Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluation Of Apomictic Megathyrsus Maximus Accessions And Ecotypes To Improve Feed Availability In Western Kenya, David Miano Mwangi, S. W. Mwendia, Joseph G. Mureithi, P. Karimi, Maurice Mudeheri, An Notenbaert, Andres Juan, Tarus David

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In Kenya, the dairy sub-sector is dominated by smallholder farmers, who keep between 1-10 dairy cows, and produce over 80% of the marketed milk in the country. The sub-sector is characterized by low milk production, long calving intervals and high calf mortality. The main constraint is the lack of year- round quality feeds hence the low lactation yield of 1,400 litres from animals capable of 3,500 - 4,000 litres. The main feed is Napier grass (Cenchrus purpureus) formerly Pennisetum purpureum. However, in the last decade the productivity and reliability of Napier grass has been constrained by the emergence Napier …

Domestication Of The Annual Legume Trigonella Balansae For Mixed Farming Systems In Southern Australia, M. G. Wilmot, H. C. Norman, J. K. Hendry, P. Young, Elizabeth L. Hulm, A. Toovey, R. J. Harrison

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An accession of the annual legume Trigonella balansae Boiss. and Reuter. has been selected for commercial release in Australia. The annual legume has significant potential as a self-regenerating pasture within mixed farming systems. As part of a duty-of-care assessment, we tested the hypothesis that sheep grazing the trigonella cultivar will have similar liveweight, condition scores, health and wool production to sheep grazing two widely adopted annual legumes, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L. cv Dalkeith) and French serradella (Ornithopus sativus Brot. cv. Erica). Forage dry matter digestibility (DMD), crude protein (CP), fibre, mineral content and isoflavones were measured across …

The Influence Of High Density Grazing And Conventional, Rotational Grazing On Soil And Vegetation Parameters In The Semi-Arid And Mesic Grasslands Of South Africa, Jamie Paulse, C. Visser, P. J. Malan, G. N. Smit, F. H. De Witt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In South Africa, multi-camp rotational grazing using ‘conservative stocking rates’ have been the conventional approach to livestock grazing management systems. However, as of late, the high-desnity approach (used interchangeably – depending on the situation – with regenerative grazing, mob grazing, short duration, high pressure grazing, rapid rotation, time controlled, ultra-high density, holistic grazing and holistic resource management) has been adopted by numerous farmers. This approach is considered to be an adaptable one, incorporating the ‘herd effect’ concept, whereby large numbers of animals occupy an area for short periods of time, and allowed an extended rest period. It claims to improve …

Identification Of Predictive Gene Signatures And Molecular Interactions Underlying Opioid Use Disorder In Brain Tissues And Peripheral Blood, Kashish Kumar

Research Symposium

Background: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic and relapsing condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors. OUD is associated with altered gene expression and epigenetic modifications in BA9 and the greater prefrontal cortex affecting regional function and connectivity. OUD may also involve the downregulation of genes related to synaptic transmission and neurogenesis in the amygdala, impairing its adaptability. In addition to the brain, peripheral blood can serve as a source of molecular markers for OUD as it is easily accessible and may reflect systemic and chronic inflammation changes prompted by OUD. Understanding the molecular mechanisms dysregulated by OUD may …

In-Silico Approach For Identifying Metabolic Proteins And Their Pathways Involved In Neurodegenerative Disorders Rna-Seq Data, Asmita Bharti, Parvesh Bubber

Research Symposium

Background: Neurodegeneration is a pathological condition where progressive loss of neuronal cells occurs in the brain. Neurodegenerative disorders have become more prevalent and by 2050, it is predicted that they will be the primary cause of ageing worldwide. Globally, the prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been increasing tremendously. It has been identified that various proteins, such as APP, Tau, -synuclein, and TAR DNA-binding protein 43, are some of the main causative factors of dementia in older patients. Several studies have supported the idea that in-silico analyses using high-throughput RNA-seq data are …

Performance Of Color Plates For M. Tuberculosis Detection And Drug Resistance Screening In Mexican Tb Clinics Across The Texas Border, Sean Monday, Doris Ayala, Genesis P. Aguillón-Durán, America Cruz-Garcia, Alyssa Schami, Amberlee Hicks, Juan Ignacio Garcia, Jordi B. Torrelles, Blanca I. Restrepo

Research Symposium

Purpose: Populations along the U.S.-Mexico border have a high prevalence of risk factors for TB such as low socioeconomic status, overcrowding and migration, and consequently, higher TB incidence (up to 12 and 44/100,000) when compared to their corresponding national averages in each country. TB control in border regions is further challenged by limited access to cost-effective tests to diagnose TB and assess drug resistance (DR). We evaluated the performance of a novel, simple and low-cost culture plate technology for isolation and DR testing of Mtb in TB clinics on the Mexican border with Texas.

Methods: We conducted an observational study …

Skin Conditions And Villainous Depictions In Anime Films: Exploring Unconscious Bias In Patient-Provider Interactions, Patricia Guzman

Research Symposium

Background: Film and artistic media have the ability to influence societal perception of dermatological conditions. Literature describes how both live-action and animated films tend to depict villainous characters with a disproportionately greater number of skin conditions, thus contributing to the stigma surrounding skin conditions and their association with moral deficiency. However, the majority of literature tends to examine films of cultural, historic, and aesthetic significance in Western canon. This study seeks to include perspectives from East Asian cinema by evaluating dermatological findings of heroes and villains in popular anime films and assessing whether an increased number of skin conditions …

The Effects Of Partner Support On Breastfeeding In Underserved Nicu Latina Mothers Living Along The Us-Mexico Border, Mia Honrubia, Kassandra Garcia, Andrea P. Almaguer-Botero

Research Symposium

Introduction: Mothers of very low birthweight infants undergo many obstacles initiating, and then continuing breastfeeding. The AAP (2022) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. A Level III NICU along the US-Mexico border, cares for over 140 VLBW infants per year. Hidalgo County is an underserved-underrepresented Latino community. 97% of our mothers live near or at the poverty level. Mothers who are newly emigrated from Mexico are often disenfranchised from our medical community and proper health care (Galvan et al. 2021). The incidence of maternal anxiety and depression in the NICU maternal population is high, adding stress …

Driscoll Children's Heart Center (Dchc): Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgical Outcomes In Previously Underserved, Underrepresented Latino Patients Living In The Rio Grande Valley (Rgv), Kassandra Garcia, Mia Honrubia, Vincent Honrubia, Stephen M. Langley

Research Symposium

Introduction: Children are born every year with heart conditions that can range in levels of severity and differ in impact to quality of life. The Driscoll Children’s Heart Center (DCHC) comprehensively cares for children with heart conditions beginning with in utero care and follow-up through adulthood. DCHC manages all different types of Cardiac Defects including Hypoplastic Left heart Syndrome, Valve Dysfunction, Single Ventricle heart disease, transposition of the great arteries, atrioventricular septal defects and tetralogy of Fallot.

The DCHC quality data: low mortality and complication rates, and short length of stay (LOS) are cornerstones to driving quality improvement. The RGV, …

Safety And Feasibility Of Oral Pharyngeal Human Milk Therapy In Latino Vlbw Babies In A Large Level Iii Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Along The Us- Mexico Border, Kassandra Garcia, Mia Honrubia, Belen Martinez, Dynio Honrubia

Research Symposium

Introduction: The Doctors Hospital at Renaissance-Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (DHR-NICU) in Edinburg, is a large Level III/IV Regional NICU, admitting 140 Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) babies per year. The population is 99% Latino, historically underserved and underrepresented; the unit is located 10 miles from the US- Mexico Border.

Background: Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants are born too immaturely to feed human milk. In utero, the fetus continuously swallows amniotic fluid which provides growth stimulus and immune protective components. Human milk can provides essential antimicrobial agents and immune protective components to infants born prematurely, reducing the risk of major …

Prevalence Of Alternative Treatments In Patients In The Oncology Area In Northeastern Mexico, Hadassa Y. Martínez-Padrón, Hernán Uziel Vargas-Ruiz, Domingo Vargas-Gonzalez, Araní Casillas-Ramírez, J M. Guerrero-Nava

Research Symposium

Background: The treatment against cancer depends of the type of cancer and the stadium that is found, the treatment consist in the application of one or various methods, according to the American Institute for Cancer Research, the principals methods used are the following: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, driven therapy, hormonal therapy, mother cells transplant, biomarker test, etc. Mexico has more than 4500 medicinal plants, and only 11% of those plants had chemical, pharmacological and biomedical efficacy. For the above, in the country stands out the use of herbalist treatment for different types of cancer, however, the published articles in this …

Prevalence Of Anxiety And Depression In Young People From Northern Tamaulipas, In The Context Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Teresa Velázquez-Loredo

Research Symposium

Background: From the beginning of the confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the prevalence of depression was >22%, while ENSANUT 2018 survey reported a prevalence of 13.6%. The pandemic had an adverse impact on young people, affecting employment, their professional future, education, training and, therefore, their mental well-being. Early studies show that young people have higher levels of anxiety and depression than adults and older adults.

Methods: We evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of students from the upper secondary and higher education levels of northern Tamaulipas, Mexico, measuring the prevalence of anxiety and depression …

Risk Factors For Arterial Hypertension In High School Students From Miguel Aleman And Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Tamaulipas, Mexico, Teresa Velázquez-Loredo, Netzahualcoyotl Mayek-Pérez

Research Symposium

Background: Although arterial hypertension (AHT) in adolescents is not an important cause of morbidity and mortality, it is a public health problem that is rapidly increasing in Mexico, due to changes in lifestyle and diet that generate overweight and obesity in the population and will later impact significantly in adulthood. The earlier AHT develops the risk of acute myocardial infarctions, cerebrovascular accidents; then disabilities should be increased. These conditions have repercussions at social and economic levels.

Methods: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study in students of the CBTIS 220 of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (N = 423; women = 190, men = …

Design Of A Test For Research On Architectural Features Of Streetscape, Maria E. M. Carlier, Cristian A. Maestre, Gladys E. Maestre

Research Symposium

Background: The architectural experience may impact people’s behavior, health, and well-being, engaging several neural networks. Sensory-motor networks mediate motor responses such as approach and avoidance and spatial navigation in response to stimuli. Limbic networks process feelings and emotions. Memory-related networks support personal experiences, education, and culture. The interaction between architecture and brain sciences is known as neuroarchitecture which promises to offer biologically inspired insights into the design of spaces. We are interested in the study of neuroarchitecture applied to the streetscapes of neighborhoods in South Texas. The primary purpose of this study is to design a cognitive test to assess …

Assessing Community Health Workers Perceptions Of Their Participation In Covid-19 Related Projects Implemented Throughout South Texas And Their Alignment To The Dimensions Of Community Capacity, Eduardo Gandara Garcia, P. Recto, J. Lesser, A. Z. Idar, J. Zapata, V. Vela, M. Castilla, L. Hernandez, C. Castillo, J. Escareño, M. Flores, V. Morales

Research Symposium

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Community Health Workers (CHWs) have been vital in helping to mitigate health disparities as they have helped serve as a bridge for communities and needed resources. In addition, they have been vital in improving health as they help build community capacity through their outreach, community education, and advocacy. Thus, the purpose of this project was to assess CHW’s perceptions of their participation in COVID-19 related projects implemented by the South Texas AHEC Program, throughout South Texas, and their alignment to Goodman et al.’s Dimensions of Community Capacity.

Methods: Using qualitative description, five individual semi-structured interviews …

Pulmonary Tuberculosis In Older Adults, Texas, 2008 - 2020: Trends And Adverse Outcomes, Belinda Medrano, Gretchen L. Gemeinhardt, Miryoung Lee, Sandra Morris, Lana Yamba, Blanca I. Restrepo

Research Symposium

Background: After two decades of 2% annual declines in the global incidence of TB, there was a 3.6% increase between 2020 and 2021. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) ‘End TB Strategy’ is aimed at reducing TB incidence by 80% and TB deaths by 90% by 2030, compared with 2015, but its goals will not be reached at the current pace. Reacceleration of TB elimination efforts must take into consideration the changing epidemiology of TB, including an aging global population. The older adult population, aged 65 and older, is growing faster than all other age groups, and in the United States, …

Dissecting The Influence Of Perceived Discrimination And Genetic Liability On Mental Health, Bassent Abdelbary, C. E. Guerra Amorim, P. Rodriguez, J. L. Montalvo-Ortiz

Research Symposium

Background: Underrepresented groups are disproportionally affected by discrimination, which can have long-lasting influences on the individual’s wellbeing and mental health. This study leverages the diversity of the All of Us cohort to investigate the interplay between genetic risk factors and perceived discrimination in the context of mental health disorders. This study aims to shed light into the underlying biological and environmental risk factors, and its interplay, of mental health disorders in underrepresented populations.

Methods: Data on perceived discrimination was retreived from the the All of Us (AoU) COVID-19 Participant Experience (COPE) questionnaire and matched with sociodemographic and phenotypic …

Pain Catastrophizing, Depression, And Anxiety In Tha Patients With Differing Radiographic Severity, Vanessa Lopez, Cesar Sevilla Jr., Isabella Amado, Ruthvik Allala, Y. Xi, E. P. Mulligan, Whitney Herge, Joel Wells

Research Symposium

Background: Comorbid mood disorders and pain catastrophizing behavior in patients with hip osteoarthritis have been associated with worse pain scores and more functional limitations before and after undergoing a total hip arthroplasty (THA). There remain questions regarding the relationship between severity of hip disease and mental health factors on preoperative measures in patients with differing radiographic disease. The purpose of this study was to assess preoperative pain catastrophizing, depression, and anxiety scores in THA patients with less severe radiographic hip arthritis compared to those with more severe radiographic disease.

Methods: A total of 785 patients were enrolled in a prospective …

Impacts Of Work Environment On Health Status Of Traffic Compliance And Enforcement Corps Members In Ogun State. Nigeria, Tunde Olaniyan, D. O. Babayemi, T. F. Akinhanmi, R. N. Ugbaja, O. Ademuyiwa

Research Symposium

Background: Traffic Compliance and Enforcement (TRACE) Corps members in Nigeria are occupationally exposed to lots of environmental pollutants due to essential services that they render in the transport industry. Exposure to environmental pollutants has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Information about biochemical end points of CVD in Traffic Compliance and Enforcement (TRACE) Corps members who are occupationally exposed to environmental pollutants is lacking. This study therefore investigated the effects of these environmental pollutants on some indices of CVD.

Methods: Before enrollment in the study, all subjects, including controls, were informed …

Effect Of Mir-660-5p In Breast Cancer Progression, Valeria Villarreal García, Jose Roberto Estupiñan-Jimenez, R. Noriega, Patricio A. Zapata-Morín, Recep Bayraktar, Diana Resendez-Perez, C. Rodríguez-Padilla, Jose M. Vázquez-Guillén, Fermin Mar Aguilar, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejía, V. Gonzalez-Villasana

Research Symposium

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in different processes of BC and their deregulation can cause them to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, participating in cancer progression. Using the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database, we found that miR-660-5p significantly overexpressed and associated with poor survival in patients with this pathology. Moreover, it is reported that miR-660-5p can induce BC progression through transcription factor CP2 (TFCP2) and the downregulation of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2). In this project, we propose to identify the role of miR-660-5p in proliferation, migration, invasion, …

Functional Effect Of Mir-1307-3p On Breast Cancer Progression, Jose Roberto Estupiñan-Jimenez, V. Villarreal-García, R. Noriega, Patricio A. Zapata-Morín, Recep Bayraktar, Diana Reséndez-Pérez, C. Rodríguez-Padilla, Jose M. Vázquez-Guillén, Fermin Mar-Aguilar, Gabriel Lopez-Berestein, Pablo E. Vivas-Mejía, V. Gonzalez-Villasana

Research Symposium

Background: MiRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules and its function is the regulation of gene expression. In cancer, the deregulation of miRNAs allows them to act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. From an analysis of the expression of miRNAs in breast cancer (BC) in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), it was identified that miR-1307-3p is significantly overexpressed in the tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue from patients. So far, in BC, it has only been reported that this miRNA inhibits SMYD4 and that it is involved in resistance to cisplatin through its effect on Mdm4. In this project we propose to …

In Vitro Murine Lymphoma L5178y-R Cells Growth Inhibition By Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Lophocereus Marginatus, Jesica María Ramírez Villalobos, C. I. Romo-Sáenz, D. L. Clark-Pérez, Karla S. Morán-Santibañez, R. Quintanilla-Leal, P. Tamez-Guerra, A. Ordoñez-Vásquez, C. Rodríguez-Padilla, Ricardo Gomez-Flores

Research Symposium

Background: Chemotherapy is one of the main treatments to fight cancer. However, about 90% of failures in this procedure are due to the invasion and metastasis of drug-resistant cancer cells. Therefore, the search for new drugs has become critical in oncology. Endophytic fungi, as important sources of bioactive compounds, represent an alternative for the isolation, characterization, and development of new pharmacological treatments for cancer control. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of liquid culture extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Lophocereus marginatus against murine lymphoma L5178Y-R cells.

Methods: Endophytic fungi obtained from L. marginatus …

Carf Expression-Based Screening Of Steatosis-Modulating Compounds, Hanlin Han, Yixin Sun, Huayue Zhang, Dongyang Li, Sunil C. Kaul, Renu Wadhwa

Research Symposium

Introduction: Steatosis, excessive accumulation of fat in liver, is a stressed state of liver caused by various factors such as obesity, diabetes, alcohol consumption, certain medications and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While it is generally considered a benign condition, prolonged steatosis often progresses to serious liver diseases including liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocarcinoma. Whereas drug development is expensive and long process, anti-steatosis natural compounds are anticipated to be useful for management of this condition and prevent its progress to complicated lethal pathologies. CARF protein has been shown to play a key role in regulating the cellular response to stress. …

Allelic Frequency Of Dpyd Genetic Variants: Implementation Of A Genotyping Test In Mexican Population, Diana Cristina Pérez-Ibave, Carlos H. Burciaga-Flores, Valeria Jimena Gómez-Ordaz, Noé Israel Oliva-García, Vanessa N. Ortiz-Murillo, Francisco Alvarado Villarreal, Jonatán Isaí Cortes-Alfaro, Alan Burguete-Torres, Fernando Alcorta-Núñez, Oscar Vidal Gutiérrez, María Lourdes Garza-Rodríguez

Research Symposium

Background: Fluoropyrimidine-based (FP) chemotherapy is extensively used to treat solid cancers, including colorectal and breast cancer. A dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) enzyme deficiency, encoded by the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) gene, increases the risk of severe toxicity. FP toxicity affects about 30-40% of patients, which in some cases may be lethal. FPs have been used for over 50 years, and an estimated 2 million cancer patients are treated with FP drugs annually. In particular, FPs remain among the most effective drugs for treating GI malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC) (1.8 million), gastric (1 million), and pancreatic cancer (n=460,000). In Mexican oncology …

Using Molecular Docking, Dynamics, And Simulation To Investigate The Role Of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Interaction With Parkin Gene In The Prevention Of Oral Cancer, Rashmi Kumari, B. Kumari, B. Khan, S. Ram, M. M. A. Rizvi

Research Symposium

Background: Oral cancer is one of the most feared diseases in the world, as well as India's second leading cause of death. Several studies have found that the upregulation and downregulation of various tumour suppressor genes, such as Parkin gene, are linked to cancer pathogenesis. So, numerous therapeutic options are available to combat this disease; however, due to their drawbacks and side effects, it is necessary to find alternatives, such as medicinal plants. As a result of their low toxicity and immense nutraceutical value, plants and their extracts have proven critical in treating and managing a variety of cancers, including …

Characterization Of Yb1 In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells, Yamile Abuchard Anaya, Sophia Leslie, Kyle Doxtater, Samantha Lopez, Dennis Kwabiah, Ana Ayala Pazzi, Omar Karkoutly, Manish Tripathi

Research Symposium

Background: The Rio Grande Valley’s demographics show that the Hispanic population demographics exceeds more than 92% in The Rio Grande Valley. Being the most prominent ethnicity. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) affects the Hispanic community greatly, and many factors impact the suceptibility. In 2022, liver cancer was predicted to be the fifth and seventh major cause for mortality in both males and females, respectively. Given its fast-growing rate and its aggressiveness, it is important to study the social, cultural, and most importantly the biogenetic factors that affect the prevalence of the disease. Unfortunately, in Texas, and specifically in the RGV, its prevalence …

Aspects Of Glucose Metabolism In Anoikis-Induced Colorectal Cells, Sophia Leslie, Kyle Doxtater, Samantha Lopez, Yamile Abuchard, Bilal B. B. Hafeez, Tamer Oraby, Timothy Loy, Subhash Chauhan, Manish Tripathi

Research Symposium

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most lethal cancer, and its survival rate drops from 90% to 14% when the condition is contained within the colon vs. when found at distant sites within the body. This is concerning because the disease will develop metastasis in 40-50% of patients. Metastasis is a multistep process in which cancer cells gain anoikis resistance to survive after detaching from primary locations and traveling through the circulatory and lymphatic systems to distant target organs. Thus, understanding the molecular drivers involved in glucose metabolism and its role in the anoikis process could be vital for improving …

Leveraging Secondary Data To Study Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factors In Minority Populations, Ney Alliey-Rodriguez, Ramya Kunta, Angel Jose, Lily Putegnat, Cristian Maestre

Research Symposium

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease is the leading cause of dementia in the aging population, and minority groups like Latinos have 3 to 5 times more risk to develop dementias than the overall US population. Several studies have examined for possible causes of this increased risk, but lack of comprehensive information plus a reduced number of minority samples available in those studies have hindered the answers.

Methods: We examined South Texas Medicare/Medicaid data as well as the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center dataset, looking for comorbidities and risk factors related to neurodegeneration in different minority groups. Correlation and regression analyses were used to …

The Dual Delivery Of Y15 And Metformin In A Plga Scaffold For The Treatment Of Platinum Resistant Ovarian Cancer, Manuel Duarte, E. Jordan, Hannah Obregon, V. Villalobos, Marco Antonio Arriaga, Arkene Levy, Sue Anne Chew

Research Symposium

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality among women. This high mortality rate is linked to the development of resistance to first line chemotherapy with platinum compounds which has been attributed in part to increased activity of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). The anti-diabetic drug metformin was previously shown to induce cytotoxicity in PROC cells and thus, the combination of a FAK inhibitor, Y15 and metformin may be a promising treatment for PROC. Biomaterial scaffolds can be utilized to deliver drugs locally to maximize the drug concentration and bioactivity at the target site while minimizing non-target systemic …

Adipose Stem Cells As An Adjunct To Peripheral Nerve Surgery, Allison Podsednik Gardner, Raysa Cabrejo, Joseph Rosen

Research Symposium

Background: Currently, many different techniques exist for the surgical repair of peripheral nerves. The degree of injury dictates the repair and, depending on the defect or injury of the peripheral nerve, plastic surgeons can perform nerve repairs, grafts, and transfers. All the previously listed techniques are routinely performed in human patients, but a novel addition to these peripheral nerve surgeries involves concomitant fat grafting to the repair site at the time of surgery. Fat grafting provides adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to the injury site. Though fat grafting is performed as an adjunct to some peripheral nerve surgeries, there is …