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Articles 15451 - 15480 of 204553
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Designing As Infrastructuring To Impact Policy, Joyce Yee, Nicholas Spencer, Margaret Anne Defeyter
Designing As Infrastructuring To Impact Policy, Joyce Yee, Nicholas Spencer, Margaret Anne Defeyter
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design for policy discourse is often focused on how design supports policy making in central government. And yet, there are other design practices that are contributing to policy development. We frame our work as designing for policy, design work that is happening outside formal policy space, aimed at impacting policy. This paper presents learnings based on a series of co-design interventions with young people in four English local authorities to a) design age-appropriate Holiday Activities and Food (HAF) programmes and b) impact national policy. In expanding what might be considered ‘design for policy’, we hope to draw attention to considerations …
Towards Just Futures: A Feminist Approach To Speculative Design For Policy Making, Sofie-Amalie Torp Dideriksen, Himanshu Verma, Nazli Cila, Dave Murray-Rust
Towards Just Futures: A Feminist Approach To Speculative Design For Policy Making, Sofie-Amalie Torp Dideriksen, Himanshu Verma, Nazli Cila, Dave Murray-Rust
DRS Biennial Conference Series
There is a call for more use of future-oriented design methods like speculative de-sign in developing policies. While these methods offer potential benefits in helping future-proof policies, they also run the risk of solidifying existing structures of pow-er if not applied critically. In this paper, we describe a case study examining smart doorbells in Amsterdam, where we created a speculative design exhibition grounded in feminist theory in order to challenge the existing power structures in the public domain. We then discuss the insights from our design process and the reaction the exhibition received in light of how feminist theory can …
How Maps Shape Information In Design Research: A Study Of Five Method Collections, Ilpo Koskinen, Martin Tomitsch
How Maps Shape Information In Design Research: A Study Of Five Method Collections, Ilpo Koskinen, Martin Tomitsch
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Maps have a rich history in design and design research. However, to date, their use and application have not been systematically studied. This paper proposes a model that classifies maps into four main types depending on how they help designers to visualize information: arranging entities on a plane, organizing content, synthesizing content and making sense. We use the model to systematically analyze and categorize maps from five design methods collections. Out of 399 methods in these collections, we identified 65 methods that were based on mapping. We found that the primary use of maps in design is to organize content …
Community Empowerment And Identity Assimilation: Social Innovation Design Practice Through Food Resources, Yuxin Wen, Peng Ji, Yuhang Jiang, Qiwen Chen, Han Meng
Community Empowerment And Identity Assimilation: Social Innovation Design Practice Through Food Resources, Yuxin Wen, Peng Ji, Yuhang Jiang, Qiwen Chen, Han Meng
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Food possesses inherent cultural attributes and serves as a natural medium of connection. This paper introduces a design project for social innovation using food resources: "From Tree to Table" (FTTT). The project is the product of a social innovation course at an art school and lasted for three months. The focus of the project is on the relationship between soft food sovereignty and community transformative change. The Peach Lake Community (PLC) is rich in ecological resources, and a government-level change resulted in differentiation within the community between indigenous residents and recent migrants. FTTT explores the possibility of using the seasonal …
Pluriversality On Earth And Beyond: Opening The Field Of Critical Interplanetary Design Within The Design Discipline, Juan Giusepe Montalvan Lume, Louis Amadeus Arteaga Benavides, Julio Cesar Corrales Ardiles, Camila Alexandra Vásquez Cerda, José Cornejo
Pluriversality On Earth And Beyond: Opening The Field Of Critical Interplanetary Design Within The Design Discipline, Juan Giusepe Montalvan Lume, Louis Amadeus Arteaga Benavides, Julio Cesar Corrales Ardiles, Camila Alexandra Vásquez Cerda, José Cornejo
DRS Biennial Conference Series
No abstract provided.
Spatial Justice In Design Research: A Transdisciplinary Discourse, Miriam Tedeschi, Jules Rochielle Sievert
Spatial Justice In Design Research: A Transdisciplinary Discourse, Miriam Tedeschi, Jules Rochielle Sievert
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Our research track, "Spatial Justice in Design Research: A Transdisciplinary Discourse," embarks on an in-depth exploration of spatial justice, interweaving its multifaceted elements with broader themes of social, racial, economic, and environmental justice. This comprehensive approach probes spatial justice through its tangible embodiments and digital manifestations, underlining its profound influence on resource allocation, opportunities, and service provision. With an ambitious goal to challenge systemic socio-economic imbalances, the track formulates tangible design interventions, incorporating policy reform, urban planning, and community empowerment. We foster a collaborative environment, inviting a spectrum of professionals - designers, technologists, researchers, legal advocates, and policymakers - to …
The Uses Of Enchantment: Playful Design Tools That Evoke ‘The Unsayable’ For Teenagers With Lived Experience Of Loneliness., Eloise Belladonna Day
The Uses Of Enchantment: Playful Design Tools That Evoke ‘The Unsayable’ For Teenagers With Lived Experience Of Loneliness., Eloise Belladonna Day
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This project introduces tools that involve teenagers, with relevant lived experiences, in co-creating a social-purpose advertising campaign as a way of meaningfully engaging young audiences. Many co-creation methods rely on direct, text-based, or individual spoken contribution methods. These disregard young people’s unconscious knowledges and collective ways of knowing. The research was conducted through ethnographic methods alongside semi-structured interviews with the participants of a co-created campaign workshop. The result is a suite of novel playful tools which generate collective insight and creative ideas by engaging teenagers’ collective, embodied and imaginative ways of knowing. The key concept of ‘enchantment’ is used to …
Customer-Centric Luxury Fashion Store Experiences: A Case Study Approach, Bethan Alexander, Holly Rose Thompson
Customer-Centric Luxury Fashion Store Experiences: A Case Study Approach, Bethan Alexander, Holly Rose Thompson
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper explores current approaches to customer-centric experiential strate-gies in a luxury fashion context, through an analysis of two UK luxury retailer case studies: Anya Hindmarch and MatchesFashion. While earlier studies have shown the importance of the physical luxury store, emphasis on customer experience (CX) and aspects related to service interactions that lead to pleasurable experi-ences remain nascent. Underpinned by interrelated theoretical constructs – cus-tomer experience, store atmospherics and retail design – and taking an explora-tory, qualitative approach (including documents, expert interviews and store ob-servation), the research promulgates the dimensions comprising customer-centric physical store experiences in luxury fashion. In doing …
Spatial Justice Through Immersive Art: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Asma Mehan, Sina Mostafavi
Spatial Justice Through Immersive Art: An Interdisciplinary Approach, Asma Mehan, Sina Mostafavi
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper explores spatial justice in urban environments through immersive art and design, focusing on Amsterdam and Houston. It presents a case study from the Venice Biennale 2023, showcasing art's potential in fostering inclusive urban spaces. The study delves into the socio-political complexities of urban areas, highlighting often-ignored liminal spaces and their tensions and possibilities. Immersive art emerges as a transformative medium, capable of challenging and reshaping perceptions of space and addressing systemic socio-economic disparities. Adopting a transdisciplinary approach, the research combines insights from various fields to enrich discussions on spatial justice and inspire urban transformation. By examining liminal spaces …
Spatial Distribution, Characterization, And Policy Opportunities For Taiwan's Solo Elderly: A Big Data Approach, Yu-Ta Lin, Wei-Chu Chen, Hsuan-Ta Yu, I-Ting Cho
Spatial Distribution, Characterization, And Policy Opportunities For Taiwan's Solo Elderly: A Big Data Approach, Yu-Ta Lin, Wei-Chu Chen, Hsuan-Ta Yu, I-Ting Cho
DRS Biennial Conference Series
As Taiwan approaches super-aging by 2025, this study uses the 2022 Ministry of the Interior database combined with geospatial analysis and machine learning to examine solo elderly demographical patterns and assess current "Community Care Stations." Findings: 1. Urban areas have higher aging and solo rates closer to city centers, while rural areas show the opposite pattern; 2. "Dual aging" (elderly and old houses) is common in metropolitan areas; 3. Solo elderly are predomi-nantly urban females, suburban males, often separated, widowed, or divorced, with fewer children or residing in different regions; 4. Both advantaged and dis-advantaged solo elderly are identified in …
Pluriversal Design As A Paradigm, Renata M. Leitao, Lesley-Ann Noel, Maria Rogal, Nicholas B. Torretta, Juan Montalvan, Sucharita Beniwal, Mariana Fonseca Braga, Dimeji Onafuwa, Maria Cristina Ibarra
Pluriversal Design As A Paradigm, Renata M. Leitao, Lesley-Ann Noel, Maria Rogal, Nicholas B. Torretta, Juan Montalvan, Sucharita Beniwal, Mariana Fonseca Braga, Dimeji Onafuwa, Maria Cristina Ibarra
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The concept of the Pluriverse refers to a world where many worlds fit. But what is pluriversal design? While it has been used as a synonym for initiatives around diversity, equity, and inclusion, this track argues that pluriversal frameworks represent a distinct paradigm — in contrast with the universal design paradigm. These two paradigms, while important in their own right, deal with diversity and plurality in fundamentally different ways. The term ‘universal’ is grounded in the belief that we all live in one single world, with one right (or “developed”) way to live, with a dominant narrative in which the …
Healing Our Designing: Practices Of Care For Human And More-Than-Human Relations, Marysol Ortega Pallanez
Healing Our Designing: Practices Of Care For Human And More-Than-Human Relations, Marysol Ortega Pallanez
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Ongoing socio-ecological damages stem from dominant design practices rooted in modernist, capitalist ideologies that exploit nature. If we, designers, aim to contribute to healing the web of life, our practices also need healing. Seeking an alternative paradigm to problem-driven design, this article narrates my journey to embrace a paradigm of relation-caring that encompasses humans and more-than-humans. Drawing upon experiences with fellow embroiderers in Hermosillo, Mexico, I present two everyday design practices that explore women-plant relations in the desert: 1) cultivating relationships by embroidery of memories, presents, and futures with plants; and 2) infusing diálogo de saberes (wisdom dialogues) with embodied …
Design Terroir: An Eco-Social, Relational, Bioregional Approach To Design, Adrien Rigobello, Joshua David Evans
Design Terroir: An Eco-Social, Relational, Bioregional Approach To Design, Adrien Rigobello, Joshua David Evans
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Design practices grounded in the modernist yearning for universalism have often been oblivious to forms of local knowledge, and the situated webs of relations, among humans and with other species, they emerge from. In response to the destructive effects of this inattention, growing research has established that ecology and society must be considered together to ensure fair and resilient development. Here, we develop the concept of ‘design terroir’ to describe existing forms of eco-social design and help designers theorise and realise work that contributes to a relational bioregionalist approach. To inform this description, we extend considerations within the food domain …
Fostering Pluriversal Perspectives In Theory Of Change: A Case Of An Urban Regeneration Project, Hadas Zohar, Luca Simeone, Nicola Morelli, Amalia De Götzen
Fostering Pluriversal Perspectives In Theory Of Change: A Case Of An Urban Regeneration Project, Hadas Zohar, Luca Simeone, Nicola Morelli, Amalia De Götzen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper chronicles how we used a Theory of Change visual map to support pluriversal perspectives in urban regeneration projects. The map was tested in four cities under regeneration as part of the T-Factor project. Unlike most Theory of Change maps, it supported city stakeholders in three main aspects: 1) planning interventions to operate within multiple time horizons, 2) considering multiple actors, both human and non-human, in the decision-making process, and 3) reflecting on planned interventions to ensure a long-term impact beyond project scope. In addition, the Theory of Change map led towards a new approach for portfolio-based interventions in …
Play Design: Initiating Transformation Through Imagination, Helle Marie Skovbjerg, Sofie Kinch, Sune Gudiksen, Shanti Sumartojo, Lisa Grocott, Colleen Macklin
Play Design: Initiating Transformation Through Imagination, Helle Marie Skovbjerg, Sofie Kinch, Sune Gudiksen, Shanti Sumartojo, Lisa Grocott, Colleen Macklin
DRS Biennial Conference Series
There is a growing interest in the new design field, play design. By applying qualities from play, play design can help create opportunities to meet an unknown future with curiosity, empowering designers to make decisions and to keep a shared hope. As a fundamental aspect of human existence, play has been a source of expression, social interaction, and transformative growth across various cultures for thousands of years. Play design can connect and transform us to keep imagining and reimagining the future - together. In this theme track we explore the transformative power of play and how play design and designers …
Co-Creating Pluralistic Futures: A Systematic Literature Review On Participatory Speculative Design, Yingfei Ye, Duoduo Zhang
Co-Creating Pluralistic Futures: A Systematic Literature Review On Participatory Speculative Design, Yingfei Ye, Duoduo Zhang
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In an increasingly uncertain future context, participatory speculative design be-come a future probe for exploring complex socio-technical issues and a diverse world. Compared to speculative design, the focus of participatory speculative de-sign shifts from artifacts to process, empowering the public through multi-stakeholder participation. Building upon future prototypes and scenarios, partic-ipants and designers co-create potential pluralistic futures, and democratize im-agination. This paper, based on a literature review of recent research in this field, outlines three practical pathways of participatory speculative design, which are characterized as "technical speculation," "social speculation," and "integrated speculation," along with seven participatory methods that can be used …
Enabling Regenerative Transitions: What Can Design Offer?, Michelle Alina Miller, Alexander Baumber
Enabling Regenerative Transitions: What Can Design Offer?, Michelle Alina Miller, Alexander Baumber
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Transition design first emerged as a provocation to designers to apply design theory and practice to enable societal transitions, including transitions toward sustainability. This raises questions around the roles that transition design can play in sustainability transitions and the specific capabilities that designers can draw on. This paper seeks to answer these questions via a transition design case study project in agricultural sustainability. Specifically, the project focuses on the growing interest in regenerative agriculture in New South Wales, Australia from 2017 through 2023. Within the case study, the researcher as designer-practitioner works as a change agent, taking part in collaborative …
Delinking Design: Decolonialidad & Transmodernidad In Future Design Education In Abya Yala, Ricardo Sosa
Delinking Design: Decolonialidad & Transmodernidad In Future Design Education In Abya Yala, Ricardo Sosa
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The work presented here interrogates the future of design education by presenting the early development of a new curriculum in a small rural university in the P´urhepécha region, Mexico. The new undergraduate program is created drawing from the literature on decoloniality and transmodernity to reimagine design education. The interplay between this early work and a systematic inquiry of coloniality leads to new ways of thinking about design education and design at large in this context. This work contributes to a South-South dialogue seeking to undo coloniality in creative pedagogical practices and to reimagine what it means to design and to …
Gender Code – A Narrative Ethical Glance At Women Developers In Finnish Information Technology, Aila Johanna Kronqvist, Rebekah Rousi
Gender Code – A Narrative Ethical Glance At Women Developers In Finnish Information Technology, Aila Johanna Kronqvist, Rebekah Rousi
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The Information Technology (IT) sector is the current Athens of all industry. It is no longer geeky, but chic, defining the modes and limits of modern civilization. IT in its numerous forms provides the vehicle of expression and citizenship in contemporary times. While more women designers and developers enter the field are they experienc-ing a stronger sense of equality? This paper reports a narrative inquiry that probed the experiences of women professionals in the IT field. Particular attention was placed on how females entered the field, the roles and tasks that they often found themselves undertaking, and social factors in …
Critical Service Design For Government Innovation, Lara Salinas, Laura Yarrow, Marion Lagedamont
Critical Service Design For Government Innovation, Lara Salinas, Laura Yarrow, Marion Lagedamont
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper contributes to the discussion on the roles and pedagogy of design, based on a case study of collaboration between government and academia. The authors are design practice researchers and civil servants and present a collaborative case study from Spring 2023 that aimed at developing anticipatory innovation capability in the UK’s Government Digital Service, involving postgraduate service design students and exploring critical service design (Salinas, 2022, 2023) as an alternative way of contributing to the formulation of public policies and services. The collaboration led to new competencies in public design for those involved and resulted in the creation of …
Accessible Food Networks: Case Studies’ Insights For Impacting Systemic And Socio-Cultural Transformations Of University Campuses As Urban Players., Davide Fassi, Annalinda De Rosa, Irene Bassi
Accessible Food Networks: Case Studies’ Insights For Impacting Systemic And Socio-Cultural Transformations Of University Campuses As Urban Players., Davide Fassi, Annalinda De Rosa, Irene Bassi
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In recent decades, there has been a growing momentum in adopting public and private food procurement initiatives as policy instruments to improve the quality and affordability of the food provided in public and private sectors to reach so-cial and environmental sustainability. This includes logistics, service innovation and multi-stakeholder involvement in designing solutions. This paper examines the influence of food systems on facilitating future systemic transition in urban neighbourhoods and peri-urban areas. It does so by analysing case studies and building upon the objectives of an ongoing national research project that will test alternative food networks on university campuses. The article …
Designing From The Plants' Perspective. A Field Case Study In Urban Forest Of “La Goccia”, Francesco Vergani, Fabio Di Liberto
Designing From The Plants' Perspective. A Field Case Study In Urban Forest Of “La Goccia”, Francesco Vergani, Fabio Di Liberto
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Designing by engaging more-than-human agents such as plants is a complex chal-lenge, as they have long been regarded as "ontologically inferior" resources pri-marily serving human needs. Emerging studies in the field of Plant Neurobiology are now breaking down knowledge barriers, gathering extraordinary data that recognize plant actions and behaviors guided by a distinct form of intelligence. Considering this breakthrough findings, this paper describes a 10-day workshop involving 52 international design students from Politecnico di Milano University that focused on experiencing plants in a former industrial area within the city borders. Through the years, this area has gone from desolation to …
Sensemaking About Power In Anti-Oppressive Design Practice, Jessica Meharry
Sensemaking About Power In Anti-Oppressive Design Practice, Jessica Meharry
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The concept of power can be an effective discursive tool to wield when designing against oppression and designing for joy, desire, and flourishing. While power is a critical concept in oppression, it is underdeveloped in most design methods and practices. This paper makes the case that designers interested in social justice can explore dimensions of power to uncover and redirect bias and inequities in both design processes and outcomes. I summarize the conceptual debates about power's meaning and survey how designers are currently engaging with the concept. I then offer a loose anti-oppressive framework for sensemaking around power in professional …
Experiential Futures Through Immersive Design Fiction, Joshua Robin Mcveigh-Schultz
Experiential Futures Through Immersive Design Fiction, Joshua Robin Mcveigh-Schultz
DRS Biennial Conference Series
A key political challenge of addressing climate change has been that, despite its deep involvement with so many aspects of our society, its threat can at times feel abstracted from our daily lives— a gap futurists lament as the “experiential gulf” between our ability to imagine the future and our capacity to experience it. Immersive Design Fiction Experiences (IDFEs) use virtual reality as a way of bridging this experiential gulf by positioning participants as embodied subjects within a virtual storyworld. With IDFEs designers can explore a rich palette of experiential phenomena—such as speculative social rituals, embodied interactions with objects, and …
The Space Between Procedural And Situated Ethics: Reflecting On The Use Of Existing Materials In Design Research On Children Affected By Stroke, Pleuntje Jellema, Piet Tutenel, Birgit Moser, Anne-Sophie Schoss, Maja Kevdzija, Andrea Jelić, Ann Heylighen
The Space Between Procedural And Situated Ethics: Reflecting On The Use Of Existing Materials In Design Research On Children Affected By Stroke, Pleuntje Jellema, Piet Tutenel, Birgit Moser, Anne-Sophie Schoss, Maja Kevdzija, Andrea Jelić, Ann Heylighen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
Conducting design research in hard-to-enter care environments with children affected by stroke poses important ethical questions. Research focuses on procedural ethics or on situated ethics, emphasizing a hard-cut between research practices be-fore and during fieldwork. This paper explores this duality through an investigation of publicly available existing materials (i.e., biographies and YouTube videos). What was intended as a preparatory step before ‘entering the field’ becomes the primary way to better understand the role of the built environment in everyday lives of families affected by childhood stroke. In this paper we reflect on the shared space the investigation creates within a …
Tapestries Of Trust: Using Interdisciplinary Design Research To Weave In Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives In The Public Sector, Bhuvana Sekar, Uttishta Sreerama Varanasi, Rūta Šerpytytė, Viivi Eskelinen
Tapestries Of Trust: Using Interdisciplinary Design Research To Weave In Multi-Stakeholder Perspectives In The Public Sector, Bhuvana Sekar, Uttishta Sreerama Varanasi, Rūta Šerpytytė, Viivi Eskelinen
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In complex contexts involving stakeholders including public sector actors and vulnerable groups, design can help in untangling disciplinary perspectives and translating research to create shared knowledge. This paper explores the role of design research in understanding trust between civil servants and migrants in Espoo. Employing a multi-method qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews, ethnographic studies and participatory workshops to investigate the diverse dimensions of trust. Through this paper, we aim to demonstrate the value of methodological diversity in translating research findings into actionable outcomes and influencing collaborative, interdisciplinary knowledge creation. We examine the suitability of the used methods in terms …
Paradigm Shifts In Research Assessment For Scientific Publishing: Emerging Models In A Pluriverse Perspectivs, Lorela Mehmeti, Elena Maria Formia, Eleonora Lupo
Paradigm Shifts In Research Assessment For Scientific Publishing: Emerging Models In A Pluriverse Perspectivs, Lorela Mehmeti, Elena Maria Formia, Eleonora Lupo
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In the realm of design, research publication undergoes a transformative shift in evaluation and emerging forms that prompt investigation into the distortive impact of the current assessment framework on publication diversity. The complexity of assessing research quality within institutional frameworks and career metrics hinders innovation, and globally, debates on impact factors drive a shift to qualitative, responsible evaluation. The article explores how collaborative methodologies enable new assessment practices for design communities in the Global South, challenging Western-centric peer-review norms to adopt a more pluriversal perspective. It includes an introduction problematising the status of publication assessment in the general scientific domain. …
Significance Of Everyday Group Conversations In Defin-Ing Design Problems: Affordances Of Group Chat Room For Discursivity In Design Process, Jen Yoohyun Lee
Significance Of Everyday Group Conversations In Defin-Ing Design Problems: Affordances Of Group Chat Room For Discursivity In Design Process, Jen Yoohyun Lee
DRS Biennial Conference Series
This paper explores the ongoing and nonlinear nature of everyday group conversations afforded by a mobile messaging app. Understanding such interactions can facilitate the awareness of different viewpoints and the emergence of group decisions on elucidating design problems. The exploration is done by analyzing stakeholders' group chat conversations through the lens of small stories, which acknowledges overlooked aspects of everyday communication. Communicative interactions are increasingly relevant to participatory processes of coordinating knowledge, needs, and goals among multiple stakeholders in designing. Meanwhile, communication in goal-oriented workshops and interviews aims for an effective sense-making process and compels the definition of problem and …
The Heritage Language And Graphic Landscape Of London's Chinatown, Robert George Harland, Angelina Hang Pan, Alison Barnes
The Heritage Language And Graphic Landscape Of London's Chinatown, Robert George Harland, Angelina Hang Pan, Alison Barnes
DRS Biennial Conference Series
The preservation of minority heritage through language is widely recognised as an important means for safeguarding ethnic identity within multicultural settings. This paper investigates the visibility of "heritage language" through the lens of graphic heritage within the distinctive ethnic enclave of London's Chinatown. Located in the City of Westminster, Chinese identity is officially designated on street nameplates that demarcate geographic boundaries as well as depict a shift in the cultural influence of this migrant community. In this study, the visual analysis of 209 retail signs displays 313 instances of language. The research findings indicate the extent of retention of heritage …
Vovousa 2048: A Design Fiction Workshop Imagining The Future In A Rural And Remote Area In Greece, Costas Bissas
Vovousa 2048: A Design Fiction Workshop Imagining The Future In A Rural And Remote Area In Greece, Costas Bissas
DRS Biennial Conference Series
In July 2023, the author carried out a design fiction workshop over a 4-day span in Vovousa, a village of 132 inhabitants by the banks of the wild river Aoos/Vjosa, in the heart of the Pindus range, in the area of Epirus, Greece. In a location with a history of tensions regarding the creation of hydroelectric dams, the workshop participants were invited as a group to consider and discuss different scenarios for the future of the settlement, set in the year 2048. As a group, they publicly presented artefacts from one selected future with the discussions following indicating that the …