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A Tale Of Two Clubs: A Data Driven Comparison Of Manchester United And Manchester City In The Post-Ferguson Era, Miguel R. Jackson Jan 2025

A Tale Of Two Clubs: A Data Driven Comparison Of Manchester United And Manchester City In The Post-Ferguson Era, Miguel R. Jackson

Theses and Dissertations

The following thesis seeks to present a data driven comparison between Manchester United and Manchester City in the years following the retirement of Sir Alex Ferguson. It focuses on performance metrics, tactical evolution, strategic decision making and financial metrics as well. The research will show the contrast these two clubs have headed on and showing Manchester City dominance under stable and consistent leadership and strategic policies that is in stark contrast to Manchester United which has undergone several managerial changes leading to inconsistencies in performance and strategy. By analyzing key metrics like goals scored, goals scored per game, possession, passing …


Neither Without Both: Confronting Oppression And Trauma In Universities – Community Rhetorics Toward Abolitionist Critical Literacy Practices, Jennifer Lebowitz Patel Jan 2025

Neither Without Both: Confronting Oppression And Trauma In Universities – Community Rhetorics Toward Abolitionist Critical Literacy Practices, Jennifer Lebowitz Patel

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores pathways to addressing student suffering at the intersection of mental health and academic performance in Higher Education. I argue that Learning Specialist roles offer spaces to practice trauma-informed, anti-oppression approaches to academic support through liberatory, healing rhetorical and literacy practices. This study uses James Berlin’s theory of social epistemic rhetoric and bell hooks’ concept of theory as liberatory praxis to perform rhetorical analyses of the foundational texts guiding specific anti-oppression and/or mental health recovery organizations. By identifying rhetorical strategies in grassroots community organizations' texts, this project yields implications for naming and practicing a critical literacy framework I …


Historical Literacy For Preservice Secondary Social Studies Teachers In The State Of Connecticut: A Phenomenological Study, Vincent J. Gaccione Iii Jan 2025

Historical Literacy For Preservice Secondary Social Studies Teachers In The State Of Connecticut: A Phenomenological Study, Vincent J. Gaccione Iii

Theses and Dissertations

Despite a recent shift in focus from content area literacy to disciplinary literacy in preservice teacher (PST) preparation programs, historical literacies training for prospective secondary social studies teachers has remained limited in the State of Connecticut. Historical literacies are defined as the discipline-specific reading and writing skills of historians and other social scientists. In this phenomenological study, I describe the lived experiences of several recent PST program graduates who are currently teaching secondary social studies in the State of Connecticut and report on the essence of this phenomenon. Grounded in communities of practice (CoP) theory, I administered open-ended qualitative surveys …


Hyper Segregation And Poverty: An Examination Of The Historical Forces That Shape The Academic Self-Concept Of African-American High School Students 1900 To 2000, David Byer-Tyre Jan 2025

Hyper Segregation And Poverty: An Examination Of The Historical Forces That Shape The Academic Self-Concept Of African-American High School Students 1900 To 2000, David Byer-Tyre

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this historical qualitative study was to identify the historical consequences of segregation, racism, and poverty on African Americans residents of Hempstead Long Island, and how these phenomena shaped contemporary Black students’ academic self-concepts. Among the issues that purportedly afflict American public education are the low academic achievements of African-American students in what might be termed “inner suburban” schools. The history of how Black communities and school were created and sustained was examined through a historical review of Black education in America, and a comparative analysis of the oral histories of fourteen graduates of Hempstead High school between …


Pervasive Sensing To Correlate Vehicle Driving Behavior With City-Scale Traffic Dynamics, Debasree Das, Shameek Bhattacharjee, Sandip Chakraborty, Bivas Mitra, Sajal K. Das Jan 2025

Pervasive Sensing To Correlate Vehicle Driving Behavior With City-Scale Traffic Dynamics, Debasree Das, Shameek Bhattacharjee, Sandip Chakraborty, Bivas Mitra, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Individual driving behavior is a pivotal element that shapes the overall traffic dynamics in a city. In this work, we study and analyze the complex web of relationships between individual driving behaviors and their impact on the overall traffic dynamics of a smart city with two primary objectives: first, understanding the spatial interaction between individual vehicles and their impact on each other, and second, finding anomalous driving behaviors, which lead to congestion and traffic incidents. Specifically, we introduce an overarching modular framework investigating human factors of driver characteristics, vehicle attributes, geographical terrain surrounding the road infrastructure, and environmental conditions. Analyzing …


Assessing Older Adults’ Readiness For Adopting Fall Prevention Recommendations Using The Transtheoretical Stages Of Change, Janice Mark, Ankita Henry, Briana Moreland, Dawson Dobash, Gwendolyn Bergen Jan 2025

Assessing Older Adults’ Readiness For Adopting Fall Prevention Recommendations Using The Transtheoretical Stages Of Change, Janice Mark, Ankita Henry, Briana Moreland, Dawson Dobash, Gwendolyn Bergen

Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives: Reducing fall risk requires older adults (age 65+) to adopt effective prevention strategies. This study has three aims: 1) understand Stage of Change (SOC) for three fall prevention strategies; 2) determine strategies older adults’ use; and 3) understand which characteristics relate to readiness to take action.

Methods: A survey of 1063 older adults assessed fall risk, SOC, and use of fall prevention strategies. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

Results: The most common SOC for older adults by strategy was action for overall fall prevention (61%), contemplation for medication management (45%) and preparation and …


Examining The Relationship Between Teen Pregnancy And Educational Outcomes In Ohio, Andrea Szep, Maryyam Durrani Jan 2025

Examining The Relationship Between Teen Pregnancy And Educational Outcomes In Ohio, Andrea Szep, Maryyam Durrani

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between educational outcomes,school funding, and teen birth rates in Ohio counties between 2020 and 2024. Methods: Usingdata from County Health Rankings, we performed regression, correlation, and paired t-testanalyses through the SPSS software. Results: The results of our tests showed significantnegative correlations between markers of educational success, including high school graduationrates math and reading standardized test scores, and teen birth rates in both 2020 and 2024.Between 2020 and 2024, the teen birth rate decreased in the state of Ohio, and in 2024, publicschool funding was able to predict 14.8% of …


Perceptions Of Fidelity, Urgency, And Challenges In Dei Implementation: Insights From Long Island Teacher Union Presidents, Shirley M. Pincay Jan 2025

Perceptions Of Fidelity, Urgency, And Challenges In Dei Implementation: Insights From Long Island Teacher Union Presidents, Shirley M. Pincay

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

This study examines the fidelity, urgency, and challenges of implementing the Culturally Responsive-Sustaining Education (CR-SE) Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Framework as the NYSED DEI policy in Long Island public school districts. The New York State Board of Regents developed the CR-SE and DEI Framework to promote inclusivity and cultural awareness in educational settings, encouraging districts to adopt practices that affirm and support students from diverse backgrounds. Using a qualitative approach, incorporating a survey and a virtual semi-structured interview, data was collected from Teacher Union Presidents across various Long Island school districts. Key variables included levels of urgency and fidelity …


Has The Iasb Successfully Achieved Its Stated Goals? A Literature Synthesis And Theoretical Model, Stephen B. Salter, Hong Kim Duong, Gaurav Gupta Jan 2025

Has The Iasb Successfully Achieved Its Stated Goals? A Literature Synthesis And Theoretical Model, Stephen B. Salter, Hong Kim Duong, Gaurav Gupta

Accounting Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) has been successful in achieving its stated objective of enhancing the comparability of financial reports produced across the globe. According to IFRS.org, "IFRS Accounting Standards bring transparency by enhancing the international comparability and quality of financial information, enabling investors and other market participants to make informed economic decisions." To meet our research objective, we summarize the research on international financial reporting standards (IFRS) found in seven relevant ABDC A and A* journals for 2016-2021. Based on the examination of published research, we create a model …


Introduction, In Children And Violence: Agency, Experience, And Representation In And Beyond Armed Conflict (Christelle Molima Bameka Et Al. Eds., 2025), Christelle Molima Bameka, Mohamed Kamara, Mark A. Drumbl Jan 2025

Introduction, In Children And Violence: Agency, Experience, And Representation In And Beyond Armed Conflict (Christelle Molima Bameka Et Al. Eds., 2025), Christelle Molima Bameka, Mohamed Kamara, Mark A. Drumbl

Books and Chapters

This multi-disciplinary volume provides an innovative approach to children and violence, looking beyond the existing literature that focuses on child soldiers in the ‘Global South.’

Harnessing expert contributions from over a dozen countries, the book examines the relationship between children and violence, with a focus on children ensnared in military conflict, embroiled in criminal gangs, and enmeshed in political activism. It analyses how children join fights, how they fight, and what happens to them after fighting officially ends. It addresses cutting- edge issues such as cyberwars, self-defence, intergenerational trauma, gender fluidity, racism and state surveillance. Throughout, the book underscores the …


Fp-25-20 Geographic Variation In The Prevalence Of Same-Sex And Different-Sex Married And Cohabiting Couples, 2019-2023, Christopher A. Julian, Krista K. Westrick-Payne, Wendy D. Manning Jan 2025

Fp-25-20 Geographic Variation In The Prevalence Of Same-Sex And Different-Sex Married And Cohabiting Couples, 2019-2023, Christopher A. Julian, Krista K. Westrick-Payne, Wendy D. Manning

National Center for Family and Marriage Research Family Profiles

No abstract provided.


Litigating Landlessness: The U.S. Department Of The Interior And First Circuit Court’S Appropriations Of Self-Governance And Socialism In Puerto Rico, 1934-52, Carmen Lopez Villamil Jan 2025

Litigating Landlessness: The U.S. Department Of The Interior And First Circuit Court’S Appropriations Of Self-Governance And Socialism In Puerto Rico, 1934-52, Carmen Lopez Villamil

Kaplan Senior Essay Prize for Use of Library Special Collections

In 1946, three Boston judges decided that the Puerto Rican legislature could redistribute American-owned sugar plantations to workers. Though deemed legal, the redistribution never happened. The unreported 1946 land rights case, People of Puerto Rico v. Eastern Sugar Associates, entangles how self-proclaimed socialist and anti-colonialist officials at the Department of the Interior administered a New Deal empire across Indigenous and island territories. In conjunction with the Department of the Interior’s published reports and Felix S. Cohen’s Papers at the Yale Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, case files from the Boston First Circuit Library reveal engagement between federal and military …


Ms Environmental Biology Capstone: Evaluating Environmental Risks And Conflicts In Golf Course Landscapes, Meredith Boos Jan 2025

Ms Environmental Biology Capstone: Evaluating Environmental Risks And Conflicts In Golf Course Landscapes, Meredith Boos

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

1) This review investigates the relationship between pesticide use on golf courses and in agriculture to determine whether the adverse health effects documented in agricultural settings also apply to golf course environments. While the negative health effects from agricultural pesticide use are well established, golf courses use pesticides with greater frequency and intensity, suggesting a potentially higher exposure risk for both workers and players.

2) This study proposes methods to quantify pesticide bioaccumulation on golf courses and adjacent lands. We hypothesize that areas surrounding golf courses will exhibit a spatial gradient of pesticide accumulation, increasing with proximity to treated sites …


From Accountability To Algorithms: Interorganizational Learning And The Transformation Of Quantification In Education, Jose Eos R. Trinidad Jan 2025

From Accountability To Algorithms: Interorganizational Learning And The Transformation Of Quantification In Education, Jose Eos R. Trinidad

Interdisciplinary Studies Faculty Publications

While studies often explore the intended and unintended consequences of technologies, few have theorized how and why they change. One crucial transformation in quantitative technologies is the shift from evaluative accountability to predictive algorithms, such as in schools that use dropout prediction systems. Using the case of ninth-grade early warning indicators, I argue that the transformation of quantification resulted from interorganizational learning, or the acquisition of new knowledge through the interaction of different organizations. In particular, I show how technology changes gradually from organization-level evaluation to individual-based prediction to systems-focused improvement. Pivotal to such changes were new forms of knowledge …


Scrutinizing Succession, Carrie Stanton Jan 2025

Scrutinizing Succession, Carrie Stanton

Scholarly Articles

Businesses are at their most vulnerable during leadership transitions. Lack of succession planning has been recognized as a key risk factor, especially for closely held, family-owned businesses, but the problem is more extensive. Even public corporations with supposedly independent boards of directors too often fail to separate the corporation’s interests from those of charismatic leaders who enjoy the perquisites of control and may be loath to surrender it. Shareholders trust directors to manage business affairs, and ensuring leadership continuity is critical to this charge. Yet succession often remains overlooked in practice. It also remains understudied in the literature, and state …


Burnout In The Emergency Room: Corrective Measures Vs. The Absence Of Solutions, Zane Walters, Zachary Woodall Jan 2025

Burnout In The Emergency Room: Corrective Measures Vs. The Absence Of Solutions, Zane Walters, Zachary Woodall

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Physician burnout has become an increasingly prevalent and critical issue in healthcare systems worldwide, particularly among emergency room physicians who face high-stress, high-demand working conditions. Burnout manifests as emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment, leading to negative outcomes for physicians’ mental health, job satisfaction, and overall career longevity. This phenomenon not only threatens the well-being of physicians but also compromises patient care quality and contributes to costly turnover within healthcare organizations.

Purpose of the Study: The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the impact of burnout interventions on emergency room physicians. …


Online Dating Experiences And Body Dissatisfaction Among Transgender And Gender Nonconforming Individuals: A Qualitative Study, Luciano Caprio M.S. Jan 2025

Online Dating Experiences And Body Dissatisfaction Among Transgender And Gender Nonconforming Individuals: A Qualitative Study, Luciano Caprio M.S.

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

Through the evolution of online dating applications, individuals are able to form interpersonal connections with one another at a rapid pace. The effects of such communications can hold both protective and risk factors within the LGBTQ+ community. Previous research suggests that lesbians, gay, and bisexuals who have experienced weight discrimination, particularly fatphobic and anti-fat attitudes, while utilizing these online dating platforms, have increased body dissatisfaction. However, there is minimal research focusing on the implications of discrimination, body dissatisfaction, and the usage of online dating platforms in the transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) community. This qualitative study explored the experiences of …


Discovering Stories That Matter: Exploring Appreciative Inquiry’S Strengths-Based Storytelling Technique To Complement Program Monitoring In Ngos, Khanyisa Manzini Jan 2025

Discovering Stories That Matter: Exploring Appreciative Inquiry’S Strengths-Based Storytelling Technique To Complement Program Monitoring In Ngos, Khanyisa Manzini

Community Engagement Student Work

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are essential entities in responding to complex global challenges, including social, economic, political, environmental, and health-related issues. While significant research has focused on evaluating the performance of NGO programs, comparatively little attention has been paid to the lived experiences of NGO staff—particularly how they navigate and find meaning in their work, especially during times of uncertainty and change. This capstone addresses this gap by designing a strengths-based storytelling workshop aimed at developing NGO staff’s narrative capacity. Grounded in the framework of Appreciative Inquiry (AI) and narrative theory, the workshop explores how storytelling can serve as a human-centered …


Overture: Dj Methodology: Resounding The Past, Paul Db Watkins Jan 2025

Overture: Dj Methodology: Resounding The Past, Paul Db Watkins

WLU Press Books

"Overture: DJ Methodology: Resounding the Past" is the introductory chapter to Soundin' Canaan: Black Canadian Poetry, Music, and Citizenship by Paul db Watkins.

Part exploration of a key group of Black Canadian poets, part literary, cultural, and musical history, Soundin’ Canaan demonstrates how music in Black Canadian poetry is not solely aesthetic, but a form of social, ethical, and political expression.

Soundin' Canaan refers to the code name often used for Canada during the Black migration to Canada. The book analyzes the contributions of key Black Canadian poets, including their poetic styles and their performances. The book has several key …


2024 Celebration Of Faculty Scholars Condensed Program, University Of Northern Colorado Libraries Jan 2025

2024 Celebration Of Faculty Scholars Condensed Program, University Of Northern Colorado Libraries

Celebration of Faculty Scholars

The Office of the Provost, the Office of Research and Sponsored Programs, and University Libraries are proud to host the fourth annual Celebration of Faculty Scholars. This year, we recognize the achievements of 272 faculty, who have contributed over 1,000 publications, presentations, and creative works, and secured more than $6,000,000 in grant funding in 2024.


Devising Optimized Maize Nitrogen Stress Indices In Complex Field Conditions From Uav Hyperspectral Imagery, Jiating Li, Yufeng Ge, Laila A. Puntel, Derek M. Heeren, Geng Bai, Guillermo R. Balboa, John A. Gamon, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Yeyin Shi Jan 2025

Devising Optimized Maize Nitrogen Stress Indices In Complex Field Conditions From Uav Hyperspectral Imagery, Jiating Li, Yufeng Ge, Laila A. Puntel, Derek M. Heeren, Geng Bai, Guillermo R. Balboa, John A. Gamon, Timothy J. Arkebauer, Yeyin Shi

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI) is an important nitrogen (N) stress indicator for precision N management. It is usually calculated using variables such as leaf chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD) and vegetation indices (VIs). However, no consensus has been reached on the most preferred variable. Additionally, conventional NSI (NSIuni) calculation assumes N being the sole yield-limiting factor, neglecting other factors such as soil water variability. To tackle these issues, this study compared various variables for NSI calculation and evaluated two new N stress indicators in minimizing the impact of confounding water treatment. The following ground- and aerial-derived variables were compared …


Assessing The Impact Of Financial, Educational, And Managerial Resources On The Success Of Minority-Owned Businesses: An Analysis Of Resources From The Perspective Of The Minority Business Owner, Clinton B. Arnold Jan 2025

Assessing The Impact Of Financial, Educational, And Managerial Resources On The Success Of Minority-Owned Businesses: An Analysis Of Resources From The Perspective Of The Minority Business Owner, Clinton B. Arnold

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Minority-owned businesses (MOBs) in the United States have a failure rate that is 50% higher than that of their non-minority counterparts. Rectifying this imbalance and achieving parity could yield significant economic benefits, potentially adding $1.5 trillion to the nation's economy if resources—financial, educational, and managerial—are equitably distributed and effectively made available to support the goals of minority businesses. However, historical injustices, from Jim Crow laws to systemic discrimination, have granted certain groups multi-generational advantages, exacerbating the divide. Addressing these disparities is both an economic imperative and a moral obligation to ensure equal opportunity. Lending Tree (2023)

With 1.2 million MOBs …


Beyond The Screen: Assessing The Impact Of Hospitalist Reliance On Electronic Medical Records In Patient-Centered Care, Brian H. Cox Jan 2025

Beyond The Screen: Assessing The Impact Of Hospitalist Reliance On Electronic Medical Records In Patient-Centered Care, Brian H. Cox

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The integration of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems has transformed healthcare delivery, offering enhanced data accessibility, improved communication, and operational efficiency. However, concerns persist regarding the potential erosion of patient-centered care due to EMR overutilization. This study investigated how hospitalists’ use of EMR systems correlates with patient satisfaction, focusing on the dynamics of physician communication, hospital length of stay, and regional characteristics. Using a comprehensive framework combining Resource Dependency Theory and Donabedian’s Structure-Process-Outcome model, the research examines the influence of demographic, technological, and structural factors on healthcare outcomes.

The analysis, based on patient survey data from a large integrated delivery …


Undergraduate Catalog Of Studies, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville Jan 2025

Undergraduate Catalog Of Studies, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville

Undergraduate Catalog of Studies

No abstract provided.


Seventh Us Cavalry Base Ball In Kansas, 1868–1870, Revised, Mark E. Eberle Jan 2025

Seventh Us Cavalry Base Ball In Kansas, 1868–1870, Revised, Mark E. Eberle

Monographs

From 1868 through 1870, the Seventh US Cavalry and other military units played baseball in Kansas at their various posts and in the field. Details of several games were reported in local newspapers, as well as the New York Clipper. The Seventh Cavalry clubs, most notably Captain Frederick Benteen’s Company H, continued to play through 1875 while stationed in the South and the Dakota Territory, before the regiment was decimated at the Battle of Little Bighorn (Greasy Grass) in 1876. This essay focuses on the Seventh Cavalry’s baseball experiences in Kansas. A list of known games played by the regiment …


Coffee Farmgate Price And Post-Harvest Processing In Honduras., Isaac Desouza Jan 2025

Coffee Farmgate Price And Post-Harvest Processing In Honduras., Isaac Desouza

Theses and Dissertations--Agricultural Economics

Volatile commodity markets and changing climate expose coffee farmers to price and production risk. Proponents recommend specialty coffee as a strategy to combat price risk, because its unique attributes differentiate it from commodity coffee. Extrinsic and intrinsic attributes define specialty coffee and affect prices at many levels of the supply chain. Despite much work on extrinsic attributes, little is known about how intrinsic attributes relate to farmgate price. Post-harvest processing is itself an intrinsic trait and driver of coffee quality. In 2024 we surveyed 261 coffee farmers from La Paz, Honduras, to uncover relationships between capital, post-harvest processing, and farmgate …


Delineating Ecologically Distinct Groups For Annual Cycle Management Of A Declining Shorebird, E. C. Knight, J. Carlisle, A. J. Boyce, D. Bradley, P. Cimprich, S. Coates, L. A. Powell Et Al. Jan 2025

Delineating Ecologically Distinct Groups For Annual Cycle Management Of A Declining Shorebird, E. C. Knight, J. Carlisle, A. J. Boyce, D. Bradley, P. Cimprich, S. Coates, L. A. Powell Et Al.

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.


"You Write What You Want And What You Need": Incorporating Reflective Practice In The Ela Classroom Through Caring Pedagogy, Melanie Shoffner, Helen Bentley Jan 2025

"You Write What You Want And What You Need": Incorporating Reflective Practice In The Ela Classroom Through Caring Pedagogy, Melanie Shoffner, Helen Bentley

Department of Middle, Secondary and Mathematics Education - Faculty Scholarship

Caring pedagogy is critical in today’s classrooms, and supporting students’ emotional needs as well as educational needs is an integral part of the teaching profession. This qualitative case study examines how one 9th grade ELA teacher uses reflective practices to enact care for her students. Creating a specially designed 50- minute freewrite class, the participant centers students by welcoming their voices into the classroom. Notes from observations and semi-structured interviews are used to show how the participant’s reflections about her students’ journals and discussions drive instruction. Findings show that care-based instruction-giving students space to write about any topic, removing the …


Does Land Conservation Financially Harm Renters?, Corey Lang, Jarron Vanceylon Jan 2025

Does Land Conservation Financially Harm Renters?, Corey Lang, Jarron Vanceylon

Environmental and Natural Resource Economics Working Papers

Environmental public goods and hazards are unequally distributed, with minority and low-income communities faring far worse. While environmental improvements are likely to benefit disadvantaged groups, these improvements can increase the desirability of neighborhoods and increase housing prices. For homeowners, this yields a gain in equity but can negatively impact renters through increased housing costs. This paper seeks to evaluate how rental prices respond to gains in land conservation relative to owner-occupied home values using a panel of census and conservation data from the United States. We employ a first-difference regression model and use propensity score matching as a pre-processing method …


“Science Belongs Everywhere”: Outlooks On Post-Secondary Stem Education For Correctional Centers In Virginia, Shelita R. Augustus Jan 2025

“Science Belongs Everywhere”: Outlooks On Post-Secondary Stem Education For Correctional Centers In Virginia, Shelita R. Augustus

Division of Strategic Enrollment Management and Student Success Publications

Virginia has an incarceration rate of 679 per 100,000 residents, the highest among independent democratic nations. This scoping review examines perspectives on post-secondary STEM education to promote STEM education within Virginia's correctional facilities, assesses programs to improve rehabilitation, reduce recidivism, and address systemic inequalities by developing the scientific potential of incarcerated individuals. The review finds that while STEM education in correctional facilities faces limitations, its potential benefits are being realized nationwide. Virginia has made strides through initiatives like House Bill 2158, which aims to expand higher education access for incarcerated individuals. Examples such as the programs at J. Sargeant Reynolds …