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Hubungan Rencana Karir Dan Keberhasilan Studi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman Universitas Negeri Malang, Andi Burhanudin S., Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati Jul 2026

Hubungan Rencana Karir Dan Keberhasilan Studi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman Universitas Negeri Malang, Andi Burhanudin S., Primardiana Hermilia Wijayati

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

This study aimed to examine the relationship between career planning and academic success among undergraduate students in the German Language Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Malang. A quantitative correlational design was employed. From a population of 335 students, a total of 126 respondents who met the research criteria and completed the questionnaire were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a five-point Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality test, and Spearman’s rank-order correlation (ρ). The results revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between career planning and academic success (ρ = .527, p < .001). Students who demonstrated more active career exploration, greater self-understanding, clearer career goals, and better utilization of academic and social support tended to achieve higher academic performance, as reflected in a cumulative grade point average (GPA) above 3.00. Nevertheless, the findings also indicate that students’ career readiness still requires further development. This is reflected in their predominant use of general job-search platforms and the relatively limited participation in career development activities. Therefore, higher education institutions should strengthen career guidance services by providing more systematic career information, expanding access to career development programs, and integrating career services into the academic learning process to better prepare students for the labor market.


Revisionist Policies And Practices: How Black Faculty Members Combat Pedagogy And Research Challenges At A Pwi, Larry J. Walker, Amanda Wilkerson, Lisa Jones Jul 2026

Revisionist Policies And Practices: How Black Faculty Members Combat Pedagogy And Research Challenges At A Pwi, Larry J. Walker, Amanda Wilkerson, Lisa Jones

The Griot - Southern Conference on African American Studies, Inc.

This autoethnographic study critically examines faculty well-being and leadership within a predominantly White institution (PWI) amidst intensifying curricular restrictions and perceived challenges to academic freedom. Guided by fugitive pedagogy, it investigates how faculty mobilize historically situated covert-overt strategies to preserve rigorous, culturally and civically relevant learning while mitigating psychosocial strain. Utilizing reflective memos and artifacts (2022–2025) from course design, mentoring, and departmental leadership, analytic vignettes trace three tensions: (a) compliance versus intellectual honesty; (b) productivity metrics versus humane pacing; and (c) risk management versus scholarly courage. Findings reveal quiet innovations, protected dialogue protocols, the erasure of special topics in diversity, …


Scams All The Way Up: The Scam As Vernacular Analytic Of Digital Capitalism, Courtney T. Wittekind, Elizabeth Resor, Jovanna Rosen, Hilary Faxon, Kendra Kintzi, Julien Migozzi, Luis F. Alvarez León, Desiree Fields Jul 2026

Scams All The Way Up: The Scam As Vernacular Analytic Of Digital Capitalism, Courtney T. Wittekind, Elizabeth Resor, Jovanna Rosen, Hilary Faxon, Kendra Kintzi, Julien Migozzi, Luis F. Alvarez León, Desiree Fields

Research Outputs: 2025-Present

Scams have proliferated under digital capitalism; so too have stories of scams and allegations of scamming. In this commentary, we focus on the latter to situate the scam as a “vernacular analytic:” an everyday mode of critique invoked to question the normative systems and institutions that rule our lives, but are experienced as exploitative or rigged. While this vernacular analytic is a powerful and pervasive means to highlight inequality, we argue that it obscures what is unique about scams amid capitalism's digitalization. In response, we develop a systematic approach to study this vernacular analytic as it circulates under digital capitalism. …


Pengaruh Penggunaan Internet Terhadap Pendapatan Wirausaha Pemuda Di Indonesia, Nabella Primasetya, Putu Geniki Lavinia Natih Jul 2026

Pengaruh Penggunaan Internet Terhadap Pendapatan Wirausaha Pemuda Di Indonesia, Nabella Primasetya, Putu Geniki Lavinia Natih

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia

An important element in entrepreneurship is being alert to unexploited opportunities. In the context of entrepreneurial development, internet users in Indonesia continue to increase but the percentage of young people using the internet for business remains low. This study analyzes the effect of internet usage on the income of young entrepreneurs in Indonesia using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results show that internet usage significantly increases the income of youth entrepreneurs. Internet usage for communication contributes positively to their income but usage for promotion, social media and marketplaces does not affect their income.


The Poly-Arginine Peptide R18d Inhibits Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Aggregation And Aβ-Induced Cytotoxicity, Reduces Intracellular Tau Aggregation, And Exhibits Oral Bioavailability, Vaishali Bagda, Zainab H. Farooz, Neville W. Knuckey, Samantha M. South, Stuart K. Gribble, Maitri Tomar, Prashant Bharadwaj, Ajish Ariyath, Kevin Taddei, Ralph N. Martins, Bruno P. Meloni Jul 2026

The Poly-Arginine Peptide R18d Inhibits Amyloid-Beta (Aβ) Aggregation And Aβ-Induced Cytotoxicity, Reduces Intracellular Tau Aggregation, And Exhibits Oral Bioavailability, Vaishali Bagda, Zainab H. Farooz, Neville W. Knuckey, Samantha M. South, Stuart K. Gribble, Maitri Tomar, Prashant Bharadwaj, Ajish Ariyath, Kevin Taddei, Ralph N. Martins, Bruno P. Meloni

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background/Objectives: Effective disease-modifying therapies targeting pathogenic proteins associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remain limited. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of the neuroprotective, cationic arginine-rich peptide R18D to mitigate the pathogenic effects of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau associated with AD.

Methods: R18D was examined for its ability to inhibit Aβ aggregation in a cell-free assay, attenuate Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in MC65 cells, and suppress intracellular tau aggregation in two neural cell models. Intracellular tau aggregation was quantified using a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence assay. Additionally, a pilot pharmacokinetic study of R18D was conducted in mice following oral gavage administration.

Results: In the …


Weathering In-Beyond Hydro(S)Cenes, Bronwyn Bailey-Charteris, Kathryn Mcmahon, Mary Christina Rapp, Natalie Davey Jul 2026

Weathering In-Beyond Hydro(S)Cenes, Bronwyn Bailey-Charteris, Kathryn Mcmahon, Mary Christina Rapp, Natalie Davey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

This paper examines the cultural, ecological and political dimensions of the contemporary water crisis through a curatorial and environmental humanities lens. Through the watery conceptual epoch of the Hydrocene, it highlights the work of artists and interdisciplinary practitioners whose hydro-Artistic methods propose ways to realign human-water relations. Central to this analysis is the role of curatorial care, here understood as a practice of convening, holding and enabling reciprocal encounters between bodies of water, artists and communities. Bringing these diverse practices into dialogue, the paper proposes water not only as subject matter but as a potential collaborator and leaky agent. It …


The Significance Of Abstract Art In Self-Expression: A Study Developed By Analyzing Kandinsky's Black Lines And Producing Visual Juxtapositions, Keturah K. Bowles Jul 2026

The Significance Of Abstract Art In Self-Expression: A Study Developed By Analyzing Kandinsky's Black Lines And Producing Visual Juxtapositions, Keturah K. Bowles

Theses

This paper will contemplate how the creation of abstract art, a creative style born from the Avant-Garde movement of the 20th century by artists such as Wassily Kandinsky, was imperative in the pursuit of artistic freedom. Additionally, it will seek to prove that abstraction is one of the unparalleled genres to utilize for self-expression in comparison to genres that uphold traditional art techniques, such as realism. This theory is further emphasized when considering abstract art in juxtaposition to the art standards maintained by the academy. Moreover, the research conducted to support the proposed theory falls into various categories, such as …


The Bridwell Quarterly, Issues 32 & 33, Spring-Summer 2026, Michelle S. Ried, Anthony Elia Jul 2026

The Bridwell Quarterly, Issues 32 & 33, Spring-Summer 2026, Michelle S. Ried, Anthony Elia

Bridwell Library Publications

No abstract provided.


Advanced Glass Between Technology & Ideology, Enas Salim Abdulahaad, Oday Abaas Abood Jul 2026

Advanced Glass Between Technology & Ideology, Enas Salim Abdulahaad, Oday Abaas Abood

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Advances in glass technology have radically transformed contemporary architecture, highlighting the research problem of ``The Ambiguity of Advanced Glass' Position in Twenty-First-Century Architecture.'' The research aims to uncover the transformation of advanced glass from a technological to an ideological dimension. The research hypothesizes that ``contemporary architecture has reshaped its relationship with humans, society, and nature through its use of advanced glass.'' The research adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology based on specialized literature and global and regional architectural practices, revealing the technical characteristics and symbolic meanings inherent in glass applications. The research concludes that contemporary architecture has redefined its relationship …


Posthuman Architecture And The Machine: A Theoretical Approach To The Impacts Of Artificial Intelligence On Architecture, Waleed Joudah Nassar Alsaadi, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif Jul 2026

Posthuman Architecture And The Machine: A Theoretical Approach To The Impacts Of Artificial Intelligence On Architecture, Waleed Joudah Nassar Alsaadi, Ibrahim Jawad Kadhim Al-Yousif

Iraqi Journal of Architecture and Planning

Posthumanist philosophy shifts the focus away from independent, human-centred thinking toward diverse, pluralistic modes of knowledge. It adopts the idea that human agency is interconnected with a broad network of other actors, such as contemporary intelligent machines, most prominently embodied in artificial intelligence. This research discusses the relationship and interconnection between architecture in its posthuman form and technology, selecting artificial intelligence as a model of this technology, as it represents the most significant technical and intellectual revolution at present. The study examines posthumanism as a radical theoretical model that seeks to transcend the limitations of human thought and anthropocentrism. The …


Visual And Textual Representations Of Conquistadors And Indigenous Leaders In The Spanish Drama Of The 17th Century, Liz Carolina Villamizar Caceres Jul 2026

Visual And Textual Representations Of Conquistadors And Indigenous Leaders In The Spanish Drama Of The 17th Century, Liz Carolina Villamizar Caceres

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examines the visual and textual representations of conquistadors and Indigenous leaders in seventeenth-century Spanish teatro indiano, a Baroque dramatic subgenre centered on the Conquest and colonization of the Americas. It investigates how these representations negotiate questions of sovereignty, political legitimacy, and imperial expansion within the Spanish Monarchy. While scholarship on colonial Spanish theater has extensively examined its historical, ideological, and propagandistic dimensions, the contribution of visual culture to the construction of these political representations has received comparatively little attention. This study argues that early modern Spanish playwrights did not simply reproduce existing images but reinterpreted widely circulating visual …


Exploring Primary Care Providers’ Compassionate Care And Their Evidence-Based Practice With Death, Grief, And Loss: Patient Experience And Perspective, Kathryn Krzykala Jul 2026

Exploring Primary Care Providers’ Compassionate Care And Their Evidence-Based Practice With Death, Grief, And Loss: Patient Experience And Perspective, Kathryn Krzykala

Dissertations

Research on primary care providers’ (PCPs) education regarding Death, Grief, and Loss (DGL) remains limited. Specifically, data is lacking regarding patients' perceptions and opinions on what they need and expect from their PCPs regarding grief and loss. This exploratory mixed-method study comprised 146 participants who had experienced death and non-death loss. It examined participants' perceptions of 1) PCP compassion, 2) PCP utilization of evidence-based grief and loss practices, 3) their own level of comfort discussing DGL with their PCPs during medical visits, and 4) their personal grief and loss experiences. The findings revealed that PCPs' grief-informed evidence-based treatment, as reflected …


Evolution, Structuration Theory, And New Research On Free Will, James Lull Jul 2026

Evolution, Structuration Theory, And New Research On Free Will, James Lull

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Classic structuration theory explains how social actors use their personal and collective agency to contend with the structural forces they encounter in everyday life. The antonimous interface between structure and agency is analyzed from an evolutionary communication perspective as it applies to structuration theory generally and to media audiences specifically. The explanatory power of structuration theory is then reconsidered in light of new research on an eternally profound question: Is the power of human agency restricted, if not entirely eliminated, by a lack of free will that can be exercised in human endeavors? Although the nature of structural influence is …


The Woman In Hijab: A Performance Autoethnography Of Intersecting Identities In Arabic Language Teaching, Sayonara Tomoum Jun 2026

The Woman In Hijab: A Performance Autoethnography Of Intersecting Identities In Arabic Language Teaching, Sayonara Tomoum

Journal of Educational Research and Innovation

This performance autoethnography inhabits the pedagogical encounter between a North African Muslim woman in hijab teaching college-level Arabic and an African American Muslim student whose Islam traveled a different racial and geographic history. Race and religion move through every exchange, shaping who holds authority, whose Arabic counts, and how bodies are racialized and read through religious markers. This work draws on Della Pollock’s (2007) concept of error as a site of possibility and her performative question “What now?” to name pedagogical rupture as the moment when the conditions shaping the encounter become legible as knowledge. Through performative writing, this autoethnography …


Fifteen Years Of Open-Access, Feminist Editing And Beyond: Laura L. Runge Transitions From Editor-In-Chief To Co-Director Of Abo Editorial Board As Of Abo Vol. 16, No. 1, Kelly Plante Jun 2026

Fifteen Years Of Open-Access, Feminist Editing And Beyond: Laura L. Runge Transitions From Editor-In-Chief To Co-Director Of Abo Editorial Board As Of Abo Vol. 16, No. 1, Kelly Plante

ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830

This is an editor's note thanking Laura L. Runge for her more than 15 years service as the founding editor of ABO. The current editors thank Laura for her foundational work and we commit to carry on her editorial vision.


A Review Of Karen Bloom Gevirtz 'S The Apothecary's Wife (University Of California Press, 2024), Annika Mann Jun 2026

A Review Of Karen Bloom Gevirtz 'S The Apothecary's Wife (University Of California Press, 2024), Annika Mann

ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830

A review of Karen Bloom Gevirtz's The Apothecary's Wife by Annika Mann.


Introduction: Concise Collection On Teaching The Works Of Frances Burney, Dana Gliserman Kopans Jun 2026

Introduction: Concise Collection On Teaching The Works Of Frances Burney, Dana Gliserman Kopans

ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830

This short essay introduces a Concise Collection special issue on teaching Frances Burney. The collection brings together a range of texts and approaches to them and demonstrates that Burney can be successfully taught to students outside of the graduate context.


The Metaphorical Narrative Vision In Al-Tahir Jean Walis Padovani, Zahra Ibrahim Jun 2026

The Metaphorical Narrative Vision In Al-Tahir Jean Walis Padovani, Zahra Ibrahim

SOROUD: The journal of Literacy Criticism

Jean-Wallis PADOVANI did not write under a pseudonym or assume the part of any of his characters, but rather published the story of TAHER under his real name. Unlike his contemporaries, who, driven by hidden motives, had changed their names or otherwise disguised themselves in their writings in order to appropriate the identity of the indigenous people, members of their environment, or symbols of their culture, PADOVANI took a different alternative by choosing a narrative form that he cleverly exploited for equally camouflaged purposes. From his luxurious Parisian neighborhood, he dedicated to Jean THARAUD and his brother Jérôme a short …


Regarding World(S): A Review Of Elisha Cohn’S Milieu: A Creaturely Theory Of The Contemporary Novel (2025) And Daniel Wright’S The Grounds Of The Novel (2024), Katarzyna Bartoszyńska Jun 2026

Regarding World(S): A Review Of Elisha Cohn’S Milieu: A Creaturely Theory Of The Contemporary Novel (2025) And Daniel Wright’S The Grounds Of The Novel (2024), Katarzyna Bartoszyńska

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

No abstract provided.


World Literature According To Its Poster Children, Jernej Habjan Jun 2026

World Literature According To Its Poster Children, Jernej Habjan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Some of the most influential pronouncements on world literature have been made by the kind of authors who are most likely to emerge as representatives of world literature once we agree on a definition, including Goethe, the young Marx, Tagore, Gorky, Hesse, Kundera, and the distinguished signatories of the manifesto for a world-literature in French. Breaking out of this vicious circle by referring to the authority of pure theorists of world literature is not the solution, as this would only pull us into a new vicious circle where most of these theorists would mostly remind us of the names that …


A Crisis For Utopia: Jameson, The Collective, And The Future Of World Literature, Trevor Jackson Jun 2026

A Crisis For Utopia: Jameson, The Collective, And The Future Of World Literature, Trevor Jackson

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Working with Fredric Jameson’s influential discussions of utopia and world literature, the essay suggests that the prospect of utopia is frightening and also possibly boring insofar as it threatens to drain away the already waning possibility of experience in a postmodern, globalized world. In this world, resentment of the present seems to go hand in hand with a nostalgia for a fictitious past, underscoring the difficulty of conceptualizing new social, cultural, and economic arrangements. Viewing world literature as a possible source of a new utopian thought, a utopia unlimited to its contemporary dystopian guises, the essay retraces Jameson’s pronouncements on …


Milan Kundera As A Representative And A Theorist Of World Literature, Lucija Mandić Jun 2026

Milan Kundera As A Representative And A Theorist Of World Literature, Lucija Mandić

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The article traces the evolution of Milan Kundera’s notion of world literature across his career, contextualizing his writings within major historical events, including the so-called liberalization of Czechoslovakia in the 1960s, the post-1989 transition of the former Soviet bloc, and the turn of the millennium. Throughout the years, but particularly after his own immigration to France in 1975, Kundera consistently tied the notion of world literature with that of Central Europe to emerge with a conceptual framework that enabled him to position (semi-)peripheral European literatures within the Western canon. In his influential 2005 essay “Die Weltliteratur,” Kundera ultimately reframed the …


Against Pleonexia: Auerbach, World Literature, And The End Of History, Simon During Jun 2026

Against Pleonexia: Auerbach, World Literature, And The End Of History, Simon During

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

Erich Auerbach’s essay on world literature, written in the early postwar period, has become central to our understanding of the field. This essay contextualizes Auerbach on world literature by approaching it through his larger project, which it thinks about in relation to scholars rarely considered in this context. These scholars are the French literary historians and critics Hippolyte Taine and Remy de Gourmont, and the German historical sociologist Alexander Rüstow. To place Auerbach at an intersection of these very different figures turns out to be illuminating. It both enlarges our sense of him and helps us better understand why he …


Small Nations, Big Debates: Empowering The Slovenes As A Subject Of World History In The Critical 1930s, Marko Juvan Jun 2026

Small Nations, Big Debates: Empowering The Slovenes As A Subject Of World History In The Critical 1930s, Marko Juvan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The article looks at how Slovene intellectuals and writers in the 1930s attempted to redefine the role of a small nation within the world-system in the face of global economic crisis, authoritarianism, imperialism, and the threat of fascist expansion. Three central interventions are examined in detail: firstly, Josip Vidmar’s culturalist defense of Slovenia as a nation defined by its intellectual and artistic achievements, which is contrasted with Edvard Kardelj’s Marxist reinterpretation of the Slovene national question as part of a broader anti-imperialist struggle; secondly, Anton Ocvirk’s peripheral model of comparative literary history, which emphasizes the creative contribution of small literatures …


The Proletarian Moment In World Literature, Anna Björk Einarsdóttir Jun 2026

The Proletarian Moment In World Literature, Anna Björk Einarsdóttir

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

During the interwar period (1918–1939), an international literary movement emerged in relation to internationalist and socialist politics and political struggles. Writers around the world saw themselves as contributors to a new proletarian moment within the historical unfolding of world literature. This movement was international, and writers situated on the peripheries of both the capitalist core and the emerging socialist world looked toward revolutionary Russia and other centers of the socialist world. This paper focuses on three such authors, the American Richard Wright, the Argentinian Roberto Arlt, and the Icelander Halldór Laxness. During the interwar period, all three were involved in …


Zheng Zhenduo And The Problem Of Priority In World Literature, Daniel M. Dooghan Jun 2026

Zheng Zhenduo And The Problem Of Priority In World Literature, Daniel M. Dooghan

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

This essay investigates how Zheng Zhenduo (郑振铎 1898–1958) developed a theory of world literature in response to threats to China both politically from without and culturally from within. Centered on an analysis of his 1922 article “A View on the Unification of Literature” (Wenxue de tongyiguan 文學的統一觀), the essay argues that although Zheng believed like many of his contemporaries in the transformative effects of reading world literature in translation, that does not constitute the entirety of his theorization of world literature. Instead, he accepted the first-move advantage of other national literatures in defining both world literary standards and literature …


Beyond The Great Wall: Zheng Zhenduo’S “Unification” Of World Literature At The Juncture Of China’S May Fourth And Post-World War I Era, Wenxin Liang Jun 2026

Beyond The Great Wall: Zheng Zhenduo’S “Unification” Of World Literature At The Juncture Of China’S May Fourth And Post-World War I Era, Wenxin Liang

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

This article examines Chinese literary scholar Zheng Zhenduo’s 1922 essay “A View on the Unification of Literature” (Wenxue de tongyiguan 文學的統一觀) as a counter-narrative to both imperial isolationism and post-World War I nationalist fragmentation. Writing at the intersection of China’s May Fourth Movement and the global post-war crisis, Zheng developed a theory of world literature that challenged both Goethean Eurocentrism and the compartmentalization of comparative literary studies. Through systematic analysis of Zheng’s theoretical writings, editorial projects, and pioneering work on folk literature (suwenxue 俗文學), this article demonstrates that Zheng’s project of “the unification of literature” operated on three …


An Arc Stretched Between East And West: World (Or Universal?) Literature In Maxim Gorky’S Publishing Utopias, Francesca Lazzarin Jun 2026

An Arc Stretched Between East And West: World (Or Universal?) Literature In Maxim Gorky’S Publishing Utopias, Francesca Lazzarin

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

The Vsemirnaia Literatura publishing house was founded in Petrograd by Maxim Gorky less than a year after the October Revolution. Aligned with the objectives of the new regime, its mission was to translate and publish a substantial body of European and Asian poetry and prose, thereby contributing to the broad cultural education of the emerging Soviet generations. These ambitions clearly reflect a key element of Gorky’s conception of culture as well: for Gorky, culture in its broadest sense (encompassing literature, art, music, and science) had the potential to unite humanity under the ideals of peace and harmony. Within this new …


A World Without Literature? Tagore’S Words For His Times And Ours, Salmoli Choudhuri Jun 2026

A World Without Literature? Tagore’S Words For His Times And Ours, Salmoli Choudhuri

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

In 1907, Rabindranath Tagore delivered a lecture on world literature to an audience in Calcutta, the then capital of British India. Amid powerful and intersecting forces—colonialism and nationalism, industrial modernity and mass poverty—Tagore’s position on literature was neither disengaged nor defensive, insofar as he related it to the human condition and the capacity for world-making. Far from staking a representational claim to world literature on behalf of Indian or Bengali literature, I argue in this article, Tagore reconceptualized the idea from its earlier canonical formulation by Goethe. He departed from dominant nineteenth-century philosophies that conceived the world as a spatial—and …


Reconsidering Karl Marx’S Concept Of World Literature, Kenneth Cheng Jun 2026

Reconsidering Karl Marx’S Concept Of World Literature, Kenneth Cheng

CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture

It is widely assumed that Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels regarded world literature as an epiphenomenal product of the capitalist world market, and therefore as a symptom of rather than potential cure to the crisis of modern society. However, this conflicts with the fact that they designated the Communist Manifesto itself as a world-literary production—the joint work of communists of various nationalities—and opposed it to the national limitations of German socialist literature. This article challenges existing interpretations by outlining how Marx and Engels incorporated the humanistic idealism of the Goethean Weltliteratur tradition into the theoretical framework of historical materialism. It …