Digital Commons Network^™

All For One, One For None: Arrington V. Burger King Worldwide And The Single-Entity Defense For Franchises, Tyler Nappo

Cardozo Law Review

Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act (Sherman § 1) proclaims contracts, combinations, or conspiracies in restraint of trade or commerce to be illegal. Thus, for an agreement to fall within Sherman § 1’s boundaries, there must be a joining together of separate actors or entities. However, for over a century since the Sherman Act’s enactment, courts have struggled to draw the line between separate business entities and single entities. This distinction became more defined with the Supreme Court’s holding in Copperweld Corp. v. Independence Tube Corp. that parent companies are incapable of conspiring with wholly owned subsidiaries. But Copperweld …

Reliability And Validity Of Smartphone Cognitive Testing For Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration, Adam M Staffaroni, Nupur Ghoshal, Jason Hassenstab, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is relatively rare, behavioral and motor symptoms increase travel burden, and standard neuropsychological tests are not sensitive to early-stage disease. Remote smartphone-based cognitive assessments could mitigate these barriers to trial recruitment and success, but no such tools are validated for FTLD.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and validity of smartphone-based cognitive measures for remote FTLD evaluations.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cohort study conducted from January 10, 2019, to July 31, 2023, controls and participants with FTLD performed smartphone application (app)-based executive functioning tasks and an associative memory task 3 times over 2 weeks. …

Mindful Movements Matter: Differentiating Active Body Movements In Underprivileged Students’ Learning Of Physics Concepts, Seokmin Kang, Mingtsan Lu, John B. Black, Sungyeun Kim

Teaching and Learning Faculty Publications

Background

The theory of embodied cognition claims that body interaction with the environment change how we think and constitute cognition. Accordingly, active learning enriches learning experiences which in turn lead to better learning.

Purpose

Although learning by moving one’s body is often regarded as active learning, not all body movements lead to better learning. To investigate the influence of different levels of body movements on learning, we developed embodied learning activities and implemented in elementary afterschool program.

Sample

Twenty-seven fifth graders (12 girls, 15 boys) for Study 1 and forty-eight fifth graders (28 girls, 20 boys) for Study 2 were …

Acav: A Framework For Automatic Causality Analysis In Autonomous Vehicle Accident Recordings, Huijia Sun, Christopher M. Poskitt, Yang Sun, Jun Sun, Yuqi Chen

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The rapid progress of autonomous vehicles (AVs) has brought the prospect of a driverless future closer than ever. Recent fatalities, however, have emphasized the importance of safety validation through large-scale testing. Multiple approaches achieve this fully automatically using high-fidelity simulators, i.e., by generating diverse driving scenarios and evaluating autonomous driving systems (ADSs) against different test oracles. While effective at finding violations, these approaches do not identify the decisions and actions that caused them -- information that is critical for improving the safety of ADSs. To address this challenge, we propose ACAV, an automated framework designed to conduct causality analysis for …

Experience Report: Identifying Common Misconceptions And Errors Of Novice Programmers With Chatgpt, Hua Leong Fwa

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Identifying the misconceptions of novice programmers is pertinent for informing instructors of the challenges faced by their students in learning computer programming. In the current literature, custom tools, test scripts were developed and, in most cases, manual effort to go through the individual codes were required to identify and categorize the errors latent within the students' code submissions. This entails investment of substantial effort and time from the instructors. In this study, we thus propose the use of ChatGPT in identifying and categorizing the errors. Using prompts that were seeded only with the student's code and the model code solution …

Improving Automated Code Reviews: Learning From Experience, Hong Yi Lin, Patanamon Thongtanunam, Christoph Treude, Wachiraphan Charoenwet

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Modern code review is a critical quality assurance process that is widely adopted in both industry and open source software environments. This process can help newcomers learn from the feedback of experienced reviewers; however, it often brings a large workload and stress to reviewers. To alleviate this burden, the field of automated code reviews aims to automate the process, teaching large language models to provide reviews on submitted code, just as a human would. A recent approach pre-trained and fine-tuned the code intelligent language model on a large-scale code review corpus. However, such techniques did not fully utilise quality reviews …

The Impact Of Bug Localization Based On Crash Report Mining: A Developers' Perspective, Marcos Medeiros, Uirá Kulesza, Roberta Coelho, Rodrigo Bonifacio, Christoph Treude, Eiji Adachi Barbosa

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Developers often use crash reports to understand the root cause of bugs. However, locating the buggy source code snippet from such information is a challenging task, mainly when the log database contains many crash reports. To mitigate this issue, recent research has proposed and evaluated approaches for grouping crash report data and using stack trace information to locate bugs. The effectiveness of such approaches has been evaluated by mainly comparing the candidate buggy code snippets with the actual changed code in bug-fix commits—which happens in the context of retrospective repository mining studies. Therefore, the existing literature still lacks discussing the …

Githubinclusifier: Finding And Fixing Non-Inclusive Language In Github Repositories, Liam Todd, John Grundy, Christoph Treude

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Non-inclusive language in software artefacts has been recognised as a serious problem. We describe a tool to find and fix non-inclusive language in a variety of GitHub repository artefacts. These include various README files, PDFs, code comments, and code. A wide variety of non-inclusive language including racist, ageist, ableist, violent and others are located and issues created, tagging the artefacts for checking. Suggested fixes can be generated using third-party LLM APIs, and approved changes made to documents, including code refactorings, and committed to the repository. The tool and evaluation data are available from: https://github. com/LiamTodd/github-inclusifier

Classifying Source Code: How Far Can Compressor-Based Classifiers Go?, Zhou Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Pre-trained language models of code, which are built upon large-scale datasets, millions of trainable parameters, and high computational resources cost, have achieved phenomenal success. Recently, researchers have proposed a compressor-based classifier (Cbc); it trains no parameters but is found to outperform BERT. We conduct the first empirical study to explore whether this lightweight alternative can accurately classify source code. Our study is more than applying Cbc to code-related tasks. We first identify an issue that the original implementation overestimates Cbc. After correction, Cbc's performance on defect prediction drops from 80.7% to 63.0%, which is still comparable to CodeBERT (63.7%). We …

Creative And Correct: Requesting Diverse Code Solutions From Ai, Scott Blyth, Markus Wagner, Christoph Treude

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

AI foundation models have the capability to produce a wide array of responses to a single prompt, a feature that is highly beneficial in software engineering to generate diverse code solutions. However, this advantage introduces a significant trade-off between diversity and correctness. In software engineering tasks, diversity is key to exploring design spaces and fostering creativity, but the practical value of these solutions is heavily dependent on their correctness. Our study systematically investigates this trade-off using experiments with HumanEval tasks, exploring various parameter settings and prompting strategies. We assess the diversity of code solutions using similarity metrics from the code …

Exploring The Potential Of Chatgpt In Automated Code Refinement: An Empirical Study, Guo Qi, Junming Cao, Xiaofei Xie, Shangqing Liu, Xiaohong Li, Bihuan Chen, Xin Peng

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Code review is an essential activity for ensuring the quality and maintainability of software projects. However, it is a time-consuming and often error-prone task that can significantly impact the development process. Recently, ChatGPT, a cutting-edge language model, has demonstrated impressive performance in various natural language processing tasks, suggesting its potential to automate code review processes. However, it is still unclear how well ChatGPT performs in code review tasks. To fill this gap, in this paper, we conduct the first empirical study to understand the capabilities of ChatGPT in code review tasks, specifically focusing on automated code refinement based on given …

Large Language Model For Vulnerability Detection: Emerging Results And Future Directions, Xin Zhou, Ting Zhang, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Previous learning-based vulnerability detection methods relied on either medium-sized pre-trained models or smaller neural networks from scratch. Recent advancements in Large Pre-Trained Language Models (LLMs) have showcased remarkable few-shot learning capabilities in various tasks. However, the effectiveness of LLMs in detecting software vulnerabilities is largely unexplored. This paper aims to bridge this gap by exploring how LLMs perform with various prompts, particularly focusing on two state-of-the-art LLMs: GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. Our experimental results showed that GPT-3.5 achieves competitive performance with the prior state-of-the-art vulnerability detection approach and GPT-4 consistently outperformed the state-of-the-art.

Code Search Is All You Need? Improving Code Suggestions With Code Search, Junkai Chen, Xing Hu, Zhenhao Li, Cuiyun Gao, Xin Xia, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Modern integrated development environments (IDEs) provide various automated code suggestion techniques (e.g., code completion and code generation) to help developers improve their efficiency. Such techniques may retrieve similar code snippets from the code base or leverage deep learning models to provide code suggestions. However, how to effectively enhance the code suggestions using code retrieval has not been systematically investigated. In this paper, we study and explore a retrieval-augmented framework for code suggestions. Specifically, our framework leverages different retrieval approaches and search strategies to search similar code snippets. Then the retrieved code is used to further enhance the performance of language …

Greening Large Language Models Of Code, Jieke Shi, Zhou Yang, Hong Jin Kang, Bowen Xu, Junda He, David Lo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Large language models of code have shown remarkable effectiveness across various software engineering tasks. Despite the availability of many cloud services built upon these powerful models, there remain several scenarios where developers cannot take full advantage of them, stemming from factors such as restricted or unreliable internet access, institutional privacy policies that prohibit external transmission of code to third-party vendors, and more. Therefore, developing a compact, efficient, and yet energy-saving model for deployment on developers' devices becomes essential.To this aim, we propose Avatar, a novel approach that crafts a deployable model from a large language model of code by optimizing …

Ps3: Precise Patch Presence Test Based On Semantic Symbolic Signature, Qi Zhan, Xing Hu, Zhiyang Li, Xin Xia, David Lo, Shanping Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

During software development, vulnerabilities have posed a significant threat to users. Patches are the most effective way to combat vulnerabilities. In a large-scale software system, testing the presence of a security patch in every affected binary is crucial to ensure system security. Identifying whether a binary has been patched for a known vulnerability is challenging, as there may only be small differences between patched and vulnerable versions. Existing approaches mainly focus on detecting patches that are compiled in the same compiler options. However, it is common for developers to compile programs with very different compiler options in different situations, which …

Streamlining Java Programming: Uncovering Well-Formed Idioms With Idiomine, Yanming Yang, Xing Hu, Xin Xia, David Lo, Xiaohu Yang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Code idioms are commonly used patterns, techniques, or practices that aid in solving particular problems or specific tasks across multiple software projects. They can improve code quality, performance, and maintainability, and also promote program standardization and reuse across projects. However, identifying code idioms is significantly challenging, as existing studies have still suffered from three main limitations. First, it is difficult to recognize idioms that span non-contiguous code lines. Second, identifying idioms with intricate data flow and code structures can be challenging. Moreover, they only extract dataset-specific idioms, so common idioms or well-established code/design patterns that are rarely found in datasets …

The Brady Database, Brandon L. Garrett, Adam M. Gershowitz, Jennifer Teitcher

Faculty Publications

The Supreme Court’s landmark ruling in Brady v. Maryland turns sixty this year. The Brady doctrine, which requires the government to disclose favorable and material evidence to the defendant, is one of the most frequently litigated criminal procedure issues. Yet, despite decades of Brady cases in federal and state courts, we still know relatively little about how Brady claims are litigated, adjudicated, and what such claims can tell us about the criminal justice system writ large. Scholars are in the dark about how often Brady violations occur, whether it is primarily the fault of prosecutors or the police, whether violations …

Fy24 Usability Program Test #5: User Search Behaviors And Attitudes, Lindsey Skaggs

Faculty and Staff Publications – Milner Library

The FY24 Usability Testing Program was designed to iteratively assess user experience at Milner Library. The program gathers data through usability testing of the library's website and discovery layer, as well as survey questions about users' experiences with library services. Test #5 gathers information from library users about their experiences locating and accessing materials. Takeaways and recommendations are included in the report.

The Inextricability Of Students’ Mathematical And Physical Reasoning In Quantum Mechanics Problems, Kaitlyn Stephens Serbin, Megan Wawro

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

Reasoning with mathematics plays an important role in university students’ learning throughout their courses in the scientific disciplines, such as physics. In addition to understanding mathematical concepts and procedures, physics students often must mathematize physical constructs in terms of their associated mathematical structures and interpret mathematical entities in terms of the physical context. In this study, we investigate physics students’ reasoning about mathematics in relation to physics content addressed in two quantum mechanics problems. Through qualitative analysis of interview data from twelve students, results show that 1) students use intricate, nonuniform problem-solving methods with reasoning that moves fluidly between structural …

On-Device Intelligence For Ai-Enabled Bio-Inspired Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (Auvs), Aryan Anand, M Yuva Bharath, Prabha Sundaravadivel, J. Preetha Roselyn, R. Annie Uthra

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

This paper introduces an innovative approach to underwater exploration by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs). This collaboration between AI and biomimicry marks a new era for AUVs, enabling them to emulate marine creatures’ graceful and efficient movements. By infusing AI capabilities into AUVs, AUVs are empowered to learn and adapt, making autonomous real-time decisions without human intervention. This dynamic integration equips AUVs to effectively navigate complex underwater terrains, evade obstacles, and seamlessly interact with marine life. Inspired by the remarkable propulsion mechanisms found in marine organisms, this work proposes a pioneering propulsion system tailored for AUVs. …

Petrology Of The Explosive Deposits From The April 2021 Eruption Of La Soufrière Volcano, St Vincent: A Time-Series Analysis Of Microlites, Holli M. Frey, Matthew R. Manon, Jenni Barclay, Bridie V. Davies, Sydney A. Walters, Paul D. Cole, Thomas E. Christopher, Erouscilla P. Joseph

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

After more than three months of lava dome extrusion, La Soufrière (St. Vincent) transitioned to a series of explosive eruptions in April 2021. Here we present a time-series petrologic analysis of the phenocryst and microlite populations during the first ∼48 hours of explosivity to constrain ascent conditions and processes that drove changes in behavior. Primary eruptive products were crystal-rich (45-50 vol%) basaltic andesites with similar phenocryst phase assemblages and compositions. The change in eruptive style is consistent with overpresurization as a consequence of second boiling from anhydrous microlite crystallization. The microlites display variation between the explosive phases, with two populations: …

Orpheus, Spring 2024: Reincarnate, University Of Dayton

Orpheus: UD's Literary and Artistic Magazine

No abstract provided.

Metabolite Signatures Associated With Microrna Mir-143-3p Serve As Drivers Of Poor Lung Function Trajectories In Childhood Asthma, Kevin M. Mendez, Sofina Begum, Anshul Tiwari, Rinku Sharma, Qingwen Chen, Rachel S. Kelly, Nicole Prince, Mengna Huang, Priyadarshini Kachroo, Su H. Chu, Yulu Chen, Kathleen Lee-Sarwar, David I. Broadhurst, Stacey N. Reinke, Robert Gerszten, Clary Clish, Lydiana Avila, Juan C. Celedón, Craig E. Wheelock, Scott T. Weiss, Michael Mcgeachie, Jessica A. Lasky-Su

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Lung function trajectories (LFTs) have been shown to be an important measure of long-term health in asthma. While there is a growing body of metabolomic studies on asthma status and other phenotypes, there are no prospective studies of the relationship between metabolomics and LFTs or their genomic determinants. Methods: We utilized ordinal logistic regression to identify plasma metabolite principal components associated with four previously-published LFTs in children from the Childhood Asthma Management Program (CAMP) (n = 660). The top significant metabolite principal component (PCLF) was evaluated in an independent cross-sectional child cohort, the Genetic Epidemiology of Asthma in Costa …

Invariance Of Chsh Parameters When Projecting Weakly Signaling Distribution Into A No Signaling Subspace, Aaditya Paudel

LSU New Orleans Theses and Dissertations

The seminal 1935 paper by Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen (EPR) sparked a fundamental debate in quantum mechanics about the completeness of physical reality through the EPR paradox. They questioned local realism by suggesting that particles could exhibit instantaneous correlations across any distance, challenging classical physics. Bell's theorem (1964) argued that no local hidden variable theory could replicate quantum predictions, introducing Bell's inequalities and their experimental tests. These tests, particularly through violations of Bell's inequalities, confirmed quantum predictions of non-local correlations that local realism could not account for. Quantum theory, while supporting such correlations, adheres to the no-signaling principle to prevent …

Locally Tailored Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards Diet Sustainability Questionnaire: Validation Among Uaeu Adults, Asma Bahaaldeen Numan

Theses

Food production is a major contributor to global environmental change and sustainability. Sustainable diets can be defined as “diets with low environmental impacts which contribute to food and nutrition security and healthy life for present and future generations”. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) aims to enhance its food security to meet the current local demand and future needs of an increasing population. Before determining a sustainable diet pattern for the UAE population, it is foremost more important to understand the perception of sustainable diet production and consumption. A thorough comprehension of the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the United Arab …

Faithful Representation Of Free Groups And Congruent Subgroups Of Sl3(Z), Julius Kurian

Theses

This thesis is concerned with the matrix representation of a free nonabelian group by matrices of size ≥ 3. We proceed from defining an equivalence class and then transitioning to free groups.We discuss in details the group G_n(k) which is the group generated by the matrices filled with first, (second, etc.) column, except for the intersection with the diagonal, and we have ones on the diagonal and zeros at the other places. The filled places are occupied by the same parameter k. An alternative proof for the known fact that G_n(3) is not …

Pricing Asian Options During Crises With The Impact Of Exogenous Event, Moath Ali Bakour

Theses

Asian options are financial derivatives products whose value depends on the value of underlying asset prices. These options are called path-dependent since their payoff is built on the prices of the underlying asset over some time. As in the case of the European options, the Asian option pricing problem is primarily subject to the prediction model for asset prices. The pioneer Black-Scholes model in the paper [2] suggests a GBM-Geometric Brownian motion. The Black-Scholes formula has several shortcomings. For instance, the Geometric Brownian motion does not take into consideration crises. Another problem in the Black- Scholes model is that it …

Theoretical And Computational Astrochemistry: A Variational Quantum Monte Carlo (Vqmc) Study Of The Trihydrogen Molecule Cation (H3+), Ahmad Saeed Alsaed

Theses

H₃⁺ is the simplest Three-Center Two-Electron molecule and it is of much interest in astrochemistry due to its high occurrence in the outer space, high reactivity, and strong acidic properties. In addition,H₃⁺ is involved in many chemical reactions in the interstellar medium (ISM) and its significant ability to absorb energy contributed to the cooling of the Universe during its early stages.

The main objective of this thesis is to approximate the ground state electronic energy of H₃⁺ by using a simple trial wavefunction consisting of a doubly occupied molecular orbital multiplied by a Jastrow …

The Impact Of Changing The Admission Policy On Students’ Educational Opportunities In Abu Dhabi Higher Educational Institutions, Maha Khalifa Al Mansoori

Dissertations

This dissertation is concerned with the intricate dynamics of educational change in the UAE, particularly focusing on the impact of admission policy changes on students’ educational opportunities on higher educational institutions. The main objective of this dissertation is to critically evaluate the effectiveness of educational changes, specifically through the lens of revised admission policy, in enhancing the standards of higher education in the United Arab Emirates.
/="/">A quantitative research methodology using questionnaire was utilized in this research paper and PLS-SEM method with SmartPLS software was used for data analysis. The study investigates the effect of changing the admission policy …

Policymaker's Perspectives And Student Experiences Of Bullying At Schools In The Uae: A Mixed-Method Approach, Alfan Saghayir Alketbi

Dissertations

Bullying is a significant issue in schools worldwide, including Abu Dhabi, the UAE. This dissertation aims to explore the dynamics of school bullying and improve anti-bullying interventions through a mixed-method approach. The primary goal is to investigate current anti-bullying efforts in the UAE and develop a comprehensive framework for school-based bullying intervention, considering policymaker perspectives and student experiences.

The study includes a systematic scoping review, qualitative studies with policymakers, a SWOT analysis of Abu Dhabi's anti-bullying approaches, and a cross-sectional survey of students' perceptions, attitudes, and awareness in Al-Ain City. These methods provide an integrated view of bullying in the …