Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (326650)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (259839)
- Law (183400)
- Education (154192)
- Arts and Humanities (123395)
-
- Life Sciences (116619)
- Medical Specialties (77293)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (65115)
- Higher Education (59426)
- Public Health (55750)
- Business (51400)
- History (50555)
- Psychology (48986)
- Medical Sciences (45396)
- Sociology (44048)
- Communication (43656)
- Engineering (41175)
- Nursing (34253)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (33268)
- Library and Information Science (25769)
- Environmental Sciences (25007)
- United States History (21878)
- Religion (21849)
- Diseases (21781)
- Journalism Studies (21685)
- Mass Communication (21331)
- Economics (18095)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (18023)
- Rehabilitation and Therapy (16660)
- Social History (16398)
- Institution
-
- University of New Mexico (56130)
- University of New Hampshire (43726)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (37651)
- University of Montana (27884)
- The Texas Medical Center Library (27612)
-
- University of Colorado Law School (24816)
- University of Mississippi (24712)
- University of South Florida (23124)
- Murray State University (21750)
- Washington University School of Medicine (20280)
- University of Kentucky (18293)
- Georgia Southern University (18178)
- San Jose State University (17442)
- Chulalongkorn University (17328)
- Walden University (16849)
- Utah State University (16528)
- Thomas Jefferson University (16410)
- Western Kentucky University (16404)
- Western Michigan University (16146)
- Gallaudet University (15146)
- Eastern Illinois University (15079)
- Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing (14756)
- Nova Southeastern University (14567)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (14456)
- University of Central Florida (14428)
- University of North Dakota (14310)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (14287)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (13721)
- Brigham Young University (12774)
- Bowling Green State University (12542)
- Keyword
-
- Newspaper (30169)
- Humans (28650)
- Female (13647)
- Education (13420)
- COVID-19 (12885)
-
- Student newspaper (12365)
- Male (11876)
- Newspapers (10319)
- Newsletter (10000)
- Animals (9245)
- Bowling Green State University (8945)
- Spartan Daily (8774)
- EIU (8524)
- Michigan (7936)
- History (7333)
- United States (7307)
- Higher education (7305)
- Eastern Illinois University (7250)
- Daily Eastern News (7142)
- Adult (7068)
- BG News (7010)
- Faculty (6321)
- N.M. (6305)
- Mental health (6250)
- Pennsylvania (6210)
- B.G. News (5981)
- Mice (5921)
- Collegeville (5822)
- Middle Aged (5804)
- Students (5691)
- Publication Year
-
- 2026 (50402)
- 2025 (75910)
- 2024 (79772)
- 2023 (77376)
- 2022 (76539)
-
- 2021 (76841)
- 2020 (74657)
- 2019 (65717)
- 2018 (62110)
- 2017 (60781)
- 2016 (57547)
- 2015 (53471)
- 2014 (49111)
- 2013 (45721)
- 2012 (44801)
- 2011 (38501)
- 2010 (35842)
- 2009 (32244)
- 2008 (29320)
- 2007 (26449)
- 2006 (24623)
- 2005 (22467)
- 2004 (20479)
- 2003 (18955)
- 2002 (17915)
- 2001 (16949)
- 2000 (16449)
- 1999 (15106)
- 1998 (14756)
- 1997 (14303)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (30924)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (15656)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (15384)
- Faculty Publications (14426)
- Faculty, Staff and Student Publications (13692)
-
- Dissertations (12721)
- Session Laws 1951-2000 (12443)
- Faculty Scholarship (10235)
- Spartan Daily (School of Journalism and Mass Communications) (8078)
- Faculty, Staff and Students Publications (7880)
- Daily Mississippian (all digitized issues) (7640)
- 2020-Current year OA Pubs (7477)
- Articles (7463)
- Open Access Publications (7412)
- BG News (Student Newspaper) (7107)
- Santa Fe New Mexican, 1883-1913 (6966)
- Master's Theses (6847)
- Montana Kaimin, 1898-present (6765)
- Theses (6570)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (6481)
- Browse All News (6430)
- Masters Theses (6390)
- The Murray Ledger & Times (6370)
- Honors Theses (5933)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (5825)
- Session Laws 2001-Present (5710)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (5667)
- International Nursing Research Congress (INRC) (5330)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (5148)
- Saudi Medical Journal (5073)
- Publication Type
Articles 149251 - 149280 of 1797023
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Physical Activity Modifies The Risk Of Incident Cardiac Conduction Disorders Upon Inflammation: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Haiyan Zhao, Man Li, Dan Wu, Shuohua Chen, Chenrui Zhu, Yulong Lan, Hongmin Liu, Yuntao Wu, Shouling Wu
Physical Activity Modifies The Risk Of Incident Cardiac Conduction Disorders Upon Inflammation: A Population-Based Cohort Study, Haiyan Zhao, Man Li, Dan Wu, Shuohua Chen, Chenrui Zhu, Yulong Lan, Hongmin Liu, Yuntao Wu, Shouling Wu
Research outputs 2022 to 2026
BACKGROUND: Emerging evidence suggests a central role for inflammation in cardiac conduction disorder (CCD). It is unknown whether habitual physical activity could modulate the inflammation-associated risks of incident CCD in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: This population-based cohort was derived from the China Kailuan study, including a total of 97 192 participants without prior CCD. The end points included incident CCD and its subcategories (atrioventricular block and bundlebranch block). Systemic inflammation was indicated by the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Over a median 10.91-year follow-up, 3747 cases of CCD occurred, with 1062 cases of atrioventricular block and 2697 cases of bundle-branch …
Mice Lacking Astn2 Have Asd-Like Behaviors And Altered Cerebellar Circuit Properties, Michalina Hanzel, Kayla Fernando, Susan E Maloney, Zachi Horn, Shiaoching Gong, Kärt Mätlik, Jiajia Zhao, H Amalia Pasolli, Søren Heissel, Joseph D Dougherty, Court Hull, Mary E Hatten
Mice Lacking Astn2 Have Asd-Like Behaviors And Altered Cerebellar Circuit Properties, Michalina Hanzel, Kayla Fernando, Susan E Maloney, Zachi Horn, Shiaoching Gong, Kärt Mätlik, Jiajia Zhao, H Amalia Pasolli, Søren Heissel, Joseph D Dougherty, Court Hull, Mary E Hatten
2020-Current year OA Pubs
Astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) is a transmembrane neuronal protein highly expressed in the cerebellum that functions in receptor trafficking and modulates cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic activity. Individuals with
Comprehensive Technical Analysis Of A Kickboxing Fight In K1 Format Based On Observation, Marta Niewczas, Wojciech Wąsacz, Wiesław Chwała, Tomasz Pałka, Ewa Sobiło-Rydzik, Tadeusz Ambroży, Kristína Němá, Łukasz Rydzik
Comprehensive Technical Analysis Of A Kickboxing Fight In K1 Format Based On Observation, Marta Niewczas, Wojciech Wąsacz, Wiesław Chwała, Tomasz Pałka, Ewa Sobiło-Rydzik, Tadeusz Ambroży, Kristína Němá, Łukasz Rydzik
Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity
Introduction: Observation and specialized analysis of confrontations in combat sports are fundamental for introducing corrections in training programs and for modifying the individual technical-tactical profiles of athletes in these types of activities. These actions comprehensively assess the progress of sports activities, ultimately inspiring and guiding the direction of training in sports clubs. The aim of this study was to analyze and assess the level of the offensive structure of Kickboxing sport fights in the K1 format, in terms of global simulated sparring, in selected thematic sets. Materials and Methods: The research material consisted of a multimedia recording of 10 simulated …
Investigating Veterinarians' Interest In Mental Health, Loren C. Beggs, Jisook Park
Investigating Veterinarians' Interest In Mental Health, Loren C. Beggs, Jisook Park
Academic Leadership Journal in Student Research
Stress affects all individuals though individuals’ response to stressors can be different. When stress is not managed effectively, it can lead to severe physiological concerns as well as psychological damages such as depressive symptoms and even suicidal ideations. Veterinarians are known to have a higher depression level and suicide rate than the general population which could be attributed to higher occupational stress. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the mental health state of veterinarians and the relationship between psychological distress and pursuit of mental health resources. We also explored the relationship between psychological distress and perceived importance …
Volume 57-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell
Volume 57-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell
The Geographical Bulletin
Volume 57-1 Complete Issue
Sustainable Campus Landscapes In The United States And China: A Comparative Analysis, Zhaofang Zhang, Jing Zhou, Deanna Schmidt, Kathleen Garland
Sustainable Campus Landscapes In The United States And China: A Comparative Analysis, Zhaofang Zhang, Jing Zhou, Deanna Schmidt, Kathleen Garland
The Geographical Bulletin
This paper explores landscapes of sustainability. Universities across the world have incorporated sustainability into their curriculum, research, infrastructure operation, and resource management. However, campus landscapes are relatively unexplored assets to promote university sustainability. As the physical embodiment of university values as well as an enduring legacy, campus landscapes offer the potential to integrate sustainability into the fabric of universities for generations to come. The paper presents findings from an empirical study of two universities: China T hree Gorges University, Yinchang City, Hubei province, China, (CTGU) and the University of Houston, Clear Lake, Texas, United States (UHCL). The research utilizes landscape …
Who Lives Where: A Comprehensive Population Taxonomy Of Cities, Suburbs, Exurbs, And Rural Areas In The United States, Brian Edward Johnson, Jason Shifferd
Who Lives Where: A Comprehensive Population Taxonomy Of Cities, Suburbs, Exurbs, And Rural Areas In The United States, Brian Edward Johnson, Jason Shifferd
The Geographical Bulletin
This paper answers the question: how many Americans live in cities, suburbs, exurbs, and rural areas in the United States? Previous works have examined only one or some of these settlement types instead of accounting for the entire country’s population, or have employed highly technical classifications uncommon in common parlance. T his paper develops a comprehensive classification scheme using vernacular settlement types, then organizes U.S. Census data into the taxonomy presented here. This research contributes to the existing literature by (1) reporting the number and percentages living in all four major settlement types rather than covering only one or two …
Downy Woodpecker Habitat Suitability In Gourdneck State Game Area, Michigan, Emma Fojtik, Lisa M. Dechano-Cook
Downy Woodpecker Habitat Suitability In Gourdneck State Game Area, Michigan, Emma Fojtik, Lisa M. Dechano-Cook
The Geographical Bulletin
This study examines the habitat suitability for the downy woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) for a parcel of land in Gourdneck State Game Area (GSGA), Kalamazoo County, Michigan. Land within GSGA has undergone habitat restoration from forest and shrub to savanna and prairie, intentionally excluding two parcels. This study took place on one of the excluded parcels. We used the Habitat Suitability Index Model created by the Fish and Wildlife Service to determine suitability. We measured basal area and number of snags in 0.4 hectares to determine the food and reproduction life requisites that are the basis of the Habitat Suitability Index …
Volume 56-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell
Volume 56-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell
The Geographical Bulletin
Volume 56-2 Complete Issue
Growing Local Food Movements: Farmers’ Markets As Nodes For Products And Community, Martin Aucoin, Matthew Fry
Growing Local Food Movements: Farmers’ Markets As Nodes For Products And Community, Martin Aucoin, Matthew Fry
The Geographical Bulletin
Throughout the United States, there is a fast growing movement centered on locally produced food . Consumers, farmers, and farmers’ markets are central components of this local food movement . In this study, we examine the local food movement in the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex (DFW) and use farmers’ markets to understand DFW’s developing local food system and foodsheds . We also analyze how notions of place and community are manifest in DFW’s local food system . Research methods include interviews with farmers, customers, and farmers’ market coordinators and an analysis of the spatial distribution of three farmers’ market networks in …
Volume 56-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell
Volume 56-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell
The Geographical Bulletin
Volume 56-1 Complete Issue
Compassionately Hidden: The Church Telling Local Homeless To “Come To Our House”, Robert Oliver, Matthew Robinson, C. Theodore Koebel
Compassionately Hidden: The Church Telling Local Homeless To “Come To Our House”, Robert Oliver, Matthew Robinson, C. Theodore Koebel
The Geographical Bulletin
In early 2011, the To Our House (TOH) thermal shelter program opened its doors to homeless men in the New River Valley Area (NRV) of Virginia . The program was a grass roots response to the death of a wellknown local homeless man and the goal of the program is to provide winter shelter for single adult men by using rotating host sites at local churches . We highlight that in the NRV local churches have sought to remedy a socially unjust situation by providing shelter for men that was previously unavailable . We illustrate that faith-based outreach in the …
The Right To The City In The Informal Sector: Claiming Rights Or Gaining Access In Kampala, Uganda?, Matthew F. Pietrus
The Right To The City In The Informal Sector: Claiming Rights Or Gaining Access In Kampala, Uganda?, Matthew F. Pietrus
The Geographical Bulletin
In the developing world, the vast majority of urban poor have been marginalized from their cities, denying them what Henri Lefebvre called the right to the city . In response to this denial, many turn to the informal sector as a means to claim access to space and to the economy . However, using interviews from citizens participating in the informal sector in Kampala, Uganda, this paper argues that while the informal sector provides access to socioeconomic benefits (which is positive), it cannot guarantee them as rights because all activity taking place within it is unprotected and therefore easily and …
Member-Reported Benefits Of Three Alabama Educator-Focused Professional Organizations, Meredith L. C. Sides
Member-Reported Benefits Of Three Alabama Educator-Focused Professional Organizations, Meredith L. C. Sides
Journal of Educational Research and Practice
Professional organizations can play an important role in the lives and work of educators. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore Alabama educators’ experiences with membership in statewide professional organizations and to determine what benefits, if any, members feel their organizations provide them. Four main benefits that respondents identified were community, broadening of knowledge and practice, leadership opportunities, and personal growth.
A Review Of "Feminist Designer: On The Personal And The Political In Design", Camila Afanador-Llach
A Review Of "Feminist Designer: On The Personal And The Political In Design", Camila Afanador-Llach
Feminist Pedagogy
No abstract provided.
Book Review: The Trouble With White Women, Kristen Desjarlais-Deklerk
Book Review: The Trouble With White Women, Kristen Desjarlais-Deklerk
Feminist Pedagogy
No abstract provided.
Anti-Oppressive Pedagogy & Cultural Humility: An Intersectional Faculty Development, R. Danielle Scott, Elizabeth A. Harsma
Anti-Oppressive Pedagogy & Cultural Humility: An Intersectional Faculty Development, R. Danielle Scott, Elizabeth A. Harsma
Feminist Pedagogy
No abstract provided.
The Dildo Question: When Sex Positivity And Patriarchy Clash In The Classroom, Kate Maddalena
The Dildo Question: When Sex Positivity And Patriarchy Clash In The Classroom, Kate Maddalena
Feminist Pedagogy
This Critical Commentary describes how sex positivity can be a Trojan Horse for uncritical and toxic behavior in the classroom and suggests a pedagogical approach to help avoid the co-opting of sex positive ideologies for patriarchal power.
Lessons From A First Year Seminar: Teaching “Mean Girls” To Become “Nasty Women”, Elif S. Armbruster Phd
Lessons From A First Year Seminar: Teaching “Mean Girls” To Become “Nasty Women”, Elif S. Armbruster Phd
Feminist Pedagogy
This essay explores what happened in a First Year Seminar on "Nasty Women in American Literature" when a group of students, instead of embracing the strength and independence that the phrase "nasty woman" came to embody, turned into a group of "mean girls"--led by a "queen bee"--and dominated the course through alliance-building, gossip, and distraction. The Suffolk University English professor teaching the course explains the challenging environment that ensured and what she learned from the experience, enabling her to make important changes in her teaching of the course the following semester.
Interprofessional Collaboration As A Feminist Pedagogy: A Call For The Unsettling Of Care In Health Professions Education, Ivana Guarrasi, Rhonda Cornell, Sally Clemenson
Interprofessional Collaboration As A Feminist Pedagogy: A Call For The Unsettling Of Care In Health Professions Education, Ivana Guarrasi, Rhonda Cornell, Sally Clemenson
Feminist Pedagogy
No abstract provided.
College Students Learn How To “Take Action!” To Disrupt Racial Microaggressions, Justine N. Egan-Kunicki, Renee N. Saris-Baglama
College Students Learn How To “Take Action!” To Disrupt Racial Microaggressions, Justine N. Egan-Kunicki, Renee N. Saris-Baglama
Feminist Pedagogy
The topic of prejudice and discrimination may be addressed in a variety of disciplines. When these topics are discussed in the classroom, students may not recognize microaggressions as acts of explicit or implicit prejudice. We designed and evaluated an Apply and Take Action! assignment to help students recognize microaggressions and learn techniques to disrupt them. Students were asked to identify definitions, key terms, and examples of microaggressions and microinterventions, and apply this knowledge to address a hypothetical scenario. Students favorably evaluated and recommended the assignment’s use. This assignment may benefit students who are targets of microaggressions, as well as those …
Undergraduate Student Process Reflections On Utilizing Photovoice To Learn Principles Of Feminist Research, Rachel C. Ormsbee, Ashtyn Winchell, Jenny English, Allie Martian, Molly L. Craig, Nikki M. Michaels, Amanda Haab, Abigail Girardot, Lauren Winter, Penelope Reed, Clare J. Hendricks, Alison Gaarsland, Elizabeth H. D'Amico, Alysah K. Southworth, Lilyanna Blevins, Tricia Saam, Genevieve R. Cox
Undergraduate Student Process Reflections On Utilizing Photovoice To Learn Principles Of Feminist Research, Rachel C. Ormsbee, Ashtyn Winchell, Jenny English, Allie Martian, Molly L. Craig, Nikki M. Michaels, Amanda Haab, Abigail Girardot, Lauren Winter, Penelope Reed, Clare J. Hendricks, Alison Gaarsland, Elizabeth H. D'Amico, Alysah K. Southworth, Lilyanna Blevins, Tricia Saam, Genevieve R. Cox
Feminist Pedagogy
Photovoice is a qualitative research method often applied within participatory action research (PAR). Photovoice centers on the experiences and perspectives of its research participants, who capture photographs and develop narratives highlighting their communities’ strengths and concerns from their individual lens. Due to its connections with and development from feminist theories, Photovoice offers pedagogical potential in teaching feminist research principles. This article explores student process reflections on the application of Photovoice as a qualitative investigative method in an undergraduate capstone course where students act as the researchers. Integral to the course was the analysis of existing research, critical discussion, and Photovoice …
Dynamic Employee Emissions Management Controller, Tiziano Canovai, Esther Roure Vila, Marisol Palmero, Diane Mievis, Michael King
Dynamic Employee Emissions Management Controller, Tiziano Canovai, Esther Roure Vila, Marisol Palmero, Diane Mievis, Michael King
Defensive Publications Series
Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from the transport industry are critical in addressing global emissions. Employee commuting contributes significantly to emissions in the transportation industry (Scope 3 emissions). To overcome this issue, proposed herein is Dynamic Employee Emissions Management (DEEM), a system and method for dynamic urban mobility management in transportation networks, calculating emissions from employee commuting (under Scope 3, Category 7).
Youth Dignity Takings: How Book And Trans Bans Take Youth Property And Dignity, Sarah M. Camiscoli, Paige Duggins-Clay, Maryam Salmanova, Ibtihal Chamakh
Youth Dignity Takings: How Book And Trans Bans Take Youth Property And Dignity, Sarah M. Camiscoli, Paige Duggins-Clay, Maryam Salmanova, Ibtihal Chamakh
Loyola Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Interest Law
This article practices Participatory Law Scholarship and Movement Law to engage Marginalized and Mobilized Youth in legal scholarship and to elevate their resistance against book bans and trans bans. Together, we—a legal scholar-practitioner, frontline movement lawyer, Youth community legal worker, and law student-activist—make the positive claim that book bans and trans bans constitute a dignity taking—a state action that takes property from a marginalized group and dehumanizes and infantilizes that group in the process. Further, we make the normative claim that legal advocates committed to repairing the deprivations of these bans and bills must attend to both the material loss …
The Psychosocial Effect Of Video Games In A Hand Therapy Setting, Frank Arena, Rebecca King
The Psychosocial Effect Of Video Games In A Hand Therapy Setting, Frank Arena, Rebecca King
Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium
A project that analyzes the psychosocial effects of video games as an alternative to hand therapy interventions. This project addresses the barriers of financial investment, and space requirements. This project shows the effectiveness of video games as a short-term intervention method.
Adaptive Sports In Schools For Students With Disabilities From An Occupational Therapy Perspective, Tamara Harvey, Mary Jan Greer
Adaptive Sports In Schools For Students With Disabilities From An Occupational Therapy Perspective, Tamara Harvey, Mary Jan Greer
Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium
Children with disabilities do not have as many opportunities to participate in sports and leisure activities as their peers do, which may cause them to miss out on the benefits that participating in these activities offer. There are many barriers that children with disabilities and their parents face when seeking out adaptive sports activities especially in schools. This capstone project addressed some of these barriers. A needs assessment was conducted at an elementary school, which helped guide the development and implementation of the adaptive sports program, which is discussed in detail.
Addressing The Gap In Discharge Planning From A Skilled Nursing Facility, Yaqui Del Rio, Amy Lyons-Brown
Addressing The Gap In Discharge Planning From A Skilled Nursing Facility, Yaqui Del Rio, Amy Lyons-Brown
Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium
This project aims to improve health management in skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) by developing and implementing a comprehensive evaluation tool designed to assess patients' readiness for discharge. The tool addresses critical factors often overlooked during discharge planning, helping to identify areas where patients may feel unprepared or uncertain. By focusing on these areas, the project seeks to enhance patient outcomes and support effective health management.
Increasing Participation For Children With Special Needs, Calvin Shin, Amy Lyons-Brown
Increasing Participation For Children With Special Needs, Calvin Shin, Amy Lyons-Brown
Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium
This capstone project focuses on increasing participation for children with special needs through community engagement and social interactions. The purpose of this program is to explore the needs of children with special needs and increase participation of children within the community. The goal of this project is to increase participation in children with special needs, provide opportunities for children to feel more inclusive, promote meaningful relationships between peers, parents, and staff, and improve overall quality of life.
The Experience Of Pet Ownership In Transitional Housing, Kathryn Holden Ots, Susan Macdermott Otd, Otr/L
The Experience Of Pet Ownership In Transitional Housing, Kathryn Holden Ots, Susan Macdermott Otd, Otr/L
Summer 2024 OTD Capstone Symposium
25% of people experiencing homelessness have pets, but few transitional housing programs allow pets (Rhoades et al., 2015); therefore, there is a gap in the literature about the experience of pet ownership during the transitional housing process. This study aimed to explore pet owners' experiences at a transitional housing site in San Diego County. The student interviewed two current dog owners and four recent dog owners. All participants prioritized their pets because it was their strongest relationship. The prioritization of their dogs positively and negatively influenced occupational engagement. While receiving services, owners experienced consequences when separated from their dogs, including …
An Analysis Of Trends In The Use Of Animal And Non-Animal Methods In Biomedical Research And Toxicology Publications, Katy Taylor, Stephani Modi, Jarrod Bailey
An Analysis Of Trends In The Use Of Animal And Non-Animal Methods In Biomedical Research And Toxicology Publications, Katy Taylor, Stephani Modi, Jarrod Bailey
Non-Animal Methods and 3Rs
There have been relatively few attempts to quantitatively assess if, and in which areas, the use of non-animal methods (NAMs) is increasing in biomedical research and importantly, how this compares to the use of live animals. We found that proportionately the reliance on animals in these research areas is decreasing, which will be encouraging to those that support the replacement of animal experiments.