Digital Commons Network^™

Certified Robust Accuracy Of Neural Networks Are Bounded Due To Bayes Errors, Ruihan Zhang, Jun Sun

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Adversarial examples pose a security threat to many critical systems built on neural networks. While certified training improves robustness, it also decreases accuracy noticeably. Despite various proposals for addressing this issue, the significant accuracy drop remains. More importantly, it is not clear whether there is a certain fundamental limit on achieving robustness whilst maintaining accuracy. In this work, we offer a novel perspective based on Bayes errors. By adopting Bayes error to robustness analysis, we investigate the limit of certified robust accuracy, taking into account data distribution uncertainties. We first show that the accuracy inevitably decreases in the pursuit of …

“It’S Not Ok To Not Be Ok”: Suicide, California’S Lanterman-Petris-Short Act, And The Constitution, Christina Strohmann

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

Individuals who commit suicide are not incompetent or even making an irrational decision. Yet state laws, such as the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act in California, continue to allow mental health professionals to lock up suicidal patients in psychiatric facilities against the patient’s will. These commitments, however, are not always beneficial, and in many instances are detrimental to both the patient and the mental health professional. Patients can be traumatized from the experience, feel more suicidal from lack of hope and feelings of betrayal. Mental health professionals cannot effectively treat suicidal patients when providers are fearful of liability or when their patients refuse …

Development Of Anti-Fibrotic Agents For Potential Use In Glaucoma Filtration Surgery To Prevent Scar Formation, Nikhala Shree S

Theses and Dissertations

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness with irreversible vision loss. It is marked by the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells, which results in optic nerve head damage. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a prime risk factor of glaucoma controlled by various treatment regimens i.e., medication, laser, and/ or surgery. It is reported that longterm exposure to anti-glaucoma medications (AGM) may subtle the surgical success rate leading to postoperative fibrosis. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a growth factor that plays an important role in the development of glaucoma and promotes fibrosis.

This study is aimed at developing peptides to …

The Greenbook, Faculty Handbook, 2024-2025, Marshall University Academic Affairs

The Greenbook

This book has been published for the faculty of Marshall University for the specified period of time. This book was created by Academic Affairs and is for the period of 2024-2025.

Evaluating A Precision Sprayer For Detecting Weeds And Spraying Herbicides In Real Time (Spot Spray) For Weed Management In Corn And Soybean, Adam Eric Leise

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Herbicide sprayers are becoming larger and more efficient in applications in crop fields. A precise and efficient herbicide application is advantageous in effective weed control. New precision sprayers were introduced in hopes of reducing the amount of herbicide applied. Greeneye Technology and John Deere have developed precision sprayers for the detection of weeds in crop fields, which come equipped with a dual tank system that allows for two different herbicides to be separated from tank to tip. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the broadleaf and grass weed control efficacy of spot spray (SS) technology when applied in …

Optimization Of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells For The Treatment Of Solid Tumors, Hailey Young, Ms

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

T cells have been called the “warriors of the immune system” and for good reason. T cells have many different functions including stimulating B cells to make antibodies; suppressing the immune response when it is no longer needed; killing of foreign, pathogenic, and cancerous cells and several other functions. Despite these key immune system functions, T cells sometimes are deregulated, and this can lead to an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been designed. CAR T cells are T cells that have been genetically engineered to possess a T cell receptor derived from murine, …

Comes In Waves: Clinical Overview Of Vibrio Species, Natalie M. Prosser, Ms

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Earth’s oceans, despite their beauty and vast ecosystems, pose numerous threats to marine life and humans living along the coastline. Vibrio species (spp.) is a common species of oceanic bacteria native to coastal and brackish waters. This bacterium is capable of causing various degrees of human disease among different populations. Three clinically significant species of Vibrio include Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio cholera; all three species share virulence factors, but each are capable of causing varying degrees of vibriosis infections. Vibriosis infections include but are not limited to wound infections, necrotizing fasciitis, and gastroenteritis. In particular, …

Maggot Therapy And Its Clinical Application In The War Against Microbial Resistance, Nicholas Leidy, Ms

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

Antibiotic resistance poses a growing threat across the globe. The United Nations estimates that up to 10 million deaths by 2050 will be due to superbugs and antimicrobial resistance. Finding effective solutions has been obstructed by the expensive and time-intensive research and development process. Maggot therapy, however, has emerged as a promising, cost-effective approach to wound debridement or cleaning. This unconventional method takes advantage of the natural capabilities of maggots to effectively debride chronic, non-healing wounds, even those infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria. Through the utilization of proteolytic and digestive enzymes, maggots are able to break down necrotic tissue and promote …

Beyond Four Walls: Outdoor Recess As A Complement To Classroom Engagement, Valerie Mulvenna

School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Theses and Dissertations

This mixed-methods study examined the impact of increased outdoor recess on elementary students' classroom engagement following the implementation of Illinois' 2021 The Right to Play Every Day Act. The study is driven by two main research questions: (1) Does increased outdoor recess influence a student’s classroom engagement? (2) What are educators' perspectives on the implementation of the Act? Quantitative data was collected through classroom observations of 16 third-grade students over six weeks, measuring on-task behavior before and after recess periods. Qualitative data was gathered through semi-structured interviews with five elementary educators. While statistical analysis yielded inconclusive results regarding the relationship …

Smokejumper Magazine, July 2024, National Smokejumper Association

Smokejumper and Static Line Magazines

This issue of the National Smokejumper Association (NSA) Smokejumper Magazine, contains the following articles: Message from the President; A Tribute to a Smokejumper; Down the Yukon Alone; North Cascades Pararescue Operations, 1957-1989; What Happened to America's Middle Class?; How Bobby Montoya Saved My Life; GAC Goats; The Burning of Ruth; Gone But Not Forgotten: South Canyon Fire; Just Keep Them From Burning the Place Down; Remembrances; The Failures of Fire, Law Enforcement, and Other Agencies at the Lahaina, Maui, Fire; Sounding Off; Blazing A New Trail; Reflections on Wildland Firefighting; Odds and Ends; Notes from the Ranks; May 1981 Redding …

Post‐Fire Sediment Yield From A Central California Watershed: Field Measurements And Validation Of The Wepp Model, Amy E. East, Joshua B. Logan, Helen W. Dow, Douglas P. Smith, Pat Iampietro, Jonathan A. Warrick, Thomas D. Lorenson, Leticia Hallas, Benjamin Kozlowicz

AES Faculty Publications and Presentations

In a warming climate, an intensifying fire regime and higher likelihood of extreme rain are expected to increase watershed sediment yield in many regions. Understanding regional variability in landscape response to fire and post‐fire rainfall is essential for managing water resources and infrastructure. We measured sediment yield resulting from sequential wildfire and extreme rain and flooding in the upper Carmel River watershed (116 km2), on the central California coast, USA, using changes in sediment volume mapped in a reservoir. We determined that the sediment yield after fire and post‐fire flooding was 854–1,100 t/km2/yr, a factor of 3.5–4.6 greater than the …

A Comparative Evaluation Of Two Youth Mental Health Trainings For Volunteers, Monica M. Lobenstein, Shannon Sparks, Jennifer Park-Mroch, Danette Hopke, Jayna Hintz, Megan Suehring, Kea Norrell-Aitch, Karla Gearing, Michelle Gobert, Sheila Michels

Journal of Youth Development

Adolescence is a critical period for developing social and emotional habits important for mental well-being (Kessler et al., 2005). Half of all mental health conditions start by age 14, and the average delay between onset of symptoms and intervention is eight to ten years (Wang et al., 2007). Youth with mental health conditions are particularly vulnerable to social exclusion, discrimination, stigma, educational difficulties, risk-taking behaviors, and worsening physical health. Youth often do not get the help they need due to ongoing stigma and barriers in accessing mental health treatment. For example, in Wisconsin, 30% of the population live in a …

Incorporating Human Movement Variability In Bimanual Multifrequency Coordination, Marilena Kalaitzi Manifrenti

Theses, Dissertations, and Student Creative Activity

Coordination is the organization of a system’s components to achieve collective behavior, whether within an individual or across systems. Coordination may be either monofrequency, the systems oscillating at the same frequency (e.g. 1:1), or multifrequency, the systems oscillating at unique frequencies (e.g. 1:3). Multifrequency coordination is typically described by the sine circle map (SCM); however, several limitations arise when describing human movement. Healthy young adults' movements exhibit Pink noise, a pattern in the timing of their actions that enables them to adapt flexibly to environmental changes by resulting in well-coordinated behavioral adjustments. The SCM fails to capture the natural variability …

Enacting Data Context: Fixing Meaning In Transparency Data Initiatives, Lindsay Poirier

Statistical and Data Sciences: Faculty Publications

This article documents the “context cultures” underpinning efforts to develop regulations for collecting and reporting data in a United States public database known as Open Payments. Open Payments is a dataset published annually by the US Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services that documents the transfers of value from pharmaceutical and medical device manufacturers to physicians, prescribing non-physicians, and teaching hospitals. In the article, I show context became a manifold concern as differentially-situated actors engaged in modes of public advocacy and social action around not only what data meant, but also what it meant to make data meaningful. I show …

A New Reporter Confronts The Supreme Court’S Unpublished Decisions, Peter W. Martin

Cornell Law Faculty Publications

In late January 2021, the Supreme Court of the United States issued a long list of orders. It concluded with a single sentence: “It is ordered that Rebecca Anne Womeldorf be appointed Reporter of Decisions of this Court . . . , effective January 25, 2021, . . . charged with the duty of reporting the decisions of the present Term which have not been reported prior to January 25, 2021.” The order was silent about the immense challenge facing the new Reporter in the form of unpublished decisions from prior terms. Actions taken by Ms. Womeldorf and her staff, …

The Effect Of Using Two Sintering Cycles On The Optical Properties Of Gradient Multi-Layered Zirconia (In Vitro Study), Fatma Makkeyah, Passent Elghalab, Maged Zohdy, Mostafa Nour

Dentistry

No abstract provided.

Biostratigraphic Revision Of Esthonyx (Tillidontia, Mammalia) In The Contect Of Climate Change In The Lower Eocene Of The Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, John Colter Johnson

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Esthonyx is an early Eocene tillodont found in North America, Europe, and India. The genus was named by Edward Drinker (E. D.) Cope in 1874 based on specimens from the San Jose Formation in New Mexico. Since then, several species of Esthonyx have been described from North America alone. The best record of Esthonyx comes from the central Bighorn Basin (BHB) in Wyoming, where it appears in 220 localities in a 640 m-thick stratigraphic succession. Since the last summary of Esthonyx in the BHB, several hundred new specimens have been collected and curated at the Denver Museum of Nature and …

Multi-Case Study Of Left-Flank Boundaries Within Supercells, Peyton B. Stevenson

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study investigates the prevalence and significance of forward-flank convergence boundaries (FFCBs) and left-flank convergence boundaries (LFCBs) in shaping the structure and intensity of supercells, using observational data from various field projects. Unlike previous research focusing on individual cases, this study examines a diverse range of cases to provide comprehensive insights into the relationship between these boundaries and supercell characteristics such as intensity, longevity, and tornadogenesis. By analyzing high-resolution surface data, the research addresses the frequency, location, and intensity of these boundaries, and their impact on pseudo vertical vorticity, pseudo convergence, and density gradients. A total of 228 boundary identifications …

Examining Dietary Disparities And Associated Factors Among Young Children Across Diverse Racial, Ethnic And Immigrant Households In Nebraska, Naveta Bhatti

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Early childhood is a crucial stage for developing eating behaviors which in turn plays a major role in determining health outcomes. Assessing children’s diet plays a crucial role in tackling the obesity epidemic. One of the ways to assess children’s dietary intake is by evaluating their dietary quality. Dietary quality refers to the overall healthfulness and nutritional value of an individual's diet, considering the combination of foods consumed over time. Research has consistently demonstrated that a high-quality diet is associated with a reduced risk of several health issues, such as all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease incidence or mortality, cancer incidence or …

Party Over Democracy? When Do Americans Stand By Democratic Principles, Zenat Ahmed

Department of Political Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Studies show that people support their party’s representatives even when their behavior violates fundamental democratic principles for partisan gain. We test the effects of two interventions- each randomly and independently assigned—to investigate the conditions under which people will prioritize democracy over party goals. In the first intervention, we explicitly point out how an in-party politician’s behavior (e.g., banning public gatherings of their opponents) violates a core democratic principle (e.g., free assembly). The second intervention is a question-order manipulation to test if participants are less tolerant of politicians’ antidemocratic behavior when support for democratic principles is reported first. We find that …

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav)-Based High-Throughput Phenotyping For Maize Improvement, Eric T. Rodene

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Modern breeding programs rely heavily on efficiently screening large numbers of genotypes for agronomic traits, such as disease resistance, drought tolerance, and yield. Identifying the genetic loci or genes associated with these traits using GWAS or functional analyses will benefit future plant breeding efforts seeking to incorporate these traits into new crop varieties, whether through conventional breeding or gene editing techniques. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based image data has been increasingly used for this task, as it allows entire test plots to be quickly and cost-effectively phenotyped. In my research, I have developed methods to improve the accuracy of machine learning …

Performance Fatigability And Neuromuscular Responses During And After One Set Of Forearm Flexion Muscle Actions To Failure At 30% Versus 70% One-Repetition Maximum In Men And Women, Tyler Joseph Neltner

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

Previous studies have examined sex differences in performance fatigability during isometric, isokinetic and controlled dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) fatiguing tasks (FT), however, whether those sex differences remain during maximal intended velocity (MIV) DCER muscle actions remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the sex-related differences in the time course of fatigue, neuromuscular responses, and coactivation from the ipsilateral and contralateral limbs during MIV DCER muscle actions to failure at low versus high relative loads, as well as performance fatigability from pre- to post-testing. Twenty-seven college-aged men (n = 14) and women (n = 13) …

A Collection Of Short Stories, Tryphena Lizzert Yeboah

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

The short stories in this collection offer diverse and expansive realities of the human condition, particularly around the lives of women—their identities, bodies, emotions, and how they live and navigate a social order that is often constructed to dominate and undermine them. How can we complicate marginalized portrayals of women shaped by the male gaze and interrogate the patriarchal presumption of the African woman? What different approaches should be employed in capturing different aspects of her domestic and social life, how she defines and expresses autonomy, how she subverts gender norms, and her experiences of emotional and physical violence? These …

Laser 3d Printing Of Diamond-Based Composite Materials For Thermal Management Applications, Nada Kraiem

Dissertations and Doctoral Documents, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2023–

With the trend towards miniaturization of electrical equipment and the constant increase in power density in semiconductor devices, efficient heat management has become a major concern for researchers. Indeed, this technological evolution imposes increasingly strict constraints in terms of thermal dissipation, necessitating innovative solutions to ensure better durability and reliability of components. In this context, the use of composite materials offering high thermal conductivity (TC) and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) compared to pure metals has become essential to address overheating issues in electronic components.

The utilization of advanced materials such as diamond (D), with exceptional TC and hardness …

Population Demography, Occupancy, And Connectivity Of Invasive Bigheaded Carp In The Platte River, Nebraska And Its Tributaries, Blake W. Logan

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Bighead Carp H. nobilis, collectively referred to as bigheaded carp, are invasive species in the United States of America that have expanded their range throughout the Missouri River basin in the last three decades. It may be desirable to develop management plans directed at the monitoring, control, or removal of bigheaded carp within the Missouri River basin. However, a knowledge gap exists regarding bigheaded carp ecology in Missouri River tributaries, which may be important for the development of management plans. As such, this study characterized bigheaded carp population demographics, occupancy, and connectivity in …

Exploring Prescribing Practitioners’ Experiences And Perceptions Associated With Opioid Clinical Practice Guidelines Adherence To Treat Older Adults For Chronic Pain In Primary Care Practice Settings In The United States, Dara D. Skinner

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Background: Chronic pain is a common complaint in older adults,’ and they often seek treatment from their primary care provider who may prescribe opioids to treat their chronic pain. Treating and managing an older adult chronic pain can be complex due to several factors such as the patient’s co-morbidities (other medical conditions), impaired cognition, and advanced age. Opioids have been used since the 1890s for treatment of pain (acute and chronic). Opioid use can cause fractures, falls, kidney failure, addiction, respiratory depression, and overdose in older adults. According to Tong et al. (2016) primary care providers were responsible for writing …

Exploring Masculinity In Shakespeare And Effectively Teaching Grammar In Context: A Portfolio, Madison Nadeau

Master of Arts in English Plan II Graduate Projects

I uncover and explore two models for masculinity in marriage in Shakespeare's The Taming of the Shrew and The Tragedy of Julius Caesar: one where it is an assumption and the other a constant fight. Additionally, I offer a teaching unit on characterization designed for a dual enrollment writing class that aims to teach grammar in the context of writing.

New Improvements To Defend Against Power Analysis Attacks In Ijtag Access Protocol, Haoran Wei

Computer Science and Engineering Theses and Dissertations

More and more instruments are now integrated on the chip for testing, debugging, monitoring, and post-silicon validation. IEEE Std 1687 (IJTAG) provides efficient access to these instruments. At the same time, techniques for an attacker to steal important data through the IJTAG network have also emerged. To improve the security of the IJTAG network and especially the communication between software and a board, others have proposed a security access protocol with several possible implementations based on an information hiding method. For example, one version of this previously published bidirectional authentication access protocol uses multiple templates to embed keys to improve …

Summer 2024 Graduation Survey Responses, Systems Intelligence And Data Analytics, University Of Nebraska At Omaha

Graduation

Summer 2024 Graduation survey responses master file without identifiers.

Menstrual Hygiene Amongst School Girls: Still A Messy Business, Naghma Rizvi, Saleema A. Gulzar, Tazeen S. Ali, Syeda Aleena Fazal, Alishah Aziz Gulzar, Yasmin Parpio, Rimsha Hirani

Journal of Asian Midwives (JAM)

Background: Menstruation has become a taboo topic among adolescent females, affecting their reproductive health, particularly in more traditional South Asian nations such as Pakistan. The study highlights the societal silence surrounds menstruation, which leads to detrimental practices and attitudes among school-age females. The study reveals the sociocultural, psychological, and educational challenges that teenagers encounter. The presence of myths and misconceptions adds to unsanitary habits, which undermine education and reproductive health.
Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in urban Karachi. The participants were 850 unmarried school-going female adolescents aged 13 to 19. The data were collected using a pre-coded questionnaire. …