and scholarly activity. This report highlights the repository’s fifth year of implementation.
(Si16-11) Seasonal And Temporal Optimization Of Solar Energy Harvesting In Smart Iot Lighting Infrastructure, Abhijit Paul, Rishabh Pipalwa, Sabyasachi Mondal North - Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
(Si16-11) Seasonal And Temporal Optimization Of Solar Energy Harvesting In Smart Iot Lighting Infrastructure, Abhijit Paul, Rishabh Pipalwa, Sabyasachi Mondal North - Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
Applications and Applied Mathematics: An International Journal (AAM)
This study investigates the seasonal and temporal optimization of solar energy harvesting in a smart IoT-enabled streetlighting infrastructure by focusing on the theoretical determination of optimal solar panel tilt angles. The proposed system incorporates auto-adjusted solar panels integrated with an IoT network comprising sensors, microcontrollers, and streetlights. A key innovation lies in the implementation of a modified MQTT communication protocol, which enables efficient, localized decision-making and data exchange among components. Simulation results indicate that the modified MQTT protocol significantly reduces communication delay and power consumption compared to the conventional MQTT approach, thereby enhancing the overall system performance. Detailed analysis of …
Circuit And Synaptic Mechanisms Of Methamphetamine Induced Cognitive Deficits During Abstinence: Roles Of The Perirhinal-Prefrontal Pathway And The Nucleus Reuniens, Sarah Goldsmith
MUSC Theses and Dissertations
Cognitive deficits during abstinence are a hallmark of methamphetamine (meth) use and indicative of negative treatment outcomes. In rats, both long access meth self-administration and meth binge produce recognition memory deficits due to drug-induced plasticity within the perirhinal cortex (PRH). PRH projections are numerous and include the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the Nucleus Reuniens (NRe). In the first study, the role of the PRH-mPFC reciprocal circuit in novel object recognition memory was investigated by infusing an rgAAV encoding GFP-tagged Cre recombinase into the PRH or the mPFC. Following surgery, rats explored objects. During exploration, PRH neurons receiving input from …
Foothill Boulevard Corridor Plan, Alexander Tassos
Foothill Boulevard Corridor Plan, Alexander Tassos
City and Regional Planning
This plan evaluates existing conditions, opportunities, challenges, and recommendations for bicycle mobility, accessibility, safety, and comfort along the Foothill Boulevard corridor in San Luis Obispo. The plan builds on the City of San Luis Obispo’s Complete Streets and Active Transportation policies, as well as the regional priorities outlined in the SLOCOG Active Transportation Plan. Findings from this plan will inform future Foothill Boulevard Corridor improvements, guide coordination with the City’s Vision Zero initiatives, and support updates to the City’s Active Transportation planning framework. In addition, the plan presents conceptual alternatives for corridor improvements with a focus on creating a safer …
The History Of Philanthropic Wealth In Maine, Jillian Foley Mppm, Timothy Atkinson Mppm, Emma Schwartz
The History Of Philanthropic Wealth In Maine, Jillian Foley Mppm, Timothy Atkinson Mppm, Emma Schwartz
Justice Policy
This report (March 2026) was developed in collaboration with the Maine Philanthropy Center to invite readers to engage in an honest exploration of how wealth was accumulated in Maine and how our history continues to shape our communities today. Grounded in research and interviews with historians and philanthropic leaders, the report examines the connections between extractive histories and modern-day philanthropic structures. The authors aim to guide readers to explore the historical context, reflect on their own histories, and consider more equitable, restorative approaches to community-centered giving. While this report was designed with funders and nonprofit leaders in mind, the authors …
The Impact Of Human Myoblasts On Macrophage Polarization In A Coculture Model, Elisabeth Ann Stodola
The Impact Of Human Myoblasts On Macrophage Polarization In A Coculture Model, Elisabeth Ann Stodola
Biomedical Engineering
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is characterized by the buildup of atherosclerotic plaque in the lower extremities that occludes blood flow, and affects over 200 million people worldwide. Without effective treatment, PAD can lead to claudication, ischemia, ulcers, and gangrene. PAD causes more amputations in the United States than any other condition, and for severe cases that require revascularization, procedures benefit fewer than 50% of patients. This demonstrates a clear need for alternative therapies. Potential therapies for PAD target expansion of collateral blood vessels around the area of occlusion – a process called arteriogenesis to compensate for loss of blood flow …
When A Man Is Stressed, It Replicates In The House”: Kenyan Women’S Perspectives On The Influence Of Male Partners On Perinatal Mental Health Among Women Affected By Hiv, Hellen Moraa, Joan Mutahi, Winnie Atieno, Grace John-Stewart, John Kinuthia, Manasi Kumar, Mary Marwa, Ben Odhiambo, Felix Abuna, Jillian Pintye
When A Man Is Stressed, It Replicates In The House”: Kenyan Women’S Perspectives On The Influence Of Male Partners On Perinatal Mental Health Among Women Affected By Hiv, Hellen Moraa, Joan Mutahi, Winnie Atieno, Grace John-Stewart, John Kinuthia, Manasi Kumar, Mary Marwa, Ben Odhiambo, Felix Abuna, Jillian Pintye
Institute for Human Development, East Africa
Mental health conditions are a major public health concern in the African region, where women experience a high prevalence of maternal mental health conditions and limited access to adequate care. This issue is particularly severe among women living with HIV (WLHIV), who face a heightened risk of depression and anxiety. Despite the well-documented association between male partner-related factors and maternal/child health outcomes, their impact on perinatal mental health from the perspective of women is not well understood. We conducted semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with women affected by HIV. Thematic analysis revealed common sources of mental distress they experienced. …
Experience And Response To Disability Stigma In South Asian Communities, Sudha Krishnan
Experience And Response To Disability Stigma In South Asian Communities, Sudha Krishnan
The Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship
This qualitative study explored the experiences of stigma and responses to stigmatization among 13 South Asian parents of children with extensive support needs (ESN). Existing research indicates that students with intellectual disabilities often experience negative emotions such as shame, powerlessness, and frustration due to their disability status. Cultural beliefs significantly influence the experiences of disabled children and their families, with stigma perceived and felt differently across cultural groups. Participants were interviewed about their family and cultural beliefs, perceptions of disability, and experiences with school collaborations and social stigma. Thematic analysis revealed that South Asian families with children with ESN faced …
Transition Teacher Perspectives Of Community-Based Vocational Education Programs For Students With Disabilities, Vincent Spevack, Janna L. Brendle, Robin H. Lock
Transition Teacher Perspectives Of Community-Based Vocational Education Programs For Students With Disabilities, Vincent Spevack, Janna L. Brendle, Robin H. Lock
The Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship
The transition from school to work can be an especially challenging time for adolescents and young adults with disabilities, and their families, as they navigate the complex postsecondary transition process. Community-based vocational education (CBVE) is a coordinated transition service that provides students with opportunities for the acquisition of career and life skills in real-world environments. The goal of CBVE is to best prepare individuals with disabilities for employment and subsequentially important life skills necessary for the transition to a more independent life. The study was designed to explore special education transition educators’ perceptions of the barriers to implementing CBVE programs …
Coaching Parents To Use Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions, Lin Zhu, Kerry Kisinger
Coaching Parents To Use Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions, Lin Zhu, Kerry Kisinger
The Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship
This practitioner article examines the use of Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) to enhance communication skills through the vignette of a 4-year-old with speech delays. Through brief coaching sessions, the child’s parents learned techniques like imitation and prompting, integrating them into daily routines to improve vocal communication. The intervention highlighted the effectiveness of engaging caregivers as active participants and tailoring strategies to family contexts, leading to positive outcomes for both the child and family. This article outlines the procedures for practitioners to coach parents to implement evidence-based practices that can promote academic and behavioral growth in a naturalistic setting.
Ymca Changes Lives: Social Media Campaign, Savannah Nicole Rivera
Ymca Changes Lives: Social Media Campaign, Savannah Nicole Rivera
Communication Studies
This project examines how the YMCA of San Luis Obispo constructs its organizational identity through digital messaging by applying framing theory (Entman, 1993). Drawing from scholarship on framing, nonprofit organizational identity, dual-identity tensions, and nonprofit storytelling, I conduct an applied framing analysis of the YMCA’s website and Instagram content. Specifically, I analyze how the organization defines community problems, attributes causes to them, assigns moral values to them, and proposes solutions in its messaging. I argue that while the YMCA references its mission, its current digital communication often makes utilitarian identity elements, such as services, memberships, and facilities, more salient than …
A Framework For Biological Weapons Deterrence, Center For The Study Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction
A Framework For Biological Weapons Deterrence, Center For The Study Of Weapons Of Mass Destruction
Research and Case Studies
The United States faces a growing range of biological threats, including the potential use of increasingly sophisticated biological weapons. As advances in science and technology expand the scope of these risks, deterring biological attacks has become an urgent national security challenge. This study examines the U.S. Government's current approach to biological weapons deterrence, assesses existing tools and capabilities, and identifies key challenges to developing a more effective strategy. Drawing on research, expert interviews, and roundtable discussions, the paper argues that deterring biological threats requires a coordinated whole-of-government approach that integrates the capabilities and expertise of multiple federal agencies. This NDU …
Clinical Validation Of Targeted Somatic Structural Variant Detection In Pediatric Cancer Via Long-Read Sequencing, Aravindh Nagarajan, Byunggil Yoo, Emily Farrow, John Herriges, Lei Zhang, Elena Repnikova, Tomi Pastinen, Carol J. Saunders, Midhat Farooqi, Lisa Lansdon
Clinical Validation Of Targeted Somatic Structural Variant Detection In Pediatric Cancer Via Long-Read Sequencing, Aravindh Nagarajan, Byunggil Yoo, Emily Farrow, John Herriges, Lei Zhang, Elena Repnikova, Tomi Pastinen, Carol J. Saunders, Midhat Farooqi, Lisa Lansdon
Posters
Introduction: Structural variants (SVs) leading to gene fusions are one of the most common classes of driver mutations in pediatric cancer. Clinical SV detection relies on a combination of techniques including karyotyping, FISH, microarray and RNA fusion testing, and, more recently, optical genome mapping. SV detection via long-read genome sequencing (lr-GS) offers the advantage of breakpoint and complex event resolution; however, its implementation has been limited by the lack of an optimized somatic SV caller, among other factors. Here we describe the clinical validation of lr-GS for targeted somatic SV detection in pediatric cancer using Severus, a newly available somatic …
Lessons Learned: Targeted Rna Sequencing As A Tool For Resolving Variants Of Uncertain Significance, Allison Kalinousky, Vitoria Paolillo, Florencia Del Viso, Elena Repnikova, Ana S A Cohen, Joseph Alaimo, Emily Farrow, Carol J. Saunders, Isabelle Thiffault
Lessons Learned: Targeted Rna Sequencing As A Tool For Resolving Variants Of Uncertain Significance, Allison Kalinousky, Vitoria Paolillo, Florencia Del Viso, Elena Repnikova, Ana S A Cohen, Joseph Alaimo, Emily Farrow, Carol J. Saunders, Isabelle Thiffault
Posters
Our study demonstrated the utility of RNA studies in providing sufficient evidence to reinterpret VUS in a small cohort of clinically diverse pediatric patients who received ES/GS-based testing. Fifteen patients (68%) received an updated clinical report. Notably, in 59% the RNAseq data resulted in a molecular diagnosis. Moreover, ~47% of our positive variants were not located at splicing junctions, and therefore, would most likely not be flagged as a likely candidate in ES/GS analysis pipelines. While most variants with low TPM in blood failed, two positive variants had TPM less than 0.1, indicating that while TPM values can help narrow …
At The Crossroads: Sports Betting In Missouri And Proposals For Regulations, Jimin Shumate
At The Crossroads: Sports Betting In Missouri And Proposals For Regulations, Jimin Shumate
The Business, Entrepreneurship & Tax Law Review
Sports betting is a rapidly growing industry nationwide, and Missouri became the 39th state to legalize the practice. Although states hope to reap the benefits of a regulated sports gambling market, the activity carries significant mental, physical, and socioeconomic risks due to its inherently addictive nature. The hyper-accessibility of modern platforms, particularly those enabling unlimited micro betting, magnifies longstanding concerns in a new digital context. Compounding these risks, the absence of federal standards for minimum wagering ages and the aggressive marketing strategies employed by sportsbooks draw in young adults. This article proposes a coordinated federal and state regulatory framework that …
Beyond The Prompt: The Social Costs Of Generative Artificial Intelligence, J. Scott Christianson, Josh Rickard
Beyond The Prompt: The Social Costs Of Generative Artificial Intelligence, J. Scott Christianson, Josh Rickard
The Business, Entrepreneurship & Tax Law Review
The rapid commercialization of generative artificial intelligence has produced extraordinary value for technology companies while systematically externalizing costs onto society. This Article provides a review of these externalities across three domains: environmental, human health, and digital infrastructure. The environmental burden includes massive energy and water consumption alongside ecologically destructive mining for rare earth elements and accelerating electronic waste. The human toll encompasses a documented pattern of AI-induced mental health crises, including suicide and self-harm linked to anthropomorphic chatbot design, raising novel questions of product liability in cases like Garcia v. Character.AI. The digital commons face degradation through industrialized data scraping …
Handling Item-Level Missing Data In Linear Regression: A Tutorial, Guyin Zhang, Lihan Chen, Dexin Shen
Handling Item-Level Missing Data In Linear Regression: A Tutorial, Guyin Zhang, Lihan Chen, Dexin Shen
Faculty Publications
With advances in methodology and statistical software, modern methods for handling missing data have become more accessible and straightforward to apply. In psychological studies, researchers often use questionnaires or scales composed of multiple items to measure constructs of interest. As a result, missing values frequently occur at the item level, whereas data analyses are typically conducted at the scale (composite) level. However, properly addressing item-level missing data remains a common challenge for many applied psychologists, including researchers who are otherwise well experienced in handling missing data at the scale level. In this tutorial, we introduce six approaches for handling item-level …
Stress Management And Resilience Among Students Enrolled In The Entry Level Master Of Science In Nursing (Elmsn) Program, Pius Omolewa, Adekemi Adedipe, Nassrine Noureddine, Destiny Roberts
Stress Management And Resilience Among Students Enrolled In The Entry Level Master Of Science In Nursing (Elmsn) Program, Pius Omolewa, Adekemi Adedipe, Nassrine Noureddine, Destiny Roberts
All Faculty Scholarship
Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mindfulness exercises on stress management and resilience among ELMSN students. Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental design that used a paired samples t-test to compare pre-test and post-test of students’ scores on both GAD-7 anxiety screening tool and short version of Grit-scale. Statistical tests were conducted with significance set at p < 0.05 (two-sided). All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics, version 31.0 to compare pre-/post-test scores, determine differences, and statistical significance of interventions among the cohort. And a priori power analysis was conducted to determine the required sample size for a paired samples t-test. With an alpha level of 0.05 and a medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.50), a total sample size of N = 34 was determined to be sufficient to achieve a power of 0.80. Results: A convenience sample of 40 students (35 females and 5 males) participated in the study. Students had more anxiety before mindfulness exercises (M = 7.00, SD = 5.5) compared to after the mindfulness exercises (M = 6.2, SD = 3.4), t(39) = 1.41, p = 0.17. The effect size was small, d = 0.22. However, the difference in the students’ anxiety levels after the mindfulness exercises was not statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.17. On the resilience, students were less resilient before mindfulness exercises (M = 3.58, SD …
The Use Of High-Fidelity Simulation In Pre-Licensure Nursing Programs: A Systematic Review, Pius Omolewa, John Bressan, Feng Ping Sarah Lee
The Use Of High-Fidelity Simulation In Pre-Licensure Nursing Programs: A Systematic Review, Pius Omolewa, John Bressan, Feng Ping Sarah Lee
All Faculty Scholarship
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation in prelicensure nursing programs as it relates to the confidence, knowledge, and skills of student nurses. Background: Initiatives to improve the quality of prelicensure education in nursing programs include high-fidelity simulations, but research on their impact on student nurses’ confidence, knowledge, and skills remains limited. Nurses’ confidence in practical settings is essential for quality patient care and therapeutic use of self. Methods: Articles published between 2014-2025 that used experimental and quasi-experimental studies on high-fidelity simulations were searched in EBSCO host, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Medline, and Cumulative Index to Nursing …
Varicella Zoster Encephalitis In An Immunocompetent Middle-Aged Female With Benign Neurological Presentation, Kopalle Bhanu Sriram, Swathi B.S, Bernice Roberts
Varicella Zoster Encephalitis In An Immunocompetent Middle-Aged Female With Benign Neurological Presentation, Kopalle Bhanu Sriram, Swathi B.S, Bernice Roberts
Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is a neurotropic human herpesvirus that typically presents as herpes zoster following reactivation of latent infection. Central nervous system involvement such as encephalitis is uncommon and is more frequently described in immunocompromised individuals. Increasing use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics has enabled improved recognition of VZV-related neurological disease in immunocompetent hosts.
We describe a middle-aged immunocompetent female who presented with a 15-day history of persistent headache associated with vomiting and low-grade fever. Examination revealed vesicular eruptions in the T8–T9 dermatomes, while neurological examination and neuroimaging were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrated lymphocytic pleocytosis, elevated …
Quantum Safe Encryption (Qse) Within The Internet Of Medical Things (Iomt) Environment Using Zero Trust Architecture (Zta), Michael Grant Williams
Quantum Safe Encryption (Qse) Within The Internet Of Medical Things (Iomt) Environment Using Zero Trust Architecture (Zta), Michael Grant Williams
Dissertations
This research will use a Design Science Research (DSR) methodology and show that the results would be feasible, since there will not be any actual validating or testing occurring within or on this research project because this model is a theoretical model. In addition, this proposed theoretical model is based on extensive use of NIST standards and frameworks. This theoretical model will focused on the use of Quantum-Safe Encryption (QSE) within the Vivalink Electrocardiogram (ECG) Patch Monitor Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) device in a Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA). The advancement of quantum computing (QC) is expected to …