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Articles 30211 - 30240 of 1439315
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Freedom To Create, Freedom To Teach: Lessons From A Liberatory Artmaking Practice, Andrea Allen
Freedom To Create, Freedom To Teach: Lessons From A Liberatory Artmaking Practice, Andrea Allen
International Journal of Lifelong Learning in Art Education
This essay explores the question, “How can a liberatory art practice inform a liberatory art teaching practice?” by examining the artistic process of Iranian artist Mahbube Parnian. Through four key themes (freedom to experiment, learning in community, identity exploration, and art as language) this essay draws parallels between Mahbube’s liberatory artmaking and pedagogical strategies that foster inclusive, student-centered classrooms. Framed within a socio-political climate that increasingly restricts liberatory teaching, this work argues that preserving justice-oriented, creative practices is not only essential to student well-being, but also an act of resistance.
Full Issue
International Journal of Lifelong Learning in Art Education
No abstract provided.
Designing Culturally Responsive Classrooms: Breaking Boundaries Using Bilingual Children’S Literature, Maryann Huebner
Designing Culturally Responsive Classrooms: Breaking Boundaries Using Bilingual Children’S Literature, Maryann Huebner
Honors Projects
The purpose of this study was to educate and empower teachers to implement culturally responsive teaching practices in the elementary classroom to create inclusive learning environments. With an emphasis on high-quality instruction and meaningful materials, the research aimed to support equitable learning opportunities for all students. The study had a specific focus on how the use of bilingual, culturally relevant children’s literature can be a powerful resource for developing bilingual abilities in students, enabling them to meaningfully and confidently participate in the multicultural classroom. To explore how children’s literature can foster bilingualism and biculturalism in students, I collected daily, reflective …
A Detailed Investigation Into Word-Order In The Modification Of Pronouns, Kelli Hesseltine, Joseph C. M. Davis
A Detailed Investigation Into Word-Order In The Modification Of Pronouns, Kelli Hesseltine, Joseph C. M. Davis
Publications and Research
This study builds upon Hesseltine and Davis ([2020]. “The Communicative Function of Adjective-Noun Order in English.” WORD 66 (3): 166–193. https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.2020.1793499), which examines word order in modification in English and proposes the Assertion of Characterization hypothesis. To communicate an assertion of an entity’s traits, speakers employ two different meanings: weaker, signaled by the order AB as in long (A) hair (B), and stronger, signaled by BA as in hair (B) long (A). The attribution of the characterization is thus made less or more assertively. This work focuses on examples where the characterized entity, the B, is a form traditionally …
Empowering Nurses: A Training Initiative On Essential Oils For Pediatric Neurosurgery Patients, Sheri Sacks
Empowering Nurses: A Training Initiative On Essential Oils For Pediatric Neurosurgery Patients, Sheri Sacks
2025
EBP
Literature Review: Pediatric neurosurgery patients often face increased anxiety and agitation. Nurses may lack knowledge of non-pharmacological interventions to reduce agitation and anxiety in their patients. Literature review used MeSH Headings and keywords to find recent English articles. Evidence shows EO reduces anxiety. Lavender inhalation lowers anxiety, pain, and vital signs in pediatric dental patients. In adults, aromatherapy decreases anxiety, pain, blood pressure, and improves sleep, also reducing pain and extubation time.
PICO: In pediatric neurosurgical bedside nurses, does education on lavender essential oil, compared to no education, improve knowledge, confidence and intent to integrate it as a complementary …
The Integral Fail–Safe: Restoring Clemency’S Role As A Remedy For Injustice In Death Penalty Cases, Mya Nobles
The Integral Fail–Safe: Restoring Clemency’S Role As A Remedy For Injustice In Death Penalty Cases, Mya Nobles
University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review
Executive clemency has long been understood simply as an act of mercy; however, this Note argues that executive clemency was historically designed to also function as an indispensable corrective mechanism within the criminal justice system, especially in capital cases where the consequences of error are irreversible. Using the execution of Marcellus Williams as a central illustration, this Note examines how modern clemency practices have deviated from their original purpose, becoming increasingly arbitrary, politically influenced, and vulnerable to racial bias. Although clemency has been characterized by its broad discretion and minimal procedural constraints, this Note argues that such unfettered authority has …
Archaeology As Alternative Prison Education, Jayne Price Dr, Caroline Pudney Dr
Archaeology As Alternative Prison Education, Jayne Price Dr, Caroline Pudney Dr
Journal of Prison Education Research
This paper presents the educational focused outcomes of a set of workshops entitled 'Introduction to Archaeology’ that were delivered within a prison. The workshops were delivered as part of a project that seeks to explore the pro-social benefits and social capital (i.e. social and structural aspects that support positive identity formation) that could be developed through engagement with archaeology, specifically for those within the criminal justice system. The workshops offered a bespoke, alternative, educational offering within an adult male prison in Wales. It was designed and delivered by an archaeologist who has an established background in the field, especially in …
Improving Confidence And Competence In Treating Pediatric Peripheral Intravenous (Piv) Extravasation, Ann Gosdin, Hector Murillo, Taffi Marchand, Brook Warren
Improving Confidence And Competence In Treating Pediatric Peripheral Intravenous (Piv) Extravasation, Ann Gosdin, Hector Murillo, Taffi Marchand, Brook Warren
2025
EBP
Literature Review: Targeted nursing education has demonstrated it may lead to improved nursing care and patient safety. Nurses who received high-fidelity simulation and targeted traditional education on extravasation treatment had higher competency scores than those who did not received this education. Specific nursing education classes have demonstrated statistically significant improvement on nurses' knowledge, practice and minimized patients' complications of extravasations.
PICO: In hospitalized pediatric patients can additional education and training by the Vascular Access Team (VAT) for Peripheral IV Infiltration and Extravasation (PIVIE) on extravasation treatment increase knowledge, confidence, and competence in providing the appropriate treatment and increase the …
Teacher Perceptions Of School Leadership: Trust, Fairness, And Support As Predictors Of Student Achievement, Trever B. Smith
Teacher Perceptions Of School Leadership: Trust, Fairness, And Support As Predictors Of Student Achievement, Trever B. Smith
Honors Theses
This quantitative study examined the relationship between staff–leadership working conditions and student achievement outcomes in Kentucky high schools. This research makes use of extant data from the Impact Kentucky Working Conditions Survey for the 2023-2024 school year. The researcher particularly studied the correlation between teacher perceptions of trust, fairness, and support from principals and student achievement in the Kentucky Summative Assessment (KSA). Teacher perceptions of working conditions were generally favorable, though trust and perceptions of school leadership emerged as weaker areas. Correlation analyses indicated only weak, nonsignificant associations between leadership working conditions and student achievement outcomes at the statewide level. …
Next Word Prediction In Social Media Texts For Punjabi-English Bilingual Users With Sequential Cnn-Bilstm, Gurpreet Singh, C P Kamboj
Next Word Prediction In Social Media Texts For Punjabi-English Bilingual Users With Sequential Cnn-Bilstm, Gurpreet Singh, C P Kamboj
Baghdad Science Journal
Preparing a collection of Punjabi-English social media text and creating a next word prediction system for Punjabi users are the main goals of this study. As the Gurmukhi script has a large character set, typing in Punjabi takes a lot of time. That is the reason behind using the Roman script for communication on social media platforms like WhatsApp, Facebook, and Twitter by many Punjabi users. For such users, we have proposed a sequential CNN-BiLSTM architecture to provide suggestions to improve typing speed and make communication convenient. In our proposed model, we used 128 filters and a kernel size of …
A Capital Idea? The Welfare Effects Of Relocating Indonesia’S Government To A New City, Alexander D. Rothenberg, Radine Rafols, Yao Wang, Yi Jiang
A Capital Idea? The Welfare Effects Of Relocating Indonesia’S Government To A New City, Alexander D. Rothenberg, Radine Rafols, Yao Wang, Yi Jiang
Center for Policy Research
Many developing countries are planning to create new capital cities, a place-making policy designed to alleviate congestion and respond to climate change. To evaluate growth and welfare effects, we specify a dynamic quantitative spatial model with public employment, informality, fiscal transfers, and frictions in trade and migration. We calibrate the model with data from Indonesia and conduct policy experiments studying the creation of Nusantara in East Kalimantan. Despite increasing employment in the new capital region, we find that building Nusantara reduces national growth and welfare. Climate change attenuates its negative welfare effects, but only slightly.
Research Essay_Eng 110, Justine Matias
Research Essay_Eng 110, Justine Matias
Open Educational Resources
This research essay assignment for English 110 (First-Year Composition) provides students with flexible topic options and multimodal format choices while teaching essential academic research skills including source integration, audience awareness, and rhetorical decision-making. Designed with Universal Design for Learning principles, the assignment includes extensive scaffolding and support materials to help multilingual and multicultural first-year students successfully navigate the research writing process.
Epilogue: Postoperative 30-Day Follow-Up, Tess Davis, Karisa Price, Courtney Russ
Epilogue: Postoperative 30-Day Follow-Up, Tess Davis, Karisa Price, Courtney Russ
2025
INNOVATION & LEADERSHIP
Background: The NSQIP-P Surgical Clinical Reviewers (SCR) of Children’s Health of Texas initiated a quality project with the goal of maintaining an 80% postoperative follow-up rate. To remain relevant in the ever-changing landscape of healthcare, we recognize the need for thoughtful and individualized approaches to follow-up. Unprecedented growth in the healthcare sector creates a demand for innovative solutions to address the ever-changing needs of the pediatric surgical population. Patient expectations have driven the desire for organizational transparency and robust approaches to ensure optimal, holistic outcomes. This has been accomplished using tailored follow-up strategies to meet organizational …
Comparative Analysis Of Robotic-Assisted, Laparoscopic, And Open Radical Nephrectomy: Utilization, Costs, And Clinical Outcomes, Daniel Huang, Costas D. Lallas, Raegan M. Davis, Scott W. Keith, Patrick J. Moeller, Inkyu K. Kim, Anushka Ghosh, Francisco Aguirre, Rasheed A. M. Thompson, Emmanuel F Drabo, Vittorio Maio
Comparative Analysis Of Robotic-Assisted, Laparoscopic, And Open Radical Nephrectomy: Utilization, Costs, And Clinical Outcomes, Daniel Huang, Costas D. Lallas, Raegan M. Davis, Scott W. Keith, Patrick J. Moeller, Inkyu K. Kim, Anushka Ghosh, Francisco Aguirre, Rasheed A. M. Thompson, Emmanuel F Drabo, Vittorio Maio
College of Population Health Faculty Papers
BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive approaches, including laparoscopic (LARN) and robotic-assisted radical nephrectomy (RARN), have gained adoption over open surgery (ORN) for renal cancer, despite RARN’s higher costs. This contemporary study evaluates trends in RARN, LARN, and ORN use and compares their hospital costs, clinical complications, and mortality rates.
METHODS: Patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (2016–2019) were identified from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Procedures were classified as RARN, LARN, or ORN using ICD-10 and Procedure Coding System codes. Patient demographics and comorbidities, hospital characteristics, length of stay (LOS), clinical complications, and hospital costs were analyzed. Trends in utilization were assessed, and regression …
The Grad's Playbook: Enhancing The Onboarding And New Student Orientation Experience, Debra Rodrigues, Elissa Lipke
The Grad's Playbook: Enhancing The Onboarding And New Student Orientation Experience, Debra Rodrigues, Elissa Lipke
Graduate Student Dissertations, Theses, Capstones, and Portfolios
Graduate students often describe the transition into their programs as both exciting and overwhelming. New Student onboarding and orientation play an important role in helping them feel prepared, connected, and supported, yet many universities still approach these processes in a limited way. This study explored how graduate onboarding can better address student needs by drawing on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Senge’s Five Disciplines of a Learning Organization.
Using a mixed-methods sequential design, the researchers invited 239 newly admitted graduate students to participate, of whom 65 consented and completed a post-orientation survey examining their feelings of preparedness, belonging, and confidence. …
Development And Applications Of A Health Equity Summary Score Using The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Ronald R. Sanchez
Development And Applications Of A Health Equity Summary Score Using The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, Ronald R. Sanchez
Dissertations and Theses
Despite sustained national efforts, disparities in healthcare delivery persist among racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, and socially at-risk populations. Monitoring modifiable aspects of care delivery, such as the structures and processes that health systems can directly improve, is a key strategy for addressing these gaps. However, most measures evaluate modifiable aspects of care delivery separately, limiting understanding of how improvements in one domain reinforce the other and how their combined effect influences equitable care.
This dissertation addresses this gap by combining patient experience and clinical quality, two modifiable aspects of care that captures how patients interact with the health …
Guiding The Story World: A Comparison Of Diegetic Cues In A Snow White Vr Narrative Game, Jiayi Xu
Guiding The Story World: A Comparison Of Diegetic Cues In A Snow White Vr Narrative Game, Jiayi Xu
Dartmouth College Master’s Theses
Virtual reality (VR) narrative games must guide players through complex story worlds without undermining immersion, yet prior work rarely compares different forms of in-world guidance under tightly controlled conditions. Designers routinely mix diegetic text, character behavior, and environmental motion, but it remains unclear how these cue families differentially shape cognitive load, task performance, and narrative experience when they convey the same instruction.
This thesis investigates how three common diegetic cue types—diegetic text, non-verbal gestures from a non-player character, and environmental motion and highlights—affect players in a first-person VR retelling of the Snow White story. In a between-subjects laboratory study, each …
Ask Me 3® In Action: Advancing Health Literacy In Pediatric Acute Care, Yaseming Medina
Ask Me 3® In Action: Advancing Health Literacy In Pediatric Acute Care, Yaseming Medina
2025
EBP
Literature Review: Parents and caregivers’ understanding of how to provide safe and effective care at home is vital. However, elevated levels of stress and limited health literacy face significant challenges in understanding discharge instructions. Patients who understand heath instructions make fewer mistakes when they take their medicine, follow treatment plans, and prepare for medical appointments. Patients have reported higher satisfaction and found that the use of Ask Me 3 was helpful in learning more about their medical condition.
PICO: For parents of pediatric patients seen in an acute perioperative setting, how will the use of the Ask Me 3 …
Educational Policy, Implementation, And Challenges: A Case Study Of Administrative Practice In Using Student Growth Measures For Instructional Improvement In A K-12 School District In Northern New Jersey, Dean Robinson
Theses and Dissertations
This qualitative single holistic case study explores how school administrators in a Northern New Jersey district implement student growth measures (SGMs) mandated by the New Jersey Department of Education. Grounded in Lipsky’s (1980) theory of street-level bureaucracy, Wright’s Connected Actions Roadmap (2022), and Argyris and Schön’s (1978) theory of action, this work examines how administrators in the case study navigate policy mandates while addressing the demands of leading their schools. Data was collected through two rounds of semi-structured interviews with eleven administrators, supplemented by field notes. Thematic analysis revealed five areas: administrative agency in balancing compliance and authenticity, collaboration as …
Housing Market Responses To Constrained Mobility Rights - Evidence From A School Enrollment Reform For Migrant Children, Yilin Hou, Jinghua Qi, Yugang Tang
Housing Market Responses To Constrained Mobility Rights - Evidence From A School Enrollment Reform For Migrant Children, Yilin Hou, Jinghua Qi, Yugang Tang
Center for Policy Research
Mobility matches open housing markets. With constrained mobility and partially open housing markets, market responses reflect the constraints. We study this mechanism by examining disparity in access to public schools across socio-economic groups, focusing on properties near primary schools accessible to migrant students under social integration policies in a Chinese megacity. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we uncover complex spatial and market dynamics: while house prices close to ordinary primary schools remained relatively stable, house prices farther away declined markedly. This differential impact suggests the interaction between a potential "peer effect" and an "amenity effect." The rental rates showed little change …
Fee Multipliers In Class Actions, Andrew J. Trask
Fee Multipliers In Class Actions, Andrew J. Trask
Louisiana Law Review
No abstract provided.
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio As A Marker Of Skin Disease Activity In Older Children With Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Shreya Swaminathan, Nidhi Naik, Susan Shenoi, Sarah Vandenbergen, Jessica L. Turnier, Zilan Zheng, Jessica Neely, James S. Andrews, Christian Lood
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio As A Marker Of Skin Disease Activity In Older Children With Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Shreya Swaminathan, Nidhi Naik, Susan Shenoi, Sarah Vandenbergen, Jessica L. Turnier, Zilan Zheng, Jessica Neely, James S. Andrews, Christian Lood
Student Papers, Posters & Projects
BACKGROUND: Neutrophils contribute to the pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases. While the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with disease activity in adult dermatomyositis, its clinical utility in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is unknown.
METHODS: Demographic, medication use, autoantibody profile, disease activity markers, and laboratory data from 97 JDM patients was collected using retrospective chart review. Patients were age-stratified (0–9 vs. 9–21 years of age), as white blood cell count stabilizes at 9 years. The relationships between NLR with JDM disease activity measures were analyzed using spearman’s correlation.
RESULTS: Patients were primarily white (56.7%) and female (71.1%). Older children had …
Evaluation Of Learning Experiences Of New Graduate Nurses At A Teaching Hospital In Nigeria, Idongesit Akpabio, Felicia Sam Akpabio, Eno Udoh, Effioanwan Nkere
Evaluation Of Learning Experiences Of New Graduate Nurses At A Teaching Hospital In Nigeria, Idongesit Akpabio, Felicia Sam Akpabio, Eno Udoh, Effioanwan Nkere
Biennial Convention (CONV)
INTRODUCTION: A successful nursing career depends on the senior professional colleagues’ assistance for new graduates to master professional skills during internship programme. This study examined the working relationships between new graduates and senior nurses; level of guidance with mastering practical skills and socialization into the hospital roles. Three null hypotheses were formulated for statistical analyses to provide empirical evidence.
METHOD: This involved descriptive design and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The target population were 52 nurses that were currently on internship programme in the hospital and all of them were included as sample for the inferential study while six outspoken among …
Exploring Lived Experiences Of Significant Others As Caregivers To Partners With Spinal Cord Injury, Lisa A. Lumley
Exploring Lived Experiences Of Significant Others As Caregivers To Partners With Spinal Cord Injury, Lisa A. Lumley
Biennial Convention (CONV)
According to the World Health Organization, 250,000 to 500,000 people worldwide have suffered a spinal cord injury. Significant others may become caregivers responsible for meeting the needs of the dependent partner. The focus of this study is on significant other caregivers’ experiences providing care for partners after a spinal cord injury.
The effects of stress from providing care may be detrimental to caregivers' psychological and physical well-being. Psychological distress, such as anxiety and depression in caregivers, is a significant public health issue that affects the quality of life for millions of individuals. There is a lack of studies focusing on …
When Scripts Diverge: Strengthening Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation Through Phonetic Cross-Lingual Transfer, Ammon Shurtz
When Scripts Diverge: Strengthening Low-Resource Neural Machine Translation Through Phonetic Cross-Lingual Transfer, Ammon Shurtz
Theses and Dissertations
Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (MNMT) models enhance translation quality for low-resource languages by exploiting cross-lingual similarities during training--a process known as knowledge transfer. This transfer is particularly effective between languages that share lexical or structural features, often enabled by a common orthography. However, languages with strong phonetic and lexical similarities but distinct writing systems experience limited benefits, as the absence of a shared orthography hinders knowledge transfer. To address this limitation, we propose an approach based on phonetic information that enhances token-level alignment across scripts by leveraging transliterations. We systematically evaluate several phonetic transcription techniques and strategies for incorporating phonetic …
Bladder Prolapse (Cystocele) Among African, Asian, And Middle Eastern Women: A Clinical And Socio-Cultural Perspective, Gayathri Delanerolle, Vindya Pathiraja, Tharanga Mudalige, Nirmala Rathnayake, Abirame Sivakumar, Wijamunige Nimesha Prashadini, Nihal Mohamed Al Riyami, Lamiya Al-Kharusi, Mohammad Haddadi, Fred Tweneboah-Koduah, Om Kurmi, George Uchenna Eleje, Peter Phiri, Lauri Romanzi, Sohier Elneil
Bladder Prolapse (Cystocele) Among African, Asian, And Middle Eastern Women: A Clinical And Socio-Cultural Perspective, Gayathri Delanerolle, Vindya Pathiraja, Tharanga Mudalige, Nirmala Rathnayake, Abirame Sivakumar, Wijamunige Nimesha Prashadini, Nihal Mohamed Al Riyami, Lamiya Al-Kharusi, Mohammad Haddadi, Fred Tweneboah-Koduah, Om Kurmi, George Uchenna Eleje, Peter Phiri, Lauri Romanzi, Sohier Elneil
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers
Bladder prolapse, also known as cystocoele, is the most common form of pelvic organ prolapse (POP), significantly affecting women's physical, sexual, and psychosocial health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite its widespread prevalence and disabling consequences, bladder prolapse remains under-recognised and inadequately addressed in global health strategies. Prevalence estimates vary widely across regions, from 3%-64.6%, influenced by diagnostic methods and cultural reporting biases. Common risk factors include high parity, early childbirth, prolonged labour, poor postpartum care, malnutrition, obesity, and ageing. Clinical diagnosis often relies on simplified grading systems in resource-limited settings. Conservative treatments like pelvic floor muscle training …
Rhode Island Democratic Gubernatorial Primary Muddied By High Number Of Undecided Likely Voters 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
Rhode Island Democratic Gubernatorial Primary Muddied By High Number Of Undecided Likely Voters 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
All UNH Survey Center Polls
The 2026 Democratic primary for governor of Rhode Island remains unclear, as a plurality of likely voters are undecided on their choice of candidate. Helena Foulkes currently holds a slight lead over prospective candidate and Speaker of the RI House Joe Shekarchi and incumbent Governor Dan McKee. McKee is very unpopular among likely Democratic primary voters and suffers from low job approval among Rhode Islanders overall. Rhode Islanders would like state officials to intervene to keep Our Lady of Fatima and Roger Williams Medical Center open, with many state residents reporting they or their family used one or both hospitals. …
Lamont Popular Among Likely Dem Primary Voters, Enjoys Large Lead Over Elliott For Nomination 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
Lamont Popular Among Likely Dem Primary Voters, Enjoys Large Lead Over Elliott For Nomination 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
All UNH Survey Center Polls
Connecticut Governor Ned Lamont announced he will seek re-election in 2026, a decision backed by more than half of likely Democratic primary voters. Lamont holds a large early lead in the race for the Democratic nomination over State Representative Josh Elliott, who is largely unknown to Democratic primary voters. The cost of living is seen as the biggest problem facing the state, followed by taxes, housing, and the economy. Many Connecticut residents report limiting their time in Hartford due to concerns about crime.
Pappas, Sununu Lead In Early Nh Senate Primary Races 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
Pappas, Sununu Lead In Early Nh Senate Primary Races 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
All UNH Survey Center Polls
Congressman Chris Pappas holds a wide lead in the race for the 2026 NH Democratic Senate nomination. On the Republican side, former Senator John E. Sununu leads 2014 GOP nominee Scott Brown, though Brown has closed the gap slightly since September. Approval of Governor Kelly Ayotte's job performance has increased since October. On education, Granite Staters support a bill designed to limit local spending on education but oppose reducing the number of SAUs in the state. Housing remains the most important problem facing the state, followed by the cost of living and taxes.
Markey Holds Slim Lead Over Moulton In Massachusetts Senate Dem Primary 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
Markey Holds Slim Lead Over Moulton In Massachusetts Senate Dem Primary 11/24/2025, Unh Survey Center
All UNH Survey Center Polls
Incumbent Democratic Senator Ed Markey holds only a small lead over Representative Seth Moulton in the race for the Democratic nomination for U.S. Senate in 2026. Potential candidates who have not officially announced their candidacy, Boston Mayor Michelle Wu and Representative Ayanna Pressley, are very popular among likely primary voters. State residents are divided on a proposal to allow people to buy and consume marijuana in the same space if the vendor has a special license while they support a ban on tests for marijuana use as a condition for employment. Housing and the cost of living are cited most …